2023年考研考博考博英语西南林业大学考试高频考点参考题库答案

2023年考研考博考博英语西南林业大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Thecompanymakesaperiodicalreviewofexpenditureeverymonth.问题1选项A.regularB.immediateC.prevalentD.temporary2.单选题Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasic______ofmatter,andthemiraclesoflife.问题1选项A.bacteriaB.constituentsC.erosionD.contexts3.翻译题Motherlanguages,alongwithlinguisticdiversity,matterfortheidentityofindividuals.Assourcesofcreativityandvehiclesforculturalexpression,theyarealsoimportantforthehealthofsocieties.Notleast,languagesarefactorsfordevelopmentandgrowth.Weknowhowimportanteducationinthemotherlanguageisforlearningoutcomes.Motherlanguageinstructionisapowerfulwaytofightdiscriminationandreachouttomarginalizedpopulation.Aswellspringsofknowledge,languagesarealsostartingpointsforgreatersustainabilityindevelopment,formanagingmoreharmoniouslyourrelationshipwiththeenvironmentandchange.4.单选题Learningdisabilitiesareverycommon.Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.Fourtimesasmanyboysasgirlshavelearningdisabilities.Sinceabout1970,newresearchhashelpedbrainscientistsunderstandtheseproblemsbetter.Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings.Thereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.Sosomeresearchersbeganlookingatthebrainitselftolearnwhatmightbewrong.Inonestudy,researchersexaminedthebrainofalearning-disabledpersonwhohaddiedinanaccident.Theyfoundtwounusualthings.Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.ThestudywascarriedoutundertheguidanceofNormanGeschwind,anearlyexpertonlearningdisabilities.DoctorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshoulD.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrossed.Otherstudiesdidnotexaminebraintissue.Instead,theymeasuredthebrain’selectricalactivityandmadeamanoftheelectricalsignals.FrankDuffyexperimentedwithhistechniquesatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.1.Scientistfoundthatthebraincellsofalearning-disabledpersondifferfromthoseofanormalpersonin______.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?3.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat______.4.DoctorDuffybelievedthat______.5.Accordingtothepassagewecanconcludethatfurtherresearchshouldbemade______.问题1选项A.structureandfunctionB.colorandfunctionC.sizeandarrangementD.colorandarrangement问题2选项A.LearningdisabilitiesmayresultfromtheunknownareaofthebrainB.LearningdisabilitiesmayresultfromdamagetoawideareaofthebrainC.LearningdisabilitiesmayresultfromabnormalorganizationofbraincellsD.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain问题3选项A.manyfactorsaccountforlearningdisorderB.alearning-disabledpersonshowsnooutwardsignsC.readingdisabilitiesareacommonproblemthataffects10percentofthepopulationD.thebrainactivityoflearning-disabledchildrenisdifferentfromthatofnormalchildren问题4选项A.hefoundtheexactcauseoflearningdisabilitiesB.theproblemoflearningdisabilitieswasnotlimitedtotheleftsideofthebrainC.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesresultedfromtheleftsideofthebrainD.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesdidnotlieintheleftsideofthebrain问题5选项A.toinvestigatepossibleinfluencesonbraindevelopmentandorganizationB.tostudyhowchildrenlearntoreadandwrite,andusenumbersC.tohelplearning-disabledchildrentodeveloptheirintelligenceD.toexplorehowtheleftsideofthebrainfunctionsinlanguagelearning5.单选题Thevolcanogavewarningthatitwouldsoonpop:smallearthquakesshudderedbeneathitssurfaceonSeptember23.问题1选项A.sankB.sentC.eruptedD.shook6.单选题Condemnedtodeath,Socratescouldhaveescapedbutchosetodiebydrinkingpoison—seekingtrutheventothe______end.问题1选项A.strongB.deadC.dyingD.lethal7.单选题Diet-relateddiseasesalsocostsocietyintermsofdecreasedworkproductivity,increasedabsenteeism,poorerschoolperformance,andreducedfitnessonthepartofmilitary______,amongothernegativeeffects.问题1选项A.recruitsB.reengineeringC.weaponD.scene8.单选题Slaughteranddestructionareterriblerealitiesofwar.问题1选项A.slabB.massivekillingC.slightD.dimension9.翻译题Agoodbookisoftenthebesturnofalifeenshriningthebestthatlifecouldthinkout;fortheworldofman'slifeis,forthemostpart,buttheworldofhisthoughts.Thusthebestbooksaretreasuriesofgoodwords,thegoldenthoughts,which,rememberedandcherished,becomeourconstantcompanionsandcomforters.“Theyareneveralone,”saidSirPhilipSidney,“thatareaccompaniedbynoblethoughts.”Thegoodandtruethoughtmayintimesoftemptationbeasanangleofmercypurifyingandguardingthesoul.Italsoenshrinesthegermsofaction,forgoodwordsalmostalwaysinspiretogoodworks.10.单选题Athometheirlossestofarmingandindustryhadtobemadegood,asfaraspossible,withmoreforeignworkersandprisoners-of-war.问题1选项A.compensatedB.constructedwellC.managedproperlyD.terminated11.单选题Foodsubsidiesarenecessaryforkeepingdownthepriceofdairyproductsandbread.问题1选项A.controlsB.aidsC.accumulationsD.transformations12.单选题Wemustlivewiththeknowledgethatalllivingcreaturesare___.问题1选项A.moralB.fierceC.fatalD.mortal13.单选题Theexaminationquestiontotallyperplexedher.问题1选项A.fascinatedB.confusedC.enlightenedD.saddened14.单选题Inmanycountriesnow,smokingisnot______inpublicplaces.问题1选项A.permissiveB.permutableC.perniciousD.permissible15.单选题Iamsurethatdiseasemustpropagateinsuchunsanitaryandcrowdedareas.问题1选项A.eliminateB.transmitC.replaceD.isolate16.单选题Sometimesitcanbeshownthatthetissuenotonlylookshomogeneous,butactuallyisso,because,ifthetissueiscutinhalf,eachhalfwillregulatetogiverisetothesamepatternaswouldotherwisehavebeenproducedbythewhole.问题1选项A.createB.occurC.emergeD.deteriorate17.单选题Sometimesthebankmanagerhimselfisaskedto___chequesifhisclerksarenotsureaboutthem.问题1选项A.creditB.assureC.certifyD.access18.单选题TheSpanishteam,whoarenotinsuperbform,willbedoingtheirbestnextweektorevengethemselvesontheGermanteamforlastyear’sdefeat.问题1选项A.retaliateB.recoverC.repelD.defend19.单选题EuropaisthesmallestofplanetJupiter’sfourlargestmoonsandthesecondmoonoutfromJupiter.Until1979,itwasjustanotherastronomytextbookstatistiC.Thencametheclose-upimagesobtainedbytheexploratoryspacecraftVoyager2,andwithindays,Europawastransformed—inourperception,atleast—intooneofthesolarsystem’smostintriguingworlds.Thebiggestinitialsurprisewasthealmosttotallackofdetail,especiallyfromfaraway.Evenatcloserange,theonlyvisiblefeaturesarethin,kinkedbrownlinesresemblingcracksinaneggshell.Andthisanalogyisnotfaroffthemark.ThesurfaceofEuropaisalmostpurewaterice,butanearlycompleteabsenceofcratersindicatesthatEuropa’ssurfaceiceresemblesEarth’sAntarcticicecap.Theeggshellanalogymaybequiteaccuratesincetheicecouldbeaslittleasafewkilometersthick—atrueshellaroundwhatislikelyasubsurfaceliquidoceanthat,inturn,encasesarockycore.TheinteriorofEuropahasbeenkeptwarmovertheeonsbytidalforcesgeneratedbythevaryinggravitationaltugsoftheotherbigmoonsastheywheelaroundJupiter.ThetidesonEuropapullandrelaxinanendlesscycle.Theresultinginternalheatkeepswhatwouldotherwisebeicemeltedalmosttothesurface.ThecracklikemarksonEuropa’sicyfaceappearstobefractureswherewaterorslushoozesfrombelow.SoonafterVoyager2’sencounterwithJupiterin1979,whenthebestimagesofEuropawereobtained,researchersadvancedthestartlingideathatEuropa’ssubsurfaceoceanmightharborlife.LifeprocessescouldhavebegunwhenJupiterwasreleasingavaststoreofinternalheat.Jupiter'searlyheatwasproducedbythecompressionofthematerialformingthegiantplanet.JustastheSunisfarlessradianttodaythantheprimalSun,sotheinternalheatgeneratedbyJupiterisminorcomparedtoitsformerintensity.Duringthiswarmphase,some4.6billionyearsago,Europa’soceanmayhavebeenliquidrighttothesurface,makingitacrucibleforlife.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatastronomytextbookspriorto1979_____.3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEuropaandAntarcticahaveincommonwhichofthefollowing?4.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheeffectofJupiter'sotherlargemoonsonEuropa?5.Accordingtothepassage,Voyager2’simagesledresearcherstodevelopwhichofthefollowingtheories?问题1选项A.TheeffectofthetidesonEuropa’sinteriorB.TemperaturevariationsonJupiter’smoonsC.DiscoveriesleadingtoatheoryaboutoneofJupiter’smoonsD.TechniquesusedbyVoyager2toobtainclose-upimages问题2选项A.providedmanycontradictorystatisticsaboutEuropaB.consideredEuropathemostimportantofJupiter'smoonsC.didnotemphasizeEuropabecauselittleinformationofinterestwasavailableD.didnotmentionEuropabecauseithadnotyetbeendiscovered问题3选项A.Bothmayhavewaterbeneathathin,hardsurfaceB.BothappeartohaveasurfacewithmanycratersC.BothhaveanicecapthatismeltingrapidlyD.Bothhaveareasencasedbyarockyexterior问题4选项A.TheypreventtidesthatcoulddamageEuropa’ssurfaceB.TheypreventEuropa’ssubsurfacewatersfromfreezingC.TheyproducetheveryhardlayeroficethatcharacterizesEuropaD.TheyassurethatthegravitationalpullonEuropaismaintainedatasteadylevel问题5选项A.JupitermaybehottertodaythanitoncewasB.EuropaisfarolderthanscientistsoriginallythoughtC.Europa’stemperatureismaintainedbyJupiter’svaststoreofinternalheatD.TheoceanwatersofEuropacouldcontainsomeformsoflife20.单选题Withoutdepartingfromthefundamentallawsoftheselfishgene,wecanseehowcooperationandmutualassistancecan___eveninabasicallyselfishworlD.问题1选项A.flourishB.flutterC.fluctuateD.flush第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项regular“定期的；有规律的；合格的；整齐的；普通的”；B选项immediate“立即的；直接的；最接近的”；C选项prevalent“流行的；普遍的，广传的”；D选项temporary“暂时的，临时的”。句意：公司每月定期检查支出情况。结合此处关键词periodical“[数]周期的；定期的”，得知A选项正确。2.【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项bacteria“细菌”；B选项constituents“成分”；C选项erosion“侵蚀，腐蚀”；D选项contexts“环境，上下文”。句意：科学和技术的进步使我们能够了解宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的……和生命的奇迹。根据matter（物质）可推测与其搭配的是constituents。结合句意，A选项及C选项都可排除。D选项contexts（环境）也不能与matter（物质）搭配，因此B选项为正确答案。3.【答案】母语，以及语言多样性，对个体的身份认同至关重要。作为创造力的来源和文化表达的工具，它们对社会的健康也很重要。重要的是，语言是发展和增长的因素。我们知道母语教育对学习成果的重要性。母语教学是消除歧视和接触边缘人口的有力途径。语言作为知识的源泉，也是提高发展可持续性、更和谐地管理我们与环境和变革的关系的起点。4.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章第四段“Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.”，中文翻译为：其中一个是大脑左侧控制语言的细胞。这些细胞通常是白色的。然而，在学习障碍者中，这些细胞是灰色的。研究人员还发现，许多神经细胞并没有按照应有的方式排列。神经细胞混合在一起。根据关键词“white”“gray”可排除A、C选项，以及“cellswerenotinaline”（细胞不在一条线上）可排除B选项，因此可判断D选项“颜色和排列”正确。2.推理判断题。通读全文，A选项“学习障碍可能来自大脑的未知区域。”在文中并没有提及，因此可知A选项正确。B选项“学习障碍可能是由于大脑大面积受损造成的。”在文中第五段“Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshould.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrossed.”中文翻译：他认为大脑的这一侧不能正常发育。他说，很可能那里的神经细胞并没有正常连接。所以大脑就像一个电线交叉的电子装置。可推测，大脑受损导致学习障碍。因此B选项正确，可排除。C选项“学习障碍可能是由脑细胞的异常组织引起的。”在文中第二段“Thereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.”中文翻译：毫无疑问，所有的学习障碍都是由大脑组织方式的差异造成的。因此C选项符合原文意思，可排除。D选项Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.“学习障碍可能是由左脑问题引起的。”可定位到文中第五段“DoctorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.”中文翻译：Geschwind博士提出学习障碍主要是由左脑问题引起的。因此，D选项也是直接来自原文，可排除。3.推理判断题。A选项“manyfactorsaccountforlearningdisorder”（许多因素导致了学习障碍），可定位到文中第二段第二句“Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings”，中文翻译：科学家们现在知道有许多不同种类的学习障碍，它们是由许多不同的事情引起的。因此A选项正确。B选项“alearning-disabledpersonshowsnooutwardsigns”（有学习障碍的人没有外在的迹象），可定位到原文第三段“Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.”中文翻译：你不能看着一个孩子就知道他或她是否有学习障碍。没有这种紊乱的外在迹象。因此B选项正确。C选项“readingdisabilitiesareacommonproblemthataffects10percentofthepopulation.”（阅读障碍是影响10%人口的一个常见问题），可定位到文中第一段第二句“Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.”中文翻译：大约有10%的儿童患有这种疾病。与C选项不符，因此C选项错误。D选项“thebrainactivityoflearning-disabledchildrenisdifferentfromthatofnormalchildren.”（学习障碍儿童的大脑活动与正常儿童不同），可定位到文中第四段，可知学习障碍者控制语言的左脑细胞是灰色的，而这些细胞通常是白色的。可推测学习障碍儿童的大脑活动与正常儿童不同。因此选项D正确。综上所述，C选项为正确答案。4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“DoctorDuffy”可定位到文中最后一段FrankDuffyexperimentedwithhistechniquesatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.中文翻译：达菲在波士顿儿童医院医疗中心试验了他的技术。达菲博士说，他的研究证明，阅读障碍不仅会损害大脑的左侧，还会损害大脑的大部分区域。A选项“他找到了学习障碍的确切原因”，不符合题意，可排除。B选项“学习障碍的问题不仅限于左脑”，达菲博士的研究证明“阅读障碍还会损害大脑的大部分区域”，因此，选项B正确。C选项“学习障碍的问题是由左脑造成的”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“学习障碍的问题并不在于大脑的左侧”不符合题意，可排除。综上所述，B选项为正确答案。5.推理判断题。A选项“研究可能对大脑发育和组织的影响”，B选项“研究儿童如何学习读写和使用数字”，C选项“帮助学习障碍儿童发展智力”，D选项“探讨左脑在语言学习中的作用”。根据题干，可以定位到文中最后一段最后一句“达菲博士说，他的研究证明，阅读障碍不仅会损害大脑的左侧，还会损害大脑的大部分区域。”，由此可推测接下来的研究会探讨“大脑发育和组织的影响”，因此A选项正确。5.【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项sank“沉陷”；B选项sent“送，寄出”；C选项erupted“爆发；长出”；D选项shook“摇动”。句意：火山发出警告说它很快就会爆发：9月23日，它的地表下发生了小地震。结合此处关键词earthquakes（地震）可排除B、C选项，A选项sank（沉陷）也与地震不匹配，因此得知D选项正确。6.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项strong“强壮的”；B选项dead“无生命的；呆板的；废弃了的”；C选项dying“垂死的；临终的；濒临消亡的；快要结束的”；D选项lethal“致命的”。句意：判处死刑，苏格拉底本可以逃脱但选择喝……毒药寻求真理。根据poison（毒药），A，B，C项都不能与poison（毒药）进行搭配，结合句意，选项D为正确答案。7.【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项recruits“新兵；新成员”；B选项reengineering“企业再造；再造工程；重建”；C选项weapon“武器，兵器”；D选项scene“场面；情景；景象；事件”。句意：与饮食有关的疾病也对社会造成负面影响，如工作效率下降、旷工增多、学习成绩差、……身体素质下降等。根据military（军队）以及fitness（身体素质）可推测空白处应该填“人”的单词，因此B、C、D选项都可排除。A选项recruits（新兵）符合，结合句意，A选项为正确答案。8.【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项slab“厚板，平板；混凝土路面；厚片”；B选项massivekilling“大规模的杀戮”；C选项slight“怠慢；轻蔑”；D选项dimension“方面；[数]维；尺寸；次元；容积”。句意：屠杀和破坏是可怕的战争现实。结合此处关键词slaughter“屠宰；大屠杀；（非正式）彻底击败”，得知B选项正确。9.【答案】好书常如最精美的宝器，珍藏着人生的思想的精华；因为人的生活世界主要是他的思想世界。因此，最好的书是金玉良言和崇高思想的宝库，这些良言和思想若铭记于心并多加珍视，就会成为我们忠实的伴侣和永恒的慰藉。菲利普•西德尼爵士说过：“有高尚思想做伴的人永不孤独。”在我们受到诱惑的时候，美好真实的思想可以作为一种仁慈的视角，净化和保护我们的灵魂。这同样孕育着行为的萌芽，因为金玉良言总能激励善行。10.【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项compensate“补偿”；B选项constructwell“构造得很好”；C选项manageproperly“妥善处理”；D选项terminate“使终止；使结束；解雇”。句意：在国内，他们在农业和工业上的损失必须尽可能用更多的外国工人和战俘来弥补。结合此处关键词madegood“补偿”，得知A为正确答案。11.【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项controls“控制；控制装置”；B选项aids“艾滋病”；C选项accumulations“积聚，累积；堆积物”；D选项transformations“转变”。句意：食品补贴对于压低乳制品和面包的价格是必要的。结合此处关键短语keepingdowntheprice（压低价格），得知A选项正确。12.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项moral“道德的；精神上的；品性端正的”；B选项fierce“凶猛的；猛烈的；暴躁的”；C选项fatal“致命的；重大的；毁灭性的；命中注定的”；D选项mortal“凡人的；致死的；终有一死的；不共戴天的”。句意：我们必须认识到，所有生物都是终有一死的。故选D。13.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项fascinated“着迷的；被深深吸引的”；B选项confused“困惑的；混乱的；糊涂的”；C选项enlightened“开明的；文明的；有知识的；觉悟的”；D选项saddened“难过的；悲伤的”。句意：考题把她完全难住了。结合此处关键词question（问题），得知B选项正确。14.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项permissive“宽容的”；B选项permutable“可排列的；能交换的”；C选项pernicious“有害的；恶性的；致命的；险恶的”；D选项permissible“可允许的；获得准许的”。句意：在许多国家，吸烟在公共场所是不……。结合句意，A，B，C选项可以排除，D选项permissible（可允许的；获得准许的）最符合语意，吸烟在公众场合是不被允许的，因此选项D正确。15.【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项eliminate“消除；排除”；B选项transmit“传输；传播；发射；传达；遗传”；C选项replace“取代，代替；替换，更换；归还，偿还；把……放回原处”；D选项isolate“（使）隔离，孤立；将……剔出；（某物质、细胞等）分离；区别看待（观点、问题等）”。句意：我相信疾病一定会在这样不卫生、拥挤的地方传播。结合此处关键词propagate“传播；传送；繁殖；宣传”，得知B选项正确。16.【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项create“创造，创作；造成”；B选项occur“发生；出现；存在”；C选项emerge“浮现；摆脱；暴露”；D选项deteriorate“恶化，变坏”。句意：可以证明，组织不仅看起来是均匀的，而且实际上是均匀的，因为如果组织被切成两半，每一半将调节以产生与整体相同的图案。结合此处关键词giveriseto“造成；引起；导致”，得知A为正确答案。17.【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项credit“相信，信任；把……归给，归功于；赞颂”；B选项assure“保证；担保；使确信；弄清楚”；C选项certify“证明；保证”；D选项access“接近，使用；访问，存取（电脑文档）”。句意：有时，如果银行经理的职员对支票不确定，就要求他本人证明支票。结合此处语境，C选项正确。18.【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项retaliate“报复”；B选项recover“恢复；弥补；重新获得”；C选项repel“击退；抵制；使厌恶；使不愉快”；D选项defend“辩护；防护”。句意：目前状态不佳的西班牙队将在下周全力以赴，为去年的失利向德国队报仇。结合此处关键词revenge“报复；替……报仇；洗雪”，得知A选项正确。19.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文主要说明了一些关于木卫二的理论，因此C选项“这些发现导致了关于木星一颗卫星的理论”正确。A选项“潮汐对木卫二内部的影响”，B选项“木星卫星上的温度变化”，D选项“旅行者2号用来获得特写图像的技术”对应的都是文章中的一段，不全面。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“EuropaisthesmallestofplanetJupiter’sfourlargestmoonsandthesecondmoonoutfromJupiter.Until1979,itwasjustanotherastronomytextbookstatistic.”，中文翻译为：木卫二是木星四个最大的卫星中最小的，也是木星的第二个卫星。直到1979年，这只是天文学教科书上的数据。知C选项“没有强调木卫二是因为没有什么有趣的信息”正确。3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段“ThesurfaceofEuropaisalmostpurewaterice,butanearlycompleteabsenceofcratersindicatesthatEuropa’ssurfaceiceresemblesEarth’sAntarcticicecap.Theeggshellanalogymaybequiteaccuratesincetheicecouldbeaslittleasafewkilometersthick—atrueshellaroundwhatislikelyasubsurfaceliquidoceanthat,inturn,encasesarockycore.”，中文翻译为：木卫二的表面几乎是纯净的水冰，但几乎完全没有陨石坑，这表明木卫二的表面冰类似于地球的南极冰盖。蛋壳的类比可能相当准确，因为冰层可能只有几公里厚——一个真正的外壳，围绕着一个可能是地下液态海洋的地方，而这个海洋反过来又包裹着一个岩石核心。因此，A选项“两者在薄而坚硬的表面下都可能有水”正确。4.推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第二段“Theresultinginternalheatkeepswhatwouldotherwisebeicemeltedalmosttothesurface.ThecracklikemarksonEuropa’sicyfaceappearstobefractureswherewaterorslushoozesfrombelow.”，中文翻译为：由此产生的内部热量使原本可能是冰的东西几乎融化到表面。在木卫二冰冷的表面上有类似裂缝的痕迹，似乎是水或泥浆从下面渗出的裂缝。故B选项“它们可以防止木卫二的地下水结冰。”最符合题意。5.推理判断题。根据题干可以定位尾段“SoonafterVoyager2’sencounterwithJupiterin1979,whenthebestimagesofEuropawereobtained,researchersadvancedthestartlingideathatEuropa’ssubsurfaceoceanmightharborlife.”，中文翻译为：1979年，“旅行者2号”与木星相遇，获得了木卫二的最佳图像，之后不久，研究人员提出了一个令人吃惊的想法，即木卫二的地下海洋可能孕育着生命。可以得知D选项“木卫二的海水可能含有某种生命形式。”正确。20.【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项flourish“繁荣，茂盛；茁壮成长，处于旺盛时期；挥舞；炫耀”；B选项flutter“飘动；（鸟或昆虫）鼓翼；飞来飞去；（心脏等）怦怦乱跳；（人）奔忙”；C选项fluctuate“波动；涨落；动摇”；D选项flush“发红；使发光；因……兴奋；冲洗，冲掉；把……赶出隐藏地；使暴露；绽出新芽；嵌平”。句意：在不违背自私基因的基本规律的情况下，我们可以看到即使在一个基本自私的世界里，合作和互助也是可以繁荣发展的。结合句意，A为正确答案。第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题In1517aGermanmonk,MartinLuther,challengedcertainCatholicteachingsandrenouncedhisobediencetothepapacy.问题1选项A.announcedB.followedC.deniedD.proclaimed2.写作题Inmanycountrieschildrenareengagedinsomekindofpaidwork.Somepeopleregardthisascompletelywrong,whileothersconsideritasvaluableworkexperience,importantforlearningandtakingresponsibility.Whatareyouropinionsonthis?Writeapassageonthetopicinabout200words.YoumustwriteclearlyandlogicallyonyourAnswerSheet.3.单选题Hewasaccusedofbeinga______becausehemadepromiseswhicharousedfutilehopesinhislisteners.问题1选项A.spokesmanB.demagogueC.representativeD.politician4.单选题Themanhadeithertoleavethecountryimmediatelyortosurrenderhimselftotheenemyandhadnootherchoice.问题1选项A.alternativeB.hopeC.resourceD.approach5.单选题Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor.问题1选项A.operateB.contributeC.monitorD.send6.单选题Congressdelegateswaited___forthecongratulatorytelegramfromMoscowwhenthenewpartywasformed.问题1选项A.intermsB.inthelongrunC.inviewD.invain7.单选题Ellenhascomeintoalotofmoneyrecentlythankstoherrelatives'___.问题1选项A.generosityB.sincerityC.certaintyD.flexibility8.单选题Theprotectivecoveringoflobsters,nobodycoulddoubt,isanadaptationevolvedbyDarwinianselection.问题1选项A.adjustmentB.applicationC.argumentD.assembly9.单选题Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethe______shadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears.问题1选项A.disclosedB.createdC.disguisedD.distinguished10.单选题Thelossofhis______stemsfromgivingpromiseseasilyandneverfulfillingthem.问题1选项A.credibilityB.cradleC.corruptionD.convention11.单选题Lifeisfullofperils,butthewisemanignoresthosethatare______.问题1选项A.ineluctableB.inevitableC.unessentialD.unforgettable12.单选题Inhernovelof“Reunion,AmericanStyle”,RonaJaffesuggeststhataclassreunion“ismorethanasentimentaljourney.Itisalsoawayofansweringthequestionthatliesatthebackofnearlyallourminds.DidtheydobetterthanI?”Jaffe’sobservationmaybemisplacedbutnotcompletelylost.AccordingtoastudyconductedbysocialpsychologistJackSparacino,theoverwhelmingmajoritywhoattendreunionsaren'tthereinvidiouslytocomparetheirrecentaccomplishmentswiththoseoftheirformerclassmates.Instead,theyhope,primarily,torelivetheirearliersuccesses.Certainly,afewreturntoshowtheirformerclassmateshowwelltheyhavedone;othersenjoyobservingthechangesthathaveoccurredintheirclassmates(notalwaysinthemselves,ofcourse).Butthemajoritywhoattendtheirclassreunionsdosotorelivethegoodtimestheyrememberhavingwhentheywereyounger.Inhisstudy,Sparacinofoundthat,ashighschoolstudents,attendeeshadbeenmorepopular,moreoftenregardedasattractive,andmoreinvolvedinextracurricularactivitiesthanthoseclassmateswhochosenottoattenD.Forthosewhoturnedupattheirreunions,then,theoldtimeswerealsothegoodtimes!ItwouldappearthatAmericanshaveaspecialfondnessforreunions,judgingbytheirprevalence.Majorleaguebaseballplayers,fraternitymembers,veteransgroups,highschoolandcollegegraduates,andformerBoyScoutsallholdreunionsonaregularbasis.Inaddition,familyreunionsfrequentlyattractbloodrelativesfromfarawayplaceswhospendconsiderablemoneyandtimetoreunite.Actually,intheiraffectionforreunitingwithfriends,familyorcolleagues,Americansareprobablynodifferentfromanyotherpeople,exceptthatAmericanshavecreatedamind-bogglingnumberandvarietyofinstitutionalizedformsofgatheringstofacilitatethesatisfactionofthisdesire.Indeed,reunionshaveincreasinglybecomeformaleventsthatareorganizedonaregularbasisand,intheprocess,theyhavealsobecomebigbusiness.ShellNorrisofClassReunion,Inc.,saysthatChicagoalonehas1,500highschoolreunionseachyear.Aconservativeestimateonthenationallevelwouldbe10,000annually.Atonetime,allhighschoolreunionswereorganizedbyvolunteers,usuallyfemalehomemakers.Inthelastfewyears,however,asmoreandmorewomenhaveenteredthelabourforce,alumnireunionsareincreasinglybeingplannedbyspecializedcompaniesratherthanbypart-timevolunteers.ThefirstcollegereunionwasheldbythealumniofYaleUniversityin1792.GraduatesofPennsylvania,Princeton,Stanford,andBrownfollowedsuit.Andbytheendofthe19thcentury,most4-yearinstitutionswereholdingalumnireunions.Thevarietyofcollegereunionsisimpressive.AtPrinceton,alumniparadethroughthetownwearingtheirclassuniformsandsingingtheiralmamater.AtMariettaCollege,theygatherforadinner-danceonasteamshipcruisingtheOhioRiver.Clearly,thethoughtofcruisingonasteamshipormarchingthroughthestreetsisusuallynot,byitself,sufficientreasonforlargenumbersofalumnitoreturntocampus.Alumniwhodecidetoattendtheirreunionsshareacommonidentitybasedontheyearstheyspenttogetherasundergraduates.Forthisreason,universitiesthatsomehowestablishacommonbond—forexample,becausetheyarerelativelysmallorespeciallyprestigious—tendtodrawsubstantialnumbersoftheiralumnitoreunions.Inanefforttoenhancethiscommonidentity,largercollegesanduniversitiesfrequentlybuildtheirclassreunionsonparticipationinsmallerunits,suchasdepartmentsorschools.Ortheyencourage“affinityreunions”forgroupsofformercheerleaders,editors,fraternitymembers,musicians,membersofmilitaryorganizationsoncampus,andthelike.Ofcourse,noteveryalumnusisfondofhisorheralmamater.Studentswhograduatedduringthelate1960smaybeespeciallyreluctanttogetinvolvedinalumnievents.Theywerepartofthegenerationthatconductedsit-insandteach-insdirectedatuniversityadministrators,protestedmilitaryrecruitmentoncampusandmarchedagainst“establishmentpolitics.”Ifthisgenerationhasacommonidentity,itmayfalloutsideoftheiruniversityties—orevenbehostiletothem.Evenastheyentertheirmiddleyears,alumniwhocontinuetoholdunpleasantmemoriesofcollegeduringthisperiodmaynotwishtoattendclassreunions.1.Accordingtothepassage,Sparacino'sstudy___.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadistinctfeatureofU.S.classreunions?3.Whatmainlyattractsmanypeopletoreturntocampusforreunion?4.Therhetoricalfunctionofthefirstparagraphisto___.5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?问题1选项A.providedstrongevidenceforJaffe’sstatementB.showedthatattendeestendedtoexcelinhighschoolstudyC.foundthatinterestinreunionswaslinkedwithschoolexperienceD.foundevidenceforattendees'intensedesireforshowingoffsuccess问题2选项A.U.S.classreunionsareusuallyoccasionstoshowoffone’srecentsuccessB.ReunionsareregularandformaleventsorganizedbyprofessionalagenciesC.ClassreunionshavebecomeaprofitablebusinessD.Classreunionshavebroughtaboutavarietyofactivities问题3选项A.ThevarietyofactivitiesforclassreunionB.ThespecialstatustheiruniversityenjoysC.SharedexperiencebeyondthecampusD.Sharedundergraduateexperienceoncampus问题4选项A.introduceRonaJaffe’snovelB.presenttheauthor’scounterargumentC.serveaspreludetotheauthor’sargumentD.bringintofocuscontrastingopinions问题5选项A.A