内部动机量表（IMI）

内部动机量表（IMI）

IntrinsicMotivationInventory(IMI)

ScaleDescription|TheScale

DownloadtheIntrinsicMotivationInventorypacketinaWordfile

TheScales

THEPOST-EXPERIMENTALINTRINSICMOTIVATIONINVENTORY(Belowarelistedall45itemsthatcanbeuseddependingonwhichareneeded.)

Foreachofthefollowingstatements,pleaseindicatehowtrueitisforyou,usingthefollowingscale:

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notatalltruesomewhattrueverytrue

Interest/Enjoyment

Ienjoyeddoingthisactivityverymuch

Thisactivitywasfuntodo.

Ithoughtthiswasaboringactivity.(R)

Thisactivitydidnotholdmyattentionatall.(R)

Iwoulddescribethisactivityasveryinteresting.

Ithoughtthisactivitywasquiteenjoyable.

WhileIwasdoingthisactivity,IwasthinkingabouthowmuchIenjoyedit.

PerceivedCompetence

IthinkIamprettygoodatthisactivity.

IthinkIdidprettywellatthisactivity,comparedtootherstudents.

Afterworkingatthisactivityforawhile,Ifeltprettycompetent.

Iamsatisfiedwithmyperformanceatthistask.

Iwasprettyskilledatthisactivity.

ThiswasanactivitythatIcouldn’tdoverywell.(R)

Effort/Importance

Iputalotofeffortintothis.

Ididn’ttryveryhardtodowellatthisactivity.(R)

Itriedveryhardonthisactivity.

Itwasimportanttometodowellatthistask.

Ididn’tputmuchenergyintothis.(R)

Pressure/Tension

Ididnotfeelnervousatallwhiledoingthis.(R)

Ifeltverytensewhiledoingthisactivity.

Iwasveryrelaxedindoingthese.(R)

Iwasanxiouswhileworkingonthistask.

Ifeltpressuredwhiledoingthese.

PerceivedChoice

IbelieveIhadsomechoiceaboutdoingthisactivity.

Ifeltlikeitwasnotmyownchoicetodothistask.(R)

Ididn’treallyhaveachoiceaboutdoingthistask.(R)

IfeltlikeIhadtodothis.(R)

IdidthisactivitybecauseIhadnochoice.(R)

IdidthisactivitybecauseIwantedto.

IdidthisactivitybecauseIhadto.(R)

Value/Usefulness

Ibelievethisactivitycouldbeofsomevaluetome.

Ithinkthatdoingthisactivityisusefulfor______________________

Ithinkthisisimportanttodobecauseitcan_____________________

Iwouldbewillingtodothisagainbecauseithassomevaluetome.

Ithinkdoingthisactivitycouldhelpmeto_____________________

Ibelievedoingthisactivitycouldbebeneficialtome.

Ithinkthisisanimportantactivity.

Relatedness

Ifeltreallydistanttothisperson.(R)

IreallydoubtthatthispersonandIwouldeverbefriends.(R)

IfeltlikeIcouldreallytrustthisperson.

I’dlikeachancetointeractwiththispersonmoreoften.

I’dreallyprefernottointeractwiththispersoninthefuture.(R)

Idon’tfeellikeIcouldreallytrustthisperson.(R)

ItislikelythatthispersonandIcouldbecomefriendsifweinteractedalot.

Ifeelclosetothisperson.

ConstructingtheIMIforyourstudy.First,decidewhichofthevariables(factors)youwanttouse,basedonwhattheoreticalquestionsyouareaddressing.Then,usetheitemsfromthosefactors,randomlyordered.Ifyouusethevalue/usefulnessitems,youwillneedtocompletethethreeitemsasappropriate.Inotherwords,ifyouwerestudyingwhetherthepersonbelievesanactivityisusefulforimprovingconcentration,orbecomingabetterbasketballplayer,orwhatever,thenfillintheblankswiththatinformation.Ifyoudonotwanttorefertoaparticularoutcome,thenjusttruncatetheitemswithitsbeinguseful,helpful,orimportant.

ScoringinformationfortheIMI.Toscorethisinstrument,youmustfirstreversescoretheitemsforwhichan(R)isshownafterthem.Todothat,subtracttheitemresponsefrom8,andusetheresultingnumberastheitemscore.Then,calculatesubscalescoresbyaveragingacrossalloftheitemsonthatsubscale.Thesubscalescoresarethenusedintheanalysesofrelevantquestions.

Thefollowingisa22itemversionofthescalethathasbeenusedinsomelabstudiesonintrinsicmotivation.Ithasfoursubscales:interest/enjoyment,perceivedchoice,perceivedcompetence,andpressure/tension.Theinterest/enjoymentsubscaleisconsideredthe

self-reportmeasureofintrinsicmotivation;perceivedchoiceandperceivedcompetencearetheorizedtobepositivepredictorsofbothself-reportandbehavioralmeasuresofintrinsicmotivation.Pressuretensionistheorizedtobeanegativepredictorofintrinsicmotivation.Scoringinformationispresentedafterthequestionnaireitself.

TASKEVALUATIONQUESTIONNAIRE

Foreachofthefollowingstatements,pleaseindicatehowtrueitisforyou,usingthefollowingscale:

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notatalltruesomewhattrueverytrue

1.WhileIwasworkingonthetaskIwasthinkingabouthowmuchIenjoyedit.

2.Ididnotfeelatallnervousaboutdoingthetask.

3.Ifeltthatitwasmychoicetodothetask.

4.IthinkIamprettygoodatthistask.

5.Ifoundthetaskveryinteresting.

6.Ifelttensewhiledoingthetask.

7.IthinkIdidprettywellatthisactivity,comparedtootherstudents.

8.Doingthetaskwasfun.

9.Ifeltrelaxedwhiledoingthetask.

10.Ienjoyeddoingthetaskverymuch.

11.Ididn’treallyhaveachoiceaboutdoingthetask.

12.Iamsatisfiedwithmyperformanceatthistask.

13.Iwasanxiouswhiledoingthetask.

14.Ithoughtthetaskwasveryboring.

15.IfeltlikeIwasdoingwhatIwantedtodowhileIwasworkingonthetask.

16.Ifeltprettyskilledatthistask.

17.Ithoughtthetaskwasveryinteresting.

18.Ifeltpressuredwhiledoingthetask.

19.IfeltlikeIhadtodothetask.

20.Iwoulddescribethetaskasveryenjoyable.

21.IdidthetaskbecauseIhadnochoice.

22.Afterworkingatthistaskforawhile,Ifeltprettycompetent.

Scoringinformation.

Beginbyreversescoringitems#2,9,11,14,19,21.Inotherwords,subtracttheitemresponsefrom8,andusetheresultastheitemscoreforthatitem.Thisway,ahigherscorewillindicatemoreoftheconceptdescribedinthesubscalename.Thus,ahigherscoreonpressure/tensionmeansthepersonfeltmorepressuredandtense;ahigherscoreonperceivedcompetencemeansthepersonfeltmorecompetent;andsoon.Thencalculatesubscalescoresbyaveragingtheitemsscoresfortheitemsoneachsubscale.Theyareas

follows.The(R)afteranitemnumberisjustareminderthattheitemscoreisthereverseoftheparticipant’sresponseonthatitem.

Interest/enjoyment:1,5,8,10,14(R),17,20

Perceivedcompetence:4,7,12,16,22

Perceivedchoice:3,11(R),15,19(R),21(R)

Pressure/tension:2(R),6,9(R),13,18

Thesubscalescorescanthenbeusedasdependentvariables,predictors,ormediators,dependingontheresearchquestionsbeingaddressed.

TEXTMATERIALQUESTIONNAIRE1

Foreachofthefollowingstatements,pleaseindicatehowtrueitisforyour,usingthefollowingscaleasaguide:

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notatalltruesomewhattrueverytrue

1.WhileIwasreadingthismaterial,IwasthinkingabouthowmuchIenjoyed

it.

2.Ididnotfeelatallnervouswhilereading.

3.Thismaterialdidnotholdmyattentionatall.

4.IthinkIunderstoodthismaterialprettywell.

5.Iwoulddescribethismaterialasveryinteresting.

6.IthinkIunderstoodthismaterialverywell,comparedtootherstudents.

7.Ienjoyedreadingthismaterialverymuch.

8.Ifeltverytensewhilereadingthismaterial.

9.Thismaterialwasfuntoread.

Scoringinformation.

Beginbyreversescoringitems#2and3.Inotherwords,subtracttheitemresponsefrom8,andusetheresultastheitemscoreforthatitem.Thisway,ahigherscorewillindicatemoreoftheconceptdescribedinthesubscalename.Thencalculatesubscalescoresbyaveragingtheitemsscoresfortheitemsoneachsubscale.Theyareshownbelow.The(R)afteranitemnumberisjustareminderthattheitemscoreisthereverseoftheparticipant’sresponseonthatitem.

Interest/enjoyment:1,3(R),5,7,9

Perceivedcompetence:4,6,

Pressure/tension:2(R),8

Thenextversionofthequestionnairewasusedforastudyofinternalizationwithanuninterestingcomputertask(Decietal.,1994).

ACTIVITYPERCEPTIONQUESTIONNAIRE

Thefollowingitemsconcernyourexperiencewiththetask.Pleaseanswerallitems.Foreachitem,pleaseindicatehowtruethestatementisforyou,usingthefollowingscaleasaguide:

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notatalltruesomewhattrueverytrue

1.Ibelievethatdoingthisactivitycouldbeofsomevalueforme.

2.IbelieveIhadsomechoiceaboutdoingthisactivity.

3.WhileIwasdoingthisactivity,IwasthinkingabouthowmuchIenjoyedit.

4.Ibelievethatdoingthisactivityisusefulforimprovedconcentration.

5.Thisactivitywasfuntodo.

6.Ithinkthisactivityisimportantformyimprovement.

7.Ienjoyeddoingthisactivityverymuch.

8.Ireallydidnothaveachoiceaboutdoingthisactivity.

9.IdidthisactivitybecauseIwantedto.

10.Ithinkthisisanimportantactivity.

11.IfeltlikeIwasenjoyingtheactivitywhileIwasdoingit.

12.Ithoughtthiswasaveryboringactivity.

13.Itispossiblethatthisactivitycouldimprovemystudyinghabits.

14.IfeltlikeIhadnochoicebuttodothisactivity.

15.Ithoughtthiswasaveryinterestingactivity.

16.IamwillingtodothisactivityagainbecauseIthinkitissomewhatuseful.

17.Iwoulddescribethisactivityasveryenjoyable.

18.IfeltlikeIhadtodothisactivity.

19.Ibelievedoingthisactivitycouldbesomewhatbeneficialforme.

20.IdidthisactivitybecauseIhadto.

21.Ibelievedoingthisactivitycouldhelpmedobetterinschool.

22.WhiledoingthisactivityIfeltlikeIhadachoice.

23.Iwoulddescribethisactivityasveryfun.

24.Ifeltlikeitwasnotmyownchoicetodothisactivity.

25.Iwouldbewillingtodothisactivityagainbecauseithassomevaluefor

me.

Scoringinformation.

Beginbyreversescoringitems#8,12,14,18,20,and24bysubtractingtheitemresponsefrom8andusingtheresultastheitemscoreforthatitem.Thencalculatesubscalescoresbyaveragingtheitemsscoresfortheitemsoneachsubscale.Theyareshownbelow.The(R)afteranitemnumberisjustareminderthattheitemscoreisthereverseoftheparticipant’sresponseonthatitem.

Interest/enjoyment:3,5,7,11,12(R),15,17,23

Value/usefulness:1,4,6,10,13,16,19,21,25

Perceivedchoice:2,8(R),9,14(R),18(R),20(R),22,24(R)

SUBJECTIMPRESSIONSQUESTIONNAIRE

Thefollowingsentencesdescribethoughtsandfeelingsyoumayhavehadregardingtheotherpersonwhoparticipatedintheexperimentwithyou.Foreachofthefollowingstatementpleaseindicatehowtrueitisforyou,usingthefollowingscaleasaguide:

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notatalltruesomewhattrueverytrue

1.WhileIwasinteractingwiththisperson,IwasthinkingabouthowmuchI

enjoyedit.

2.Ifeltreallydistanttothisperson.

3.Ididnotfeelatallnervousaboutinteractingwiththisperson.

4.IfeltlikeIhadchoiceaboutinteractingwiththisperson.

5.Iwoulddescribeinteractingwiththispersonasveryenjoyable.

6.IreallydoubtthatthispersonandIwouldeverbecomefriends.

7.Ifoundthispersonveryinteresting.

8.Ienjoyedinteractingwiththispersonverymuch.

9.Ifelttensewhileinteractingwiththisperson.

10.IreallyfeellikeIcouldtrustthisperson.

11.Interactingwiththispersonwasfun.

12.Ifeltrelaxedwhileinteractingwiththisperson.

13.I’dlikeachancetointeractmorewiththisperson.

14.Ididn’treallyhaveachoiceaboutinteractingwiththisperson.

15.Itriedhardtohaveagoodinteractionwiththisperson.

16.I’dreallyprefernottointeractwiththispersoninthefuture.

17.Iwasanxiouswhileinteractingwiththisperson.

18.Ithoughtthispersonwasveryboring.

19.IfeltlikeIwasdoingwhatIwantedtodowhileIwasinteractingwiththis

person.

20.Itriedveryhardwhileinteractingwiththisperson.

21.Idon’tfeellikeIcouldreallytrustthisperson.

22.Ithoughtinteractingwiththispersonwasveryinteresting.

23.Ifeltpressuredwhileinteractingwiththisperson.

24.Ithinkit’slikelythatthispersonandIcouldbecomefriends.

25.IfeltlikeIhadtointeractwiththisperson.

26.Ifeelreallyclosetothisperson.

27.Ididn’tputmuchenergyintointeractingwiththisperson.

28.IinteractedwiththispersonbecauseIhadnochoice.

29.Iputsomeeffortintointeractingwiththisperson.

Scoringinformation.

Beginbyreversescoringitems#2,3,6,12,14,16,18,21,25,27,and28bysubtractingtheitemresponsefrom8andusingtheresultastheitemscoreforthatitem.Thencalculatesubscalescoresbyaveragingtheitemsscoresfortheitemsoneachsubscale.Theyare

shownbelow.The(R)afteranitemnumberisjustareminderthattheitemscoreisthereverseoftheparticipant’sresponseonthatitem.

Relatedness:2(R),6(R),10,13,16(R),21(R),24,26

Interest/enjoyment:1,5,7,8,11,18(R),22

Perceivedchoice:4,14(R),19,25(R),28(R)

Pressure/tension:3(R),9,12(R),17,23,

Effort:15,20,27(R),29

IntrinsicMotivationInventory(IMI)

ScaleDescription|TheScale

DownloadtheIntrinsicMotivationInventorypacketinaWordfile

ScaleDescription

TheIntrinsicMotivationInventory(IMI)isamultidimensionalmeasurementdeviceintendedtoassessparticipants’subjectiveexperiencerelatedtoatargetactivityinlaboratoryexperiments.Ithasbeenusedinseveralexperimentsrelatedtointrinsicmotivationandself-regulation(e.g.,Ryan,1982;Ryan,Mims&Koestner,1983;Plant&Ryan,1985;Ryan,Connell,&Plant,1990;Ryan,Koestner&Deci,1991;Deci,Eghrari,Patrick,&Leone,1994).Theinstrumentassessesparticipants’interest/enjoyment,perceivedcompetence,effort,value/usefulness,feltpressureandtension,andperceivedchoicewhileperformingagivenactivity,thusyieldingsixsubscalescores.Recently,aseventhsubscalehasbeenaddedtotaptheexperiencesofrelatedness,althoughthevalidityofthissubscalehasyettobeestablished.The

interest/enjoymentsubscaleisconsideredtheself-reportmeasureofintrinsicmotivation;thus,althoughtheoverallquestionnaireiscalledtheIntrinsicMotivationInventory,itisonlytheonesubscalethatassessesintrinsicmotivation,perse.Asaresult,the

interest/enjoymentsubscaleoftenhasmoreitemsonitthatdotheothersubscales.Theperceivedchoiceandperceivedcompetenceconceptsaretheorizedtobepositivepredictorsofbothself-reportandbehavioralmeasuresofintrinsicmotivation,andpressure/tensionistheorizedtobeanegativepredictorofintrinsicmotivation.Effortisaseparatevariablethatisrelevanttosomemotivationquestions,soisusedititsrelevant.Thevalue/usefulnesssubscaleisusedininternalizationstudies(e.g.,Decietal,1994),theideabeingthatpeopleinternalizeandbecomeself-regulatingwithrespecttoactivitiesthattheyexperienceasusefulorvaluableforthemselves.Finally,therelatednesssubscaleisusedinstudieshavingtodowithinterpersonalinteractions,friendshipformation,andsoon.

TheIMIconsistsofvariednumbersofitemsfromthesesubscales,allofwhichhavebeenshowntobefactoranalyticallycoherentandstableacrossavarietyoftasks,conditions,andsettings.Thegeneralcriteriaforinclusionofitemsonsubscaleshavebeenafactorloadingofatleast0.6ontheappropriatesubscale,andnocrossloadingsabove0.4.Typically,loadingssubstantiallyexceedthesecriteria.Nonetheless,werecommendthatinvestigatorsperformtheirownfactoranalysesonnewdatasets.Pastresearchsuggeststhatordereffectsofitempresentationappeartobenegligible,andtheinclusionorexclusionofspecificsubscales

appearstohavenoimpactontheothers.Thus,itisrarethatallitemshavebeenusedinaparticularexperiment.Instead,experimentershavechosenthesubscalesthatarerelevanttotheissuestheyareexploring.

TheIMIitemshaveoftenbeenmodifiedslightlytofitspecificactivities.Thus,forexample,anitemsuchas"Itriedveryhardtodowellatthisactivity"canbechangedto"Itriedveryhardtodowellonthesepuzzles"or"...inlearningthismaterial"withouteffectingitsreliabilityorvalidity.Asonecanreadilytell,thereisnothingsubtleabouttheseitems;theyarequite

face-valid.However,inpart,becauseoftheirstraightforwardnature,cautionisneededininterpretation.Wehavefound,forexample,thatcorrelationsbetweenself-reportsofeffortorinterestandbehavioralindicesofthesedimensionsarequitemodest--oftenaround0.4.Likeotherself-reportmeasures,thereisalwaystheneedtoappropriatelyinterprethowandwhyparticipantsreportastheydo.Ego-involvements,self-presentationstyles,reactance,andotherpsychologicaldynamicsmustbeconsidered.Forexample,inastudybyRyan,Koestner,andDeci(1991),wefoundthatwhenparticipantswereegoinvolved,theengagedinpressuredpersistenceduringafreechoiceperiodandthisbehaviordidnotcorrelatewiththeself-reportsofinterest/enjoyment.Infact,weconcludedthattobeconfidentinone’sassessmentofintrinsicmotivation,oneneedstofindthatthefree-choicebehaviorandthe

self-reportsofinterest/enjoymentaresignificantlycorrelated.

Anotherissueisthatofredundancy.Itemswithinthesubscalesoverlapconsiderably,althoughrandomizingtheirpresentationmakesthislesssalienttomostparticipants.Nonetheless,shorterversionshavebeenusedandbeenfoundtobequitereliable.TheincrementalRforeveryitemabove4foranygivenfactorisquitesmall.Still,itisveryimportanttorecognizethatmultipleitemsubscalesconsistentlyoutperformsingleitemsforobviousreasons,andtheyhavebetterexternalvalidity.

OnTheScalepage,therearefivesections.First,thefull45itemsthatmakeupthe7subscalesareshown,alongwithinformationonconstructingyourownIMIandscoringit.Then,therearefourspecificversionsoftheIMIthathavebeenusedinpaststudies.Thisshouldgiveyouasenseofthedifferentwaysithasbeenused.Thesehavedifferentnumbersofitemsanddifferentnumbersofsubscales,andtheyconcerndifferentactivities.First,thereisastandard,22-itemversionthathasbeenusedinseveralstudies,withfoursubscales:interest/enjoyment,perceivedcompetence,perceivedc