经典汉语句子的英译

第4章句子的英译（1）我们的房子是一百多年前建造的。Ourhousewasbuiltoverahundredyearsago.（2）我是北京人。IcomefromBeijing.（3）如果不适当地处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。Exhaustfromboilersandvehicles,unlessproperlytreated,causesairpollutionincities.（4）假日里，青年人双双对对漫步在公园里。Theyoungpeopleinpairsandcouplesrambledabouttheparkonholidays.（5）然而悲惨的皱纹，却也从他的眉头和嘴角出现了。Miserablewrinklesbegantoappearbetweenhiseyebrowsandroundhismouth.（6）如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”，那么，句子便是文章的“基本部件”。Ifvocabularyisthe"buildingmaterials"forlanguage,sentencesare"fundamentalparts"ofwritings.（7）邮差先生走到街上来，手里拿着一大把信。在这小城里他兼任邮务员、售票员，但仍旧有许多剩余时间，每天戴上老花镜，埋头在公案上剪裁花样。Mr.Postmanwouldwalkupthestreetwithabundleoflettersinhishand.Workinginasmalltownaspostmanandstampseller,hestillhadlotsofsparetime.Everydayhewouldsitbendingoverhisdeskscissor-cuttingflowerpatterns,wearingapairofglassesforfarsightedoldpeople.（8）中国有两点是靠得住的，一是讲原则，二是说话算数。（邓小平）Chinacanbecountedon.Amongotherthings,first,itupholdsprinciplesandsecond,ithonorsitswords.（9）人有失错，马有漏蹄。Asahorsemaytumble,soamanmaymakemistakes.（10）欢乐的人群宛如大海的波涛，从街道上汹涌而过。Thejubilantcrowdsurgedthroughthestreetsliketheseawaves.（11）他的身材魁梧，生一副大长方脸，嘴巴阔大，肌肤呈着紫檀色。Hewasagiantofamanwithalongsquareface,awidemouthandacomplexionsuffusedwiththecolourofredsandalwood.（12）①鲁迅的骨头是最硬的，②他没有丝毫的奴颜和媚骨，③这是殖民地半殖民地人民最可宝贵的性格。LuHsunwasamanofunyieldingintegrity,freefromallsycophancyorobsequiousness;thisqualityisinvaluableamongcolonialandsemi-colonialpeoples.（13）幸亏这些青年妇女，白洋淀长大的，她们摇得小船飞快。小船活像开了水皮的一条打跳的梭鱼。Itwasluckythatalltheseyoungwiveshadgrownupbytheriver:theirboatwentlikethewind.Itshotforwardlikesomeflyingfish,hardlyskimmingthewater.将theirboat替换“她们”作主语，是便于与后一句的It（指“小船”）照应。（14）世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。a.TheturnofthecenturyfindsChinamostactiveonthediplomaticarena.b.Attheturnofthecentury,Chinaisveryactiveinitsdiplomaticactivities.（15）一九六四年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，使世界大为震惊。a.China'sfirstatomicblastinOctober,1964wasagreatshocktotherestoftheworld.b.InOctober,1964,Chinablasteditsfirstatomicbomb,whichshockedtherestoftheworldgreatly.（16）胎又瘪了。We'vegotanotherflattire.（17）树缝里也漏着一两点路灯光，没精打采的，是渴睡人的眼。Hereandthereafewraysfromstreet-lampsfilteredthroughthetrees,listlessastheeyesofonewhoisdozing.（18）人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。a.Itisimpossibletojudgepeoplefromtheirappearance,andimpossibletomeasuretheoceanbypints.b.Wecan'tjudgepeoplefromtheirappearance,justaswecan'tmeasuretheoceanbypints.。（19）到了济南府，进得城来，家家泉水，户户垂杨，比那江南风景，觉得更为有趣。WhenhereachedJinanandenteredthecity,therewereflowingstreamsbyeveryhouseandwillowtreesbyeverydoor,whichdelightedhimevenmorethanthesceneryofthesouth.（20）沉默呵，沉默呵！不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。Silence,silence!Unlessweburstout,weshallperishinthissilence!It'sblowinghard.（22）用劳动实现自己的理想，用理想指导自己的劳动。Yourealizeyouridealsthroughlabourandyouguideyourlabourbyideals.（23）不懂就是不懂，不要装懂。不要摆官架子。钻进去，几个月，一年两年，三年五年，总可以学会的。Wemustnotpretendtoknowwhenwedonotknow.Wemustnotputonbureaucraticairs.Ifwedigintoasubjectforseveralmonths,forayearortwo,forthreeorfiveyears,weshalleventuallymasterit.（24）出了院门，四顾一望，并无二色，远远的是青松翠竹，自己却似装在玻璃盆内一般。于是走至山坡之下，顺着山脚刚转过去，已闻得一股含香扑鼻，回头一看，却是妙玉那边栊翠庵中有十数株红梅，如胭脂一般，映着雪色，分外显得精神，好不有趣。Onceoutsidehisowngatehegazedround.Allwaswhiteexceptforsomegreenpinesandemeraldbamboosinthedistance,sothathehadthesensationofbeinginacrystalbowl.Asheroundedthefootoftheslopehesmeltacoldfragranceand,lookingoverhisshoulder,sawadozenorsocrimsonplumtreesinGreenLatticeNunnerywhereMiaoyulived,theirblossom,redasrouge,reflectedinthesnowandremarkablyvividagainstit.（1）中央政府不干预香港特别行政区的事务。a.TheCentralGovernmenthasrefrainedfrominterveningintheaffairsoftheHKSAR.b.TheCentralGovernmenthasneverintervenedintheaffairsoftheHKSAR.（2）中国经济将融入世界经济的大潮。a.TheeconomyofChinawillmergeintothetideoftheworldeconomy.b.TheeconomyofChinawillconvergewiththatoftheworld.（3）这事到了现在，还是时时记起。a.Evennow,thisremainsfreshinmymemory.b.Evennow,Istilloftenthinkaboutthis.（4）世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。a.TheturnofthecenturyfindsChinamostactiveonthediplomaticarena.b.Attheturnofthecentury,Chinaisveryactiveinitsdiplomaticactivities.（5）（听说你明天开张，）也许用的着，特意给你送来了。a.(Ihearthatyou'reopeningtomorrow.)Youmayhavesomeuseforthesethings,soItookthemalong.b.(Ihearthatyou'reopeningtomorrow.)Thoughtthesemightcomeinhandy,soIbroughtthemalong.（6）现在，连我们也欠饷啊！a.Nowadaysevenourmonthlypayisofteninarrears.b.Nowadaysevenwearen'talwayspaidontime.（7）在同新闻界谈话的时候，上海人使用越来越多的最高级形容词。a.Whentheytalktothepress,theShanghaicitizensusemoreandmoreadjectivesofthesuperlativedegree.b.YoucanhearShanghaipeopleusingmoreandmoreadjectivesofthesuperlativedegreewhentheytalktothepress.（8）（现在上海人的传统形象开始起了变化，）他们的言语和行动都充满了信心和自豪。a.Theirwordsandactionsarefilledwithconfidenceandpride.b.Theyareconfidentandproudintheirspeechesandactions.（9）我又闲了一个多月啦！a.I'vebeenidleforanothermonthnow.b.AnothermonthnowandI'vehadnowork.（10）（颐和园）1900年遭八国联军破坏，（至1903年才得以修复）。a.Thepalacewasreducedtoruinsbythealliedforcesoftheeightforeignpowers.b.Thepalacesufferedravageinthehandsofthealliedforcesoftheeightforeignpowers.。（11）她们（指“时装模特”）逐渐地镇定下来，有了自信。a.Theygraduallycalmeddown,restoredself-confidence,and...b.Gradually,theycalmeddownandregainedself-confidence.（12）封建社会代替奴隶社会，资本主义代替封建主义，社会主义经历一个过程发展后必然代替资本主义。Feudalsocietyreplacedslavesociety,capitalismsupplantedfeudalism,and,afteralongtime,socialismwillnecessarilysupersedecapitalism.（13）（一个世纪以来，中国人民在前进道路上经历了三次历史性的巨大变化……）第一次是辛亥革命，……第二次是中华人民共和国的成立，……第三次是改革开放……ThefirstchangewasrepresentedbytheRevolutionof1911...ThesecondchangewasmarkedbythefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina...Thethirdchangewasfeaturedbythereform,openingup...（14）一年年，燕子来了去了一年年，阶前草绿了黄了Yearafteryeartheswallowscomeandgo;Yearafteryearthegrassbeforetheterracegrowsgreen,yellows.（15）九斤老太早已做过八十大寿，仍然不平而且康健。六斤的双丫角，已经成为一支大辫子了。OldMrs.Ninepoundercelebratedhereightiethbirthdaysometimeagoandisasfullofcomplaints,ashaleandheartyasever.Sixpounder'stwintuftsofhairhavechangedintoathickbraid.（16）他给我的印象是，态度非常呆板僵硬，仿佛肚子里吞下了一根拨火棒似的。Hehadgivenmetheimpressionofabsoluterigidity,asthoughhehadswallowedapoker.（17）河边枯柳树下的几株瘦削的一丈红，该是村女种的吧。Thefewsparsehollyhocksbeneaththewitheredwillowsbythestreammusthavebeenplantedbythecountrygirls.（18）农业搞好了，农民能自给，五亿人口就稳定了。a.Ifagricultureisingoodshapeandthepeasantsself-supporting,thenthe500millionpeoplewillfeelsecure.b.Ifagricultureisingoodshapeandthepeasantsareself-supporting,thenthe500millionpeoplewillfeelsecure.（19）思想……是炉火，炉火是墙上的树影，是冬夜的声音。Thoughts...Arethefireinastove,Thefireinastoveisthetree'sshadowonthewall.Andthesoundinthewinternight.（20）关于如何改进市民的居住条件问题市政府给予了充分重视。a.Fullattentionhasbeenpaidbythemunicipalgovernmenttotheimprovementofthehousingconditionsoftheurbaninhabitants.b.Themunicipalgovernmenthaspaidfullattentiontothehousingconditionsoftheurbaninhabitants.（21）液体的形状总是随着容器的变化而变化，因为液体没有自己的固定形状。换言之，无论你把它放在什么样的容器中，它的形状总是和容器内壁的形状完全一样。Sincealiquidhasnodefinitionshapeofitsown,itvariesinshapefromcontainertocontainer.Inotherwords,inwhatevercontaineritispoured,theliquidwilltakeexactlytheinteriorshapeofthecontainer.（1）中国的批评界怎样的趋势，我却不大了然，也不很注意。Iamnottooclear,nottoointerested,either,regardingcurrenttrendsinChina'sliterarycriticism.（2）沙发上坐着一个人。Amanwassittingonacouch.（3）马可•波罗的中国之行，给他留下最深刻印象的是杭州西湖之秀美。ThebeautyoftheWestLakeinHangzhouwaswhatimpressedMarcoPolomostduringhistriptoChina.（4）早晨的公园里，遛鸟者时常可见。a.Earlyintheparksweoftenseepeoplewalkwithcagedbirdsinhand.b.Takingawalkinparkswithcagedbirdsinhandisacommonsceneintheearlymorning.（5）生日是自己长大以后听家里人说的，……Iwastoldaboutmybirthdaybymyfoster-parentswhenIgrewup.（5）我们明天上午九时动身。Wearegoingtostartatninetomorrowmorning.（6）这本书是三天前买的。Thebookwasboughtthreedaysago.（7）他每晚都要看电视。HewatchesTVeverymorning.（8）武当山终年云雾缭绕。SeasofcloudsenshroudthepeaksofMt.Wudangthroughouttheyear.（10）在机器中很多能量是由于部件之间的摩擦而损失的。Inamachineagreatdealofenergyislostbecauseofthefrictionbetweenitsparts.（11）他们很细心地观察化学变化。a.Theyobservedthechemicalreactionwithgreatcare.b.Theyobservedwithgreatcarethechemicalreaction.（12）他们肩并肩地以疯狂速度向那座石塔奔去。a.Theyransidebysideatafantasticspeedtowardsthestonepagoda.b.Sidebysideandatafantasticspeedtheyrantowardsthestonepagoda.c.Sidebysidetheyranatafantasticspeedtowardsthestonepagoda.（13）大会将于①今年九月②在北京③隆重开幕。Themeetingwillbegin③ceremoniously②inBeijing①thefollowingSeptember.（14）他①每晚②都在图书馆③用心读书。Hereads③hard②inthelibrary①everyevening.（15）他①一九三五年②八月③二十二日④早晨⑤六点三十分诞生在(1)湖南的(2)一个小县城。Hewasborn(2)inasmalltown(1)ofHunanProvince⑤atsixthirty④onthemorningof②August③22,①1935.（16）设在位于①纽约市②中心③一座摩天大楼④第四十层楼里的⑤那间办公室，就是他工作的小天地。⑤Theoffice④onthefortiethfloor③ofaskyscraper②inthecenter①ofNewYorkistheworldheworksin.（17）浩瀚的大海thevastsea（18）古老的中原文化Thetime-honouredCentralPlainculture（19）举世闻名的万里长城theworld-famousGreatWall（20）一九四九年解放以前，中国人民曾经遭受①世界罕见的②恶性通货膨胀的灾祸。Beforeliberationin1949theChinesepeoplesufferedfrom②someoftheworstinflation①theworldhadeverknown.（21）正月十五元宵夜，街上挂着①各式各样②精巧的灯笼。OntheeveningoftheLanternFestival,the15thofthefirstlunarmonth,②exquisitelanterns①ofdiversedesignsarehungalongthestreets.（22）①避暑山庄和北京的故宫、山东曲阜的孔庙一样，②是中国保存最完好的古代建筑群，③也是中国现存规模最大的古典皇家园林。TheSummerPalaceofChengdeisoneofthethreebest-preservedmagnificentancientarchitecturalcomplexesinChina,theothertwobeingtheforbiddenCityinBeijingandtheConfucianTempleinQufuofShandongProvince.（23）卢沟桥位于北京广安门外约10公里处的丰台区永定河口。LugouBridgespanstheYongdingRivermouthatFengtaiDistrict,abouttenkilometersfromGuanganmenwaiStreetofBeijing.（24）①中国现存②规模最大、③保存最完好的古代建筑群③thebest-preserved②magnificentancientarchitecturalcomplexes③inChina（25）山东曲阜是①中国②古代③著名的思想家、教育家孔子的故乡。Qufu,ShandongProvince,isthebirthplaceofConfucius,a③well-renowned②ancient①Chinesethinkerandteacher.（26）①我走过地板时，②一块板子吱吱作响。AboardcreakedasIcrossedthefloor..（27）①佗用刀刮骨，②悉悉有声。②Theknifemadeathin,①gratingsoundasitscrapedthesurface.（28）①如果说白天广州像座翡翠城，②那么当太阳沉没，③广州就成了一颗夜明珠，④灯光如海，⑤千街闪烁。①IfGuangzhouislikeacityofjadeiteinthedaytime,③itbecomesaluminouspearl,④withaseaoflightstwinkling⑤inthestreets②afterthesunsetsinthewest.。（29）①女主人已经离开人世，②再没有人喂它了。③它好像已经意识到这一点。③Hemusthavebeenaware②thatnobodywasgoingtofeedhim①afterthedeathofhismistress.。（1）我认为他不够格。Idon’tthinkheisqualified.（2）这房子尽管富丽堂皇，但是住起来一点也不舒服。Withallitsmagnificence,thehouseisnotatallcomfortabletolivein.（3）液体没有固定的形状，气体也没有。Liquidshavenodefiniteshape;norhavegases.（4）如果没有摩擦，运动的物体永远不会停止。Amovingobjectwouldnevercometoastopiftherewerenofriction.（5）水淀里没有一个人影，只有一团白绸子样的水鸟，也躲开鬼子往北飞去，落到大荷叶下面歇凉去了。Nooneelsewasinsight.Onlyaflockofsilkywhitewater-fowlflewofftothenorthawayfromtheJapanesesoldiers,alightingtorestintheshadeofbiglotusleaves.（6）（与此同时，上海人也清醒地认识到，）不能沾沾自喜以“老大”自居。InnowwayshouldtheybecomecomplacentandposeasNo.1inthecountry.（7）那位老人能在大风大浪中不停地游泳达三个小时以上。Theoldmancouldswimcontinuouslyingreatstormsformorethanthreehours.（8）人民军队离不开人民，就像鱼儿离不开水一样。Thepeopleistothepeople'sarmywhatwateristofish.（9）密云水库……远山叠翠，绿波万顷，和我记忆中的太湖不相上下。TheMiyunReservoir...WithitsvastareaofgreenwavesandrowuponrowofverdantmountainsinthedistancecanbeequallymatchedwiththeTaihulakeinmymemory.Heisaboveblame.（11）他化学测验不及格。Hefailedthetestinchemistry.（12）我们不能让孩子们上河里游泳。Wemustkeepthekidsfromswimmingintheriver.（13）这尊雕像历经大地震后毫发未损，仍然矗立。Thestatuesurvivedthegreatearthquake,remainedintactandwasstillstandingthere.（14）谅你不敢这么干。Dothatagainifyoudare.（15）你借钱给那个无赖，不啻把钱丢在海里。Youmightaswellthrowyourmoneyintotheseaaslendittothatrascal.（16）女孩儿未出嫁，是颗无价宝珠；……Agirlbeforemarriageisapreciouspearl.（17）子曰：“不患人之不己知，患不知人也。”TheMastersaid,(thegoodman)doesnotgrievethatotherpeopledonotrecognizehismerits.Hisonlyanxietyislestheshouldfailtorecognizetheirs.（18）名不正则言不顺，言不顺则事不成，……Iflanguageisincorrect,thenwhatissaiddoesnotconcordwithwhatwasmeant;andifwhatissaiddoesnotconcordwithwhatwasmeant,whatistobedonecannotbeeffected.（19）我想：希望本无所谓有，无所谓无。Ithought:hopecannotbesaidtoexist,norcanitbesaidnottoexist.（20）不看秦始皇兵马俑，不算真正到过中国。a.AtravelerwhohasnotseentheQinDynastyterracottafigurescannotclaimtohavevisitedChina.b.NoonewhohasnotseentheQinDynastyterracottafigurescanclaimtohavevisitedChina.（21）他在这上面费了很多力。Hetooknolittlepainoverit.（22）我对你万分感激。Icouldn'tthankyouenough.（23）完全同意。Icouldn'tagreemore.（24）直到喷气发动机发明以后，飞机才能以超音速的速度飞行。Notuntiltheinventionofthejetenginecouldairplanestravelatsupersonicspeeds.（25）智者千虑必有一失。Eventhewisearenotalwaysfreefromerrors.（1）窗前有棵老榆树，榆钱儿正密，一串串在枝上垂着，有几只刚出巢的蜜蜂，围着榆枝乱飞，不住的嗡嗡的叫着。Anoldelmbeforethehousewashungwiththickclustersofseedsandsomebeesjustoutofthehivewereflyingroundit,keepingupacontinuoushum.（2）①广东省阳春县境内多是石灰岩地质，②由于长期的江水浸渍和风化作用，③形成了大量峥嵘挺拔的山峰和幽深莫测的溶洞。Calcareousstructure,watererosionandweatheringcontributedtomanyloftypeaksanddeepsecludedkarstcavesinYangchunCounty,GuangdongProvince.（3）①我家门前有些摆摊儿的，都是生意人。②大凡生意人都懂得“一步差三市”的道理。③就是说，别看你的店只和人家差了三步，但景气的程度要差了很多，也许人家的铺子红火热闹，你的铺子却开不了张。①Infrontofmyhousethereareafewstallsrunbystreetvendors.②Streetvendorsallknowthepopularsaying:“Locationsmakeadifferenceinbusiness.”③Thatistosay,evenifyourstallstandssidebysidewithsomeoneelse’sintheneighbourhood,yourneighbourmayattractaconstantstreamofshoppers,butyours,unfortunately,isvisitedbyfew.（4）①大概是物以稀为贵罢。②北京的白菜运往浙江，便用红头绳系住菜根，倒挂在水果店头，尊为“胶菜”；福建野生着的芦荟，一到北京就进温室，且美其名曰“龙舌兰”。③我到仙台也颇受了这样的优待，不但不收学费，几个职员还为我的食宿操心。Nodoubttherarerathingthehigherthevalue.WhenBeijingCabbageisshippedtoZhejiang,itishungupside-downinthegreengrocer’sbyaredstringtiedtotheroot,andgiventhegrandtitle“ShandongVegetable”.WhenthealoewhichgrowswildinFujiancomestoBeijing,itisusheredintoahothouseandgiventhebeautifulname"DragonTongueOrchid".InSendaiItooenjoyedsuchpreferentialtreatment;notonlydidtheschoolnotaskforfees,butseveralmembersofthestaffevenshowedgreatconcernovermyboardandlodging.（1）记者问：“2008年奥运会点燃圣火的时候，您会在开幕式现场吗？”何振梁回答说：“只要我身体还行，我一定会去开幕式的。”WhentheholyfireoftheOlympicGamesof2008islit,willyoubeatthesceneoftheopeningceremony?"askedareporter."Ifmyphysicalconditionpermits,Iwilldefinitelybethere."（2）子贡曰：“贫而无谄，富而无骄，何如？”子曰：“可也。未若贫而乐道，富而好礼者也。”Tzu-kungsaid,"Poorwithoutcadging,richwithoutswagger.Whatofthat?"TheMastersaid,"Notbad.Butbetterstill,'Poor,yetdelightingintheWay,rich,yetastudentofritual.'"原文中的“我”是一个年幼天真、不谙世事的小姑娘。大人戏谑地问她为啥跟在姐姐身后拣麦穗时，她天真地答道要备嫁妆，嫁给那个挑担卖灶糖的老汉。于是就有了以上的问和答。（4）余曰：“唐以诗取士，而诗之宗匠必推李杜。卿爱宗何人？”芸发议曰：“杜诗锤炼精纯，李诗潇洒落拓；与其学杜之森严，不如学李之活泼。”"Poetrywasused,"Isaid,"asaliterarytestintheimperialexaminationsoftheT'angDynasty,andpeopleacknowledgeLiPoandTuFuasthemasterpoets.Whichofthetwodoyoulikebetter?""Tu'spoems,"shesaid,"areknownfortheirworkmanshipandartisticrefinement,whileLi'spoemsareknownfortheirfreedomandnaturalnessofexpression.IpreferthevivacityofLiPototheseverityofTuFu."（5）①这个上帝不是别人，就是全中国的人民大众。②全国人民大众一齐起来和我们一道挖这两座山，有什么挖不平呢？OurGodisnoneotherthanthemassesoftheChinesepeople.Iftheystandupanddigtogetherwithus,whycan'tthesetwomountainsbeclearedaway?（6）大抵世上无难为的事，只胡乱做将去，自有水到渠成日子。如子髯之才，天下事何不可为？Allinall,nothinginthisworldisthathardtodo--justchargeaheadanddoit!Adaywillinevitablycomewhen"theditchwillbedugandthewatersflowthrough."Foramanwithtalentlikeyours,thereisnothingintheworldthatisimpossible.（7）“把女儿当东西卖！”这句话是那样刺伤了她的心，又是那样地熟悉！是谁在女儿一样的年纪含着女儿一样的激情喊过？是谁？——唉唉！不是别人，正是她自己呀！……Sellingyourdaughterlikesomemerchandise!"Thesewordsthathaddeeplywoundedherwere,nevertheless,familiartoher.WhowasitwhoataroundHuangmei'sage,andwihtthesameoutragedvehemencehadutteredthoseve