化学常见过量与少量方程式总结

——整理机构：高考逆袭班（）— （浓）=Cu(NO3)2+2NO2↑+2H2OZn+H2SO4（稀）=ZnSO4+H2↑KI+=Na2S+2FeCl3=2NaCl+2FeCl2+S↓Na2S+Fe(OH)3（胶体）+3滴HCl→红褐色沉淀硅胶+3滴NaOH→白色沉淀SiO2AlCl3+3NaOH=Al(OH)3↓+3NaClNaAlO2+H2O+HCl=Al(OH)3↓+NaClAl(OH)3+3HCl=AlCl3+3H2ONaAlO2+4HCl=AlCl3+NaCl+2H2ONaAlO2+2H2O+CO2=Al(OH)3↓+NaHCO3KAl(SO4)2+2Ba(OH)2=2BaSO4↓+KAlO2+2H2OCa(OH)2+CO2=CaCO3H2OCa(OH)2+2CO2=Ca(HCO3)2CaCO3+H2O+CO2=Ca(HCO3)2注意NaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+H2O+CO2↑Ba(OH)2+NaHCO3=BaCO3NaOH+H2ONaOH+NaHCO3=Na2CO3+H2ONa2CO3+Ba(OH)2=BaCO3↓+2NaOHNaHCO3+Ba(OH)2==BaCO3↓+NaOH+H2OBa(OH)2+NH4HCO3=BaCO3↓+NH3•H2O+H2ONH3•H2O+NH4HCO3=(NH4)2CO3+H2O2NH4HCO3+Ba(OH)2=(NH4)2CO3+BaCO3↓+2H2O(NH4)2CO3+Ba(OH)2=BaCO3↓+2NH3•H2ONH4HCO3+Ba(OH)2=BaCO3↓+NH3•H2O+H2OCa(HCO3)2+NaOH=CaCO3↓+NaHCO3+H2ONaHCO3+NaOH=Na2CO3+H2ONa2CO3+Ca(HCO3)2=CaCO3↓+2NaHCO3NaOH+Ca(HCO3)2=CaCO3↓+NaHCO3+H2OMg(HCO3)2+Ca(OH)2=MgCO3↓+CaCO3↓+2H2OMgCO3+Ca(OH)2=Mg(OH)2↓+CaCO3↓Na2HPO4+NaOH=Na3PO4+H2OH3PO4+3NaOH=Na3PO4+3H2O3NaOH+2Na3PO4+H3PO4=3Na2HPO4Na2HPO4+H3PO4=2NaH2PO4NaOH+H3PO4=NaH2PO4+H2OCa(H2PO4)2+Ca(OH)2=2CaHPO4↓+2H2OH3PO4+Ca(OH)2=CaHPO4↓+2H2O2H3PO4+3Ca(OH)2=Ca3(PO4)2↓+6H2O①<0.5时，没沉淀，产物是0.5～1时，有沉淀，产物是Ca(H2PO4)2和③=11～1.5时，有沉淀，产物是CaHPO4⑤=1.5时，有沉淀，产物是Ca3(PO4)2+H3PO4=3CaHPO4CaHPO4+H3PO4=Ca(H2PO4)2Ca(OH)2+H3PO4=CaHPO4↓+2H2OCa(OH)2+2H3PO4=Ca(H2PO4)2+2H2OH2S+NaOH=NaHS+H2ONaHS+NaOH=Na2S+H2OH2S+2NaOH=Na2S+2H2O2NaOH+H2S=Na2S+2H2O NaOH+H2S=NaHSCa(OH)2+SO2=CaSO3↓+H2O Ca(OH)2+2SO2==Ca(HSO3)22H2SO3+Ca(OH)2=Ca(HSO3)2+2H2OBa(OH)2+NaHSO4=BaSO4↓+NaOH+H2ONaOH+NaHSO4=Na2SO4+H2O2NaHSO4+Ba(OH)2=BaSO4↓+Na2SO4+H2ONa2SO4+Ba(OH)2=BaSO4↓+2NaOHNaHSO4+Ba(OH)2=BaSO4↓+NaOH+H2ONaHSO3+HCl=NaCl+H2O+SO2Na2SO3+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O+SO23NaOH+AlCl3=Al(OH)3法也可以氢氧化铝沉淀。4HCl+NaAlO2=NaCl+AlCl3+2H2OHCl+NaAlO2+H2O=Al(OH)3↓+NaClAgNO3+NH3•H2O=AgOH↓+NH4NO3AgOH+2NH3•H2O=[Ag(NH3)2]OH+2H2O转化成A