高中英语语法-分词

高中英语语法-分词第一页，共10页。分词具有动词、形容词和副词的特征分词可以带状语，及物动词的分词可以带宾语分词的特征第一页第二页，共10页。语态形式及物动词writeVi.go主动语态被动语态主动语态现在分词一般式writingbeingwrittengoing完成式havingwrittenhavingbeenwrittenhavinggone过去分词writtengone说明及物动词过去分词有被动及完成的意义，不及物动词的过去分词没有被动的意义。分词的否定形式由not+分词构成。分词在句中作定语、状语、表语和补语。对比两类动词、两种分词形式的第二页第三页，共10页。1.现在分词一般式主动语态：表示分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行。eg.Crusoehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.Laughingandtalking,theywentoutofthehall.Didyounoticehishandshaking?2.现在分词完成式主动语态：表示分词的动作在谓语动词的动作之前已经完成。eg.Havingfinishedhisbreakfast,hetookhisfishingthingsandwentintohisboat.Nothavingdoneitright,Itriedagain.现在分词第三页第四页，共10页。3.现在分词一般式被动语态：表示一个被动动作正在进行。eg.ThecarbeingrepairedbelongstoMr.Smith.4.现在分词完成式被动语态：表示分词的动作在谓语动词的动作之前已经完成。eg.Thelargebuildingbeingbuiltdownthestreetwillbeahospital.Havingbeenshownthelabs,weweretakentoseethelibrary.Havingbeenquestioned,themurdererwasthrownintoprison.第四页第五页，共10页。

过去分词只有一个形式，及物动词的过去分词有完成和被动的意义；不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成的意义，而没有被动的意义。

eg.Thevisitorslookedsurprised.Areyoumarriedorsingle?Shehadherhairdressedyesterday.Youmayhaveyourworkdoneifyouaretoobusy.Heated,waterwillchangeintosteam.Encouragedbyhisteacher’swords,Robbytriedagainandsucceededintheend.过去分词第五页第六页，共10页。分词和分词短语的用法1.作定语单纯分词作定语前置，分词短语作定语后置。eg.Askthechildrentokeepawayfromtherunningmachine.ThemangivingatalkisaprofessorfromtheUSA.MissGreenisateacherlovedbyallthestudents.Theboycryingtherelosthiswayhome.Theboilingwaterisgivingoutsteam.Thepeople

injured

intheaccidentlastweekarestillinhospital..第六页第七页，共10页。Livinginthenextdoor,Iknowhimverywell.Notknowingwhattodo,

heturnedtohisfather.Havingbeensetfree,thedoctordiscoveredtheterriblewrongsthatthenobleshaddonetothepoor.Themangotonataxi,takingasuitcaseinhishand.Surroundedbyalotofnewsmen,themayorofthecityfelthehadtosaysomething.Deeplymovedbythestory,

theireyeswerefulloftears.Helpedbyherfriend,

sheworkedouttheproblemintheend..表示时间、伴随、方式、原因等。eg.2.

作状语第七页第八页，共10页。3.

作表语说明主语怎么样。

eg.ThewholefamilyfeltexcitedaboutGrandpa’sarrival.Thestorysoundsveryexciting.Thelittleboyseemedfrightened.Hewassoexcitedatthegoodnewsthathecouldhardlyfallasleep..Thattheyhadwonthegamewassurprising.Whatthefatherhadsaidwasreallyencouraging.P