中考宝典广东省中考英语 语法考点复习 动词语态课件

动词的语态中考语法语态概述 英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态〔theActiveVoice〕和被动语态〔thePassiveVoice〕。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.当我们不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁或者强调突出动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。考点分布〔1〕一般现在时的被动语态〔2〕一般过去时的被动语态〔3〕一般将来时的被动语态〔4〕一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态考点梳理考点一被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词〞构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规那么与be作为连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的肯定式、否认式及疑问式列表如下：句式句型结构例句肯定句主语+be+过去分词+（by…）Heisoftenaskedtodothiswork(byhisboss).否定句主语+benot+过去分词+（by…）Iamnotinvitedtotheparty(byhim).一般疑问句Be+主语+过去分词+（by…）？Areyourclotheswashedbyyourself?特殊疑问句疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+（by…）？Whatisthissweatermadeof?考点梳理考点二被动语态的用法：(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用by＋动作执行者短语。如：

Such

books

are

written

for

children.

这些书是为儿童写的。

(2)强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。

The

cup

was

broken

by

David.

这个杯子被大卫打碎了。

(3)做客观说明时,常采用一种被动语态句型：It’s

/

was

said

/

believed

/

reported

/

+

that

…据说/据报道……如：It’s

reported

that

about

three

hundred

people

were

killed

in

this

earthquake.考点梳理考点四使用中应注意的几个问题(1)有两个宾语的句子的被动语态〔直接宾语，间接宾语〕

常见的接双宾语的动词有：give,teach,pay,tell,buy,show,lend,write,pass等。

通常这种句子可以改为以“人〞当主语和以“物〞当作主语的两种被动语态。如：He

gave

me

a

book.

－I

was

given

a

book

by

him.(以I做主语)

－A

book

was

given

to

me

by

him.

(以物book作主语)【考点精练】5.He

teaches

us

English.

________________________________(以人当主语)________________________________(以物作主语)WearetaughtEnglish(byhim).Englishistaughttous(byhim).考点梳理〔2〕英语中有“十大动词〞的说法，即feel,hear,listen

to,have,make,let(让、使)

,

lookat,

watch,see,notice，这些词在主动语态中，其后的动词不定式不加to，但在变被动语态时必须加to。如：I

saw

him

go

into

the

office

building.

—Hewasseentogointotheofficebuilding.【考点精练】6.IheardJohnleavetheroom.

—____________________________________.Johnwasheardtoleavetheroom.考点梳理〔3〕动词短语变被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。这类动词短语有：lookafter,lookat,takecareof,putup,takeaway,goover,payattentionto,cutdown,laughat等。如：They

take

good

care

of

my

child.

=Mychildwastakengoodcareof(bythem).

I

turned

off

the

radio.

=Theradiowasturnedoff.【考点精练】7.Sallyworkedoutalltheproblems.________________________________________.8.Youcan’ttakethemagazinesoutofthereadingroom._________________________________________.Theproblemswereworkedout(byher)

Themagazinescan’tbetakenoutofthereadingroom考点梳理〔4〕有些动词表被动意义,不强调动作。特别主语为物时。常见的动词有sell,write,wash等。如：Thesenovelswon’tsellwell.这些小说不好卖。Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.这种布容易洗〔5〕连系动词如feel,look,smell,taste,sound等用主动形式表被动。如：Thefishtastesgood.(6)不及物动词happen,takeplace没有被动语态。如：GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinDongguaninthelastfewyears.考点梳理()9.Theoldmanwasquiteweakaftertheaccident,sohe_____________. A.mustlookafter B.mustbetakencare C.mustbelookedafter D.musttakecareof()10.Amodelship____hissonbyMrMore. A.wasmadefor B.wasmadeto C.madefor D.makesfor()11.Thiskindofsweater_______verysoft. A.isfelt B.feels C.feel D.isfeelingCA【考点精练】B考点梳理()12.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_______,todayhewasmade_____byher. A.cry;tocry B.crying;crying C.cry;cry D.tocry;cry()13.When________theaccident__________? A.was;happened B.has;happened C.was;happening D.did;happen()14.Thiskindofrecorder_________well. A.hasbeensold B.issold C.sells D.willbesoldAD【考点精练】C考点梳理g.want/need/require+动名词用主动表被动。如：Thedoorisbroken,itneedsrepairing.=Thedoorisbroken,itneedtoberepaired.门坏了，需要修理。考点梳理考点五记住一些常用词组:1.被用来做某事beusedfordoingsth.2.由…制造 bemadeof/from+(原材料)3.在某地制造 bemadein(aplace)4.装满 befullof/befilledwithsth.5.被…覆盖 becoveredwith6.据说… It’ssaidthat…7.被迫做某事 bemadetodosth.8.被听到作某事beheardtodosth.9.被看见作某事