医学英语写作与翻译-材料与方法

医学英语写作与翻译材『资料』料与方法整理ppt材料与方法1.Howtowritethematerialsandmethodssection2.FollowtheguidelinesbelowforwritingagoodMaterialsandMethodssection◊Writemostofthesectioninthepasttense.◊Organizeitinchronologicalorder.◊ConstructsubheadingsthatcorrespondtothosetobeusedintheResultssection.◊Bepreciseandconcise.StudySubjects◊Presentinclusionandexlcusinocriteriaforselectingthesubjectsstudied.◊Givedetailsofallrelevantcharacteristicsofthestudysubjectsandofanycontrolsubjects.◊Givedetailsofinformedconsentproceduresifhumansubjectsareinvolved.Materials◊Giveexacttechnicalspecificationsofthematerialsused.◊Donotuseproprietary(专卖的，专利的)namesunlessthepropertiesofaparticularproprietaryproductwereimportanttotheexperiment.◊Givethegenus[5dVi:nEs](种,类),speciesandstrainofanyanimals,plants,etc.usedinthestudy.Methods◊Describewhatyoudid.◊Givesufficientdetailtopermitotherresearchworkersinthefieldtoreplicateyourwork.◊Describestatisticalmethods.◊Mentionawellestablishedmethodbyname,orbygivinganappropriatereference.整理ppt材料与方法

ReadthefollowingexampleMaterialsandMethodssectionandfamiliarizeyourselfwiththelayout:MethodsPatientsThirty-sixconsecutivepatientsunderwenthearttransplantationbythemidatrial-cufftechniquebetweenAugust1992andJune1993.Ninepatientswerenotenrolledinthestudy;fivepatientshadmultiplemedicallimitationsafterprolongedhospitalization,andfourpatientsdeclinedtoparticipate.Withintwoweeksaftertransplantation,informedconsentwasobtainedfromtheremaining27patients,whowererandomlyassigned(byselectionofsealedenvelopes)eithertoagroputhatparticipatedinanexercisetrainingprograminanoutpatientcardiac-rehabilitationsetting(exercisegroup,14patients)ortoacontrolgroup(13patients).Thecontrolgroupreceivedwrittenguidelinesforexercisebutparticipatedinnoformal,supervisedexercisesessionsafterdischargefromthehospital.整理ppt材料与方法Allthepatitentsweretreatedwithtriple-drugimmunosuppression,includingcyclosporine,(环孢霉素)azathioprine((硝基)咪唑硫嘌呤),andprednisone.Thedosageofprednisonewasinitially1mgperkilogramofbodyweightperday,givenindivideddoses,andwasgraduallydecreasedto0.1mgperkilogramperdaybysixmonthsaftertransplantation.Episodesofcardiacrejectionweretreatedwithanoralbolus(〔大〕药丸)doseofprednisoneandthentapered(逐渐减少)dosesand,forclinicallysevererejection,withOKT3murinemonoclonalantibody(muromonab-CD3).Episodesofrejecitnandinfectionwererecorded,andbloodpressure,renalfunction,andweightgainevaluatedinbothgroupsofpatientsduringthestudy.Cardiacfunctionwasassessedwithechocardiographyandright-heartcatheterizationatbaselinednatasix-monthfollow-upexamination.

整理ppt材料与方法ExerciseProgramAtthetimeofentryintothestructured,six-monthprogramofrehabilitativeexercise,patientsintheexercisegroupwereevaluatedbyaphysicaltherapistforoverallmusclestrength,jointflexibility,andaerobicendurance.Onthebasisofthesefindings,asupervisedprogramofexercisewasdevelopedbythetherapistaccordingtoeachpatient’sspecificneeds.Strengtheningexercisesconsistedprimarilyofclosed-chainresistiveactivities(e.g.,bridging[liftingofhipswithkneesflexedinasupineposition],half-squats,andtoeraises)andabdominalexercises(curl-upsandpelvictilts).Flexibilityexercises,whichemphasizedchestexpansionandthoracicmobility,includedsidestretches,trunktwists,scapulasqueezes,andshoulderrolls.Aerobicexercisesconsistedofwalkingonamotorizedtreadmillorpedalingonabicycleergometer(Cybex,Ronkonkoma,N.Y.),aswellasarmmovemntsonanergometer(Cybex).Thedurationandintensityofaerobic-exercisesessionswereincreasedtomeetthepatient’stolerance,withagoalofatleast30minutesofcontinuousexerciseatamoderateintensity.

整理ppt材料与方法

Patientsinitiallyvisitedthecardiac-rehabilitationcliniconetothreeweekly(somewereunabletoattendmorethanonceeachweekbecauseoftransportationdifficulties)andreceivespecificinstructionsforexercisingathome.Thefrequencyofcardiacrehabilitationsessionswasgraduallyreducedtooneeverytwoweeksaspatientsbecamemoreindependentlyinvolvedintheirhomeexerciseprograms.Patientswhohadrejectionwereinstructednottoexerciseuntilafollow-upendomyocardialbiopsyshowedresolutionofrejection,whichusuallyrequiredtwoweeks.……..整理ppt材料与方法MeasurementsCardiopulmonaryExerciseTestingAllthepatientsunderwentacardiopulmonaryexercisestresstestthatisroutinelyadministeredinourlaboratorywithinonemonthaftercardiactransplantationandagainsixmonthsaftertransplantation.Cardiopulmonaryexercisestresstestswereconductedbybicycleergometry.Duringtesting,theelectrocardiogramwasmonitoredcontinuouslyandthebloodpressurewasmeasuredregularly.Formaximalcardiopulmonaryexercisestresstesting,thepatientfirstcycledat50to70rpmwithnoworkloadforthreeminutes.Thentheworkloadwasincrementallyincreasedby10Weveryminuteuntilthepatient’sabilitytoexercisebecamelimitedbysymptoms.Thispointwastakenaspeakoxygenconsumption(peakaerobiccapacity).整理ppt材料与方法Duringexercisetesting,expiredgaswascollectedandanalyzedwithagasanalyzer(MedicalGraphicsSystem2001,Kalamazoo,Mich).Thecardiopulmonaryexercisemeasurementspermitteddeterminationofpeakoxygenconsumption,workload,ventilatoryequivalentforoxygen,exercisetime,timetoestimatedthresholdoflacticacidosisasdeterminedbytheV-slopemethod(theVslopeisthepointofanonlinearincreaseincarbondioxideproductionduringexercise.),restingheartrate,peakheartrate,restingbloodpressure,peakbloodpressure,andminuteventilation.Theprimaryendpointsofthisstudywerethedifferencesbetweenthetwogroupsofpatientsintheresultsofcardiopulmonaryexercisestresstestingatonemonthandsixmonthsaftertransplantation.

整理ppt材料与方法StatisticalAnalysisThedistributionofthepatientscharacteristics,theresultsofcardiopulmonaryexercisetestingatbaseline,thechangesinthecardiopulmonaryexercisemeasurementsbetweenthebase-lineevaluationandthesix-monthfollow-up,andpostoperativecharacteristicswereevaluatedbymeansofprespecifiedanalyses.Thefrequencydistributionsandmodewereexaminedforallthecategoricalmeasures.Forallthecontinuousmeasures,themean;the25,5075,and95percentquantiles;thestandarddeviations;andtheminimalandmaximalvalueswereexamined.Fisher’sexacttestwasusedforcategoricalmeasures,andthepairedt-testwasusedforcontinuousmeasures.Forallthetestsatwo-sidedPvalueoflessthan0.05wasconsideredtoindicatestatisticalsignificance.

整理ppt材料与方法---动词形式4-2.材(资)料与方法部分的时态(1)材料与方法部分多属回顾性叙述，一般用过去时表示，有时也可用现在完成时，且多用被动语态。例如：①ThestudywasconductedinthetertiarylevelNeonatalUnitofateachinghospitaloveroneyearperiod.②本项目对冠心病猝死的男性心脏进行前瞻性研究。1994年1月至1997年5月马里兰州的医学人员对这些心脏进行过研究。冠状动脉固定术、心脏解剖以及组织标本制作情况如前所述。Heartsfrommenwhodiedofsuddencoronarydeathwerestudiedinaprospectivefashion.TheseheartswereseeninconsultationwiththemedicalexaminerinthestateofMarylandbetweenJanuary1994andMay1997.Coronaryarteryfixation,cardiacdissection,andtissuesamplingwereperformedaspreviouslydescribed.

③Thepresentprospectiverandomizedcontrolledparallelstudywasconductedon93childrenupto12yearsadmittedinourhospitalbetweenMay2002andApril2004withclinicalpresentationoftyphoidfever(伤寒症)withoutanylocalizingsigns,andapositivebloodcultureforS.typhi(西伯利亚斑疹伤寒).整理ppt材料与方法---动词形式(2)说明研究或实验之前发生的动作或情况，用过去完成时；表示过去以前一直进行的动作，用过去完成进行时。例如：①受试者就座至少5分钟后，由训练有素的观察者用标准水银血压计测量两次血压。

BPwasmeasuredtwicebytrainedobserversusingastandardmercurysphygmomanometerafterthesubjecthadbeenseatedforatleast5minutes.②877例胃癌患者中，有9例原已确诊为恶性贫血。

Among877patientswithgastriccancer，perniciousanaemiahadpreviouslybeendiagnosedin9.③12名儿童患者中有7名患者在进行胆囊切除术时年龄不足6岁。年龄最小的是一名9个月的男孩，在出生后不久便因十二指肠创伤一直接受全胃肠外营养。

Sevenofthe12childrenwerelessthan6yearsofageatthetimeofcholecystectomy,andtheyoungestwasa9-month-oldboywhohadbeenreceivingtotalparenteralnutritionsinceshortlyafterbirthafterduodenaltrauma.整理ppt材料与方法---动词形式(3)说明图表内容和数值表示法等，用一般现在时。

所有标本均在—20℃下冷冻，用酶联免疫吸附测定法测定oAllsampleshasbeenfrozenat—20℃untiltestedbyconventionalELISA．---Theabbreviation(s)is/arethesameasthat/thoseinTab.1.---ResultsareexpressedasMean±SD---Dataaregivenasthemeannumberofmonocytesperhighpowerfield±standarddeviation.整理ppt材料与方法---常用结构表达

材(资)料与方法部分的常用句型(1)选择受试者的常见句型：①入选的标准是...：Inclusion／Entrycriteriawereconsistedof．．．==Inclusioncriteria:5to15yearsofageanddiagnosisofARF([=acuterenalfailure]急性肾功能衰竭)confirmedby2ormorerheumatologists[9ru:m[`tRl[dVist](风湿病学家),sustainedforatleast6monthsandtwoormorevisits.==Thefollowinginclusion/exclusioncriteriawereintendedtoallowentryofmostpatientswithbehavioralhealthproblemsandtoensurethatthestudysamplewasrepresentativeoftheoverallprimaryandmedicalcarepopulation.整理ppt材料与方法---常用结构表达②不得人选的标准包括...：Exclusioncriteriaincluded……==OtherexclusioncriteriawereonlyonevisittoourUnitand/orfollow-upshorterthan6months.==Inthepresentstudysystematicrandomsamplingwasdonetohaveahigherprecisionandchildrenintheagegroup24-47monthswereincludedtostudythecoverageofbooster(加强剂量)dosesandtheMMR([=measles,mumps,rubella]麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹)vaccine.

③研究对象的选择是根据...：Selectionwasbasedon……；wereselectedbasedon……==Selectionwasbasedonexaminationofpostmortemspecimens.==Childrenofage24-47monthswereselectedusingsystematicrandomsampling.整理ppt材料与方法---常用结构表达④人选参加本研究的主要标准为...：Themajorcriteriaforinclusioninthestudywere....==Themajorcriteriaforinclusioninthestudywerepsychosocial(社会心理的)problemssuchasdomesticviolence.⑤...如果有以下任何一条不得参加本项研究：……wereexcludedfromthestudy／participation／enrollmentiftheyhadanyofthefollowing……==Allthosechildrenwereexcludedwhohadahistoryofaneffectiveantibiotictherapywithinoneweekpriortoadmissioninthehospital,aknownallergytopenicillin,chloramphenicol[9klR:r[m`fenikRl](氯霉素),quinolones(喹诺酮类)orcephalosporins[7sefElEu5spC:rin](头孢菌素),andahistoryofimmunizationwithtyphoidvaccine.==Becauseofmissingdataonseveralvariables,11subjectswereexcludefromtheanalyses.

整理ppt材料与方法---常用结构表达⑥...因...被认为不适合：……..wereconsideredineligiblefor……..⑦...参加本项研究：…….wereenteredintothestudy．⑧...选自.....：………wererecruitedfrom………..==ParticipantswererecruitedfromfourlargeprimarycareclinicsofGroupHealthCooperative(GHC),agroupmodelhealthmaintenanceorganizationservingapproximately400,000personsinWashingtonState.⑨在...被选人参加研究：………wereenrolledat／in………..==Threehundredforty-threepatientsscheduledforelectivecoronaryarterybypassgraftingwereprospectivelyenrolledinthestudyandgavewritteninformedconsent.==Inthestudyparticipation,atotalof386patientswereenrolledintherandomizedtrial.⑩从...随机挑选...参加研究：…….wereselectedatrandomfrom………

整理ppt材料与方法---常用结构表达(2)表示研究对象分组

①...被随机分成...：…….wererandomizedinto…….；…….wererandomlyallocatedto…….==Aself-administeredquestionnairewasmailedtoarandomsampleoftheNationalFINRISKStudy,drawnfromthegeneralpopulationaged25—64yearsinthreeareasinFinlandin1992.==InterventionPatientswererandomlyassignedtoa12monthcollaborativecareintervention(IMPACT)orusualcarefordepression.

②...被分成…….：…….weredividedinto；…….weregroupedinto…….；…….werestratifiedinto…...，…..wereclassifiedinto…==Jointfeaturesweredividedinto5patternsofpresentation:整理ppt材料与方法---常用结构表达(3)表示材料来源①...来自.....：….wasfrom……..

②...由...提供：…….wasprovidedby…….③...购自...:...waspurchasedfrom………==AllantibioticdiskswerepurchasedfromSigmaCompany.④…..是从……获得：…….wasobtainedfrom………==Thestudywasapprovedbyethicscommitteeofthefacultyandwritteninformedconsentwasobtainedfrompatients'parent's.==Weobservedthat54.16%ofH.Pyloriisolatesobtainedfrom29pediatricpatientswereresistanttometronidazolewhichisahighproportion.

⑤…由…..赠送：…….wasdonatedby……；wasthe／agiftof／from……；……wasadonationfrom………⑥用骨分析器(由夏威夷西门子奥斯汀公司生产)：usingOsteoAnalyzers(Simens-Osteorn，Wahiwas，Hawaii)

⑦人类免疫缺陷病毒的抗gp41小鼠单抗隆抗体(由华盛顿州西雅图市遗传所的KathyShriver博士赠送)：mousemonoclonalantibodytogp41OfHIV(agiftfromDrKathyShriver，Geneticsystems，Seattle，WA)

整理ppt材料与方法---常用结构表达(4)表示借鉴他人的实验方法(被动态主句+by/with/using/byusing引出的状语)①……..用………方法分离:………wasisolatedbytheprocedureof…….②………根据……..方法制备：……..waspreparedaccordingtothemethoddescribedby….==Twooverlappingrf2a-hybridizinggenomiccloneswereobtainedbyscreeningB73libraries.BothlibrarieswereconstructedusingtheDASHII(Stratagene,LaJolla,CA)vectorandwerepreparedbyPamCloseandJohnTossberg,respectively.③按照以前介绍的方法进行…….；…….wascarriedoutaspreviouslydescribed==LibraryscreeningconditionswereasdescribedbyXUetal.1997.④用以前介绍的技术分离…….：……..wasseparatedbythetechniquedescribedpreviously，整理ppt材料与方法---常用结构表达⑤用……..方法测定……：……..wasdeterminedby……..；…….wasmeasuredwith……==InflammatoryactivitywasdeterminedbyESR,CRP,and/ormucoprotein(黏蛋白)levels.==Cytokine[9sait[u`kain](细胞活素)releaseandtheresponsesoftheimmaturelungaredeterminedbyallelic[E5li:lik](等位基因的)differencesofthegenes,creatingageneticsusceptibilitytoBPD.==Cognitivefunctionwasmeasuredwith

abatteryof(一连串的)performance-basedneuropsychologicaltests,reducedtoafour-cognitivedomainscoreswithfactoranalysis,andaself-reportmeasureofcognitivedifficulties.⑥……….与…….相似：……..wassimilarto….==ThechangeinHDRSscores(aninterviewbasedassessment)wassignificantlydifferentbetweenthetwoarmsandthoughthemagnitudeofchangeinCESDscores(aself-reportmeasure)wassimilartothechangeinHDRSthischangewasnotsignificantlydifferentinthetwoarms.==WeobservedmaximumMDRTFcasesintheagegroupof2-5years(30.6%)whichwassimilartootherstudies.整理ppt材料与方法---常用结构表达(5)表示实验标本制备①从…取…标本：Samplesof…..wereobtained／takenfrom…..==ReferencevaluesofC1r,C2,C5,C7,Properdin(备解素，裂解素),andfactorsD,H,andIandC3aandC5ahavebeendeterminedincordbloodsamplesfromhealthytermnewborns.②取作……测定…..的标本：Samplesfor…….wereobtained／takenfrom…….③在…….条件下收集……..：………wascollected／harvestedunder…….conditions．④用……..固定……..：………wasfixedwith…….⑤……..用………染色：……….wasstainedwith………⑥……..被包埋在………：……..wasembeddedin………⑦和以前一样(用以前介绍过的方法)制备…的切片：Sectionsof……werepreparedasbefore／aspreviouslydescribed．⑧在……..超薄切片机上制作切片：Sectionswerecutona………ultramicrotome．⑨………被切成……….厚的切片：………wassectionedatathicknessof………；……..wasslicedintosections⑩…..在……….中脱水：………wasdehydratedin………整理ppt材料与方法---常用结构表达(6)表达稀释、培养等①………被稀释到：………wasdilutedto………==Theimmunoprecipitatesweredilutedto1mlwith1%TritonX-100/immunoprecipitationbufferwith/withoutiodoacetamide(5–10mM)anddividedintoaliquots,……②用…….在……(温度)保温…….小时：…….wasincubatedwith…….at…….for………hours．==Thecellswereincubatedat37°Cin5%CO2for3days.==Insomeexperiments,0.1mlof2mg/ml6-19mAbwasincubatedwith0.1mlofvariousconcentrationsofnon-cryogenicIgG3mAborPBSat4°Cfor24h.③…….被种植在…培养基中：……….wasgrownin………..medium．④取出一份……．:Analiquotof…………wasremoved．⑤……….被配制成悬浮液，浓度为：……….wassuspendedto／ataconcentrationof⑥……被保存在…(温度)：…………wasstoredat………整理ppt材料与方法---常用结构表达(7)表示年龄与性别①在某一年龄，如45岁：a45-year-oldpatient；apatientaged45(years)；apatient45yearsofage；attheageof45(years)；atage45.②在某一年龄以上，如45岁以上：over／above／morethantheageof45years；over／morethan45yearsofage；45yearsofageandover；45yearsofageorolder；olderthan45years；agedover45years；aged45yearsandover．③在某一年龄以下，如45岁以下：under／before／below／lessthan／aftertheageof45(years)；45yearsofageandunder；45yearsofageorless；lessthan45years；youngerthan45-year-old．④年龄范围，如45与55岁之间：betweentheageof45and55(years)；from45to55yearsofage；haveanagerangeof45to55years；aged45to55years；rangeinagefrom45to55years．整理ppt材料与方法---常用结构表达⑤平均年龄，如：withameanageof45±3years；inbothagegroups(mean…..months)；withanaverageageof45.4years(range20～60)．==Thefindingsarebasedonanalysisofdatafrom13,239subjects,between20and79yearsofage,whoparticipatedintheThirdNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurveyfrom1988to1994.==InsomepartoftheU.S.asmanyashalfofallwomenunderage35haveanactivecase.Yet99out100womenwhoareHPV-positivewillnevergetcervicalcancer.==Thefactthatcaseswereincludedonlyiftheywereyoungerthan15yearsofagemighthaveexcludedsometeenagersandloweredthemeanageofthesample.==Themeanageoftheneonatesstudiedwas10.79±4.68days.整理ppt材料与方法---常用结构表达⑥性别比例：male-to-femaleratio；withfemale-maleratioof2:1;ratsofbothsexes；mixed-breddogsofeithersex．==Decliningfrequencyofcircumcision:implicationforchangesintheabsoluteincidenceandmaletofemaleratioofUTI(泌尿道感染)inearlyinfancy.==Thesignal-to-noiseratioofimagesobtainedwithanMRcompatibleincubatorwithadedicatedheadcoil(螺旋)is2.3timesthatofastandardMRcoilinage-matchedpatients.==Of93children,62(66.6%)wereMDRTF.24caseswerebelow5years,26between5-10yearsand12wereabove10years.Maletofemaleratiowas1.85:1.整理ppt材料与方法---常用结构表达(8)表示诊断①通过…..诊断为……：……..wasdiagnosedby…….②……被诊断为……..：……..wasdiagnosedas…….③…….被诊断患………..：………wasdiagnosedwith………④根据………作出……….诊断：……..wasdiagnosedaccordingto……..⑤对…………作出诊断：Diagnosisof………wasconfirmed／made／established．⑥……..漏诊………：………..miss／overlookdiagnosisof……….⑦……..被误诊为：……….wasmisdiagnosedas………；……wasmistakenfor……….⑧…….是诊断……….的依据：………wasdiagnosticof…………==narecentprospectivestudyofinfantsyoungerthan3monthsdiagnosedwithUTI,22of45infants(46%)hadurinarytractabnormalities.==Subnormalrespiratoryburstfunctionandintracellularkillinghasbeenobservedinchildrendiagnosedwithmyeloperoxidase[7maiElEupE5rCksideis](髓过氧物酶,绿过氧物酶),glutathione[7^lu:tE5WaiEun](谷胱甘肽)synthetase[`sInWIteIs,-eIz](合成酶),andglucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase[di:5haidrEdVE7neis](脱氢酶)deficiency.==Obstructionofpassageofacatheterthroughesophagusinanewbornismostlydiagnosedasesophagealatresia(EA/食管闭锁)withorwithouttracheoesophagealfistula(瘘,瘘管)(TEF).

整理ppt材料与方法---常用结构表达(9)表示治疗①通过(用)……..治疗……：betreatedby／with…..==Themajorityofmildercasesofdepressionareassumedtobetreatedbytheprimarycarestaffwithmoreseverecasesbeingreferredtobehavioralhealth.==Thepatientswithapresumptive[pri5zQmptiv](假定的)clinicaldiagnosisoftyphoidfeverwereinitiallytreatedwithchloramphenicolchloramphenicol[9klR:r[m`fenikRl](氯霉素)(75mg/Kg/day)byoralorintravenousroute.②因………治疗……..：betreatedfor……③首选治疗方法：thetreatmentofthefirstchoice④.........受……..治疗：…….wason……..therapy⑤门诊治疗：betreatedonanoutpatientbasis⑥………被转诊到…….：……..wasreferredto……..==Thosepatientsinneedofcarewouldbereferredtoanoutpatientbehavioralhealthclinicwithinthesamebuilding.==A3-month-oldgirlwasreferredtothedepartmentofpediatrics,整理ppt材料与方法---常用结构表达(10)表示实验动物①饲养在………：wasbred／fedin………②用(在……..条件下)…….饲养…….：………wasmaintainedwith／under……③………术前12小时禁食：……..wasfasted12hourspriortooperation．④……….用……麻醉：……..wasanesthetizedwith……⑤……….被关在笼内，随意喂以自来水和…饲料：wascaged，fedadlibitumwithtapwaterand………diet．⑥………..可随意饮水、进食：……..wasgivenaccesstofoodandwateradlibitum．⑦杂交羔羊，雌雄不分：crossbredlambsofeithersex⑧本研究采用体重为…………雄性新西兰白兔；MaleNewZealandwhiterabbitsweighingbetween……..and……….wereusedforthestudy．⑨………被断头(放血)处死：……..waskilledbydecapitation／cervicaldislocation／exsanguination．⑩用………处死………：……..wassacrificedwith………整理ppt材料与方法---常用结构表达(11)表示倍数和比例①一倍：once／one-fold；两倍：twice／two-fold；3倍：threetimes；2～3倍：．Twoorthreetimes／2or3times；2．5倍：twoandahalftimes②A的长度是B的3倍(A比B长两倍)：Ais3timesaslongasB；thelengthofAis3timesthelengthofB；Ais3timeslongerthanB．③A增加了两倍(A增加到3倍)：Aincreases3times．④是...的两倍；twiceasmuchas．．．⊙动脉压可能同时升高到正常值的12/3倍。Thearterialpressuremightrisesimultaneouslytoabout12/3timesnormal．⊙左心室的厚度约为右心室的两倍。Theleftventriclehasapproximatelytwicethethicknessoftherightventricle.⊙体循环的容量约为肺循环容量的7倍。Thevolumeofthesystemiccirculationisabout7timesthatofthepulmonarysystem．⊙因此，磺胺嘧啶的磺胺含量是磺胺甲恶唑的2．5倍。Consequently,thesulphonamidelevelsofsulphadiazinewere2.5timesofsulphamethoxazole.整理ppt材料与方法---常用结构表达⑤A与B的比率(AB比率，AB比例为)：ratioofAtoB；AtoBratio；A：Bratio；A／Bratio；ratioofthetwo．

⊙总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的比率下降不大。

==TheratiooftotalcholesteroltoHDLcholesterolfellinsignificantly.

⊙男性患病显然多于女性(男女比例为14：4)。

==Notablymoremalesthanfemaleswereaffected(maletofemaleratio,14：4)⊙男女比例为2：3。

==Themale：femaleratiowas2：3⊙对1966—1975十年间在St.Bartholomew’s医院治疗的感染性心内膜炎患者进行的回顾性调查表明男女之间的比例为1.5：1。

==AretrospectivesurveyofpatientswithinfectiveendorcarditisatSt.Bartholomew’sHospitalinthedecade1966-1975showedamale/femaleratioof1.5:1.⊙这两种转换途径的比例与转运速率之间并无关系。

==Therewasnocorrelationbetweentransportratesandtheratioofthetwoconverseonpathways.⊙女性与男性的比例在左束支阻滞组及左前半阻滞组为2：1；在右束支阻滞组为1：1。

==Thefemale:malewas2:1intheleftbundlebranchblockandleftanteriorhemiblockgroups,and1:1inthegroupwithrightbundlebranchblock.整理ppt材料与方法---常用结构表达(12)表示数值总数为；atotalof；一系列：aseriesof为期：aperiodof最大量值(最小量值)：amaximum／minimumof“发病率为：anincidenceof；死亡率为：amortalityof“精确率为：anaccuracyof“剂量为：adoseof平均数为：anaverageof／ameanof;平均持续(缓解)时间为：anaveragedurationremissionof；随访平均间隔时间为：amedianfollow-upintervalof平均减少;anaveragereductionof;直径为：adiameterofNote:集团数所谓“集团数”是指以整体形式表现出来的数目，常见的表达法如下：atotalof........总数为……aseriesof........连续数为……整理ppt材料与方法---常用结构表达agroupof........一组.........

在英美医学杂志中，这些词组作主语时，其谓语动词既有单数，也有复数。如：1．Atotalofl49patientswasfollowedupforfrom1to4years，theaveragefollow-upperiodbeing2.6years．(谓语was为单数)

我们对总数达149名患者随访了1—4年，随访期平均为2.6年。2．Atotalof134patientssuspectedofhavingpancreaticcancerweregivenpreoperativeultrasonicexaminations．(谓语were为复数)