政治、历史时间及文化渊源和文化遗产【精讲精研+拓展延伸】高考英语一轮复习主题词汇 阅读一遍过

话题二十六政治、历史时间及文化渊源和文化遗产第一部分话题词汇积累单词&短语1.propertyn.__________________2.ruinsn.__________________3.prospectn.__________________4.prosperityn.__________________5.primitiveadj.__________________6.proteinn.__________________7.psychologistn.__________________8.publicationn.__________________9.publicityn.__________________10.pulsen.__________________11.punctuationn.__________________12.purchasev./n.__________________13.pursuev./n.__________________14.qualificationn.__________________15.questionnairen.__________________16.quotationn.__________________17.radiationn.__________________18.ration.__________________19.rawadj.__________________20.recallv.__________________21.receiptn.__________________22.receptionn.__________________23.recipen.__________________24.rectanglen.__________________25.recreationn.__________________26.refereen.___________________27.referencen.__________________28.reflectionn.__________________29.refundn.__________________30.regionn.__________________31.survivev.__________________32.__________________n.建议；提议；提案；求婚33.__________________v./n.抗议；反对；申明34.__________________adj.准时的；守时的；按时的35.__________________adj.感到困惑的__________________adj.令人困惑的36.__________________adj.有资格的；称职的；合格的；有保留的37.__________________v.争吵；吵架n.口角；争吵38.__________________n.数量数额；数目；大量；众多39.__________________n.质量；特性；素质；优质40.___________________adj.种族的；人种的；种族之间的41.__________________n.痊愈；复苏；恢复；收回；重新获得42.___________________n.现实；事实adj.__________________现实的；实际的；明智的；逼真的adj.__________________不现实的；不切实际的；空想的43.__________________adj.合理的，公道的；明智的；过得去的__________________adv.合理地；适度地；明智地；尚可__________________adj.不合理的；荒唐的；非明智的；不当的44.__________________v.认出，辨认出__________________n.认出，辨认出45.___________________v.再循环；回收利用；重新使用46.__________________v.使……振作精神；重新斟满；刷新47.对……感到自豪____________________________________48.当众，公开地____________________________________49.汽车靠边停下____________________________________列车进站____________________________________50.故意地，有意地____________________________________51.把……放在一边____________________________________52.提出____________________________________53.推迟____________________________________54.putoutthefire__________________55.putupwith__________________56.outofquestion__________________57.outofthequestion_58.插队____________________________________59.辞职/辍学____________________________________60.orrather_____________________________________61.culturalrelics____________________________________62.____________________________________属于63._____________________________________追溯到64.有……的历史____________________________________65.保护……免受……____________________________________66.thepastcivilization____________________________________67.oneofthewonders____________________________________68.historicrelics____________________________________69.touristattraction____________________________________70.outstandingfolkarts_____________________________________词汇拓展1.recognizev.认识；认出；辨别出；承认；意识到；(正式)认可，接受，赞成【搭配】recognize...by/from...由……认出……recognize...as...承认是；认作They___________thismanwithoutdifficulty.他们毫不费力地认出了这个人。She___________thetuneatonce.她马上听出了这支曲子。Theydon't____________thenewgovernment.他们不承认这个新政府。Thefilmisnow___________asaclassic.如今，这部电影被公认为是一部经典影片。【联想】recognitionn.认识，认出；承认2.putaside把……放在一边；搁置；把……留待以后使用；抛开，忘记，忽视，搁置(感情或争执)Hehad____________alotofmoneyforretirement.他已经为退休存了一笔数目相当可观的钱了。Shetookupasliceofbread,brokeitnervously,then____________it___________.她拿起一片面包，焦虑不安地把它掰碎，又放在一边。Weshould___________ourdifferencesanddiscussthethingswehaveincommon.我们应当抛开分歧，讨论一下我们的共同点。【联想】putup举起，挂起；搭建putsb.up为某人安排住宿puton穿上，戴上；上演putaway把……放好putoff推迟，拖延putdown把……放下，记下；平息putout扑灭：伸出putinto把……放进……;把……译成……putone'sheartinto全神贯注于putanendto结束putback拨回(时钟);推迟；阻碍putupwith容忍活学活用一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Ifyouhavenotkeptapetparrotbefore,itwouldbewise___________(purchase)ahandbookonthesubject.2.Thelibraryisuniqueanditsbreak-upwouldbe___________sadreflectiononthevalueweplaceonourheritage.3.Assheturnedbackshecaughtthe___________(puzzle)lookonhermother'sface.4.Teachers___________(qualify)toteachinEnglandarenotacceptedinScotlandandviceversa.5.Teacherscanonlybeexpectedtodowhatis___________(reason)andpracticable.二、翻译句子1.约翰被公认为是全校最好的足球运动员。(recognize)__________________________________________________________________2.我为自己能在别人有困难时帮助他人而自豪。(pride)__________________________________________________________________3.到目前为止学生们已经提出了一系列问题。(putforward)__________________________________________________________________4.我要是你的话，我会毫不犹豫地接受挑战。(outofquestion)__________________________________________________________________参考答案单词&短语1.财产；所有权2.废墟3.前途，前景4.成功，繁荣5.原始的6.蛋白质7.心理学家8.出版物9.关注，宣传10.脉搏11.标点符号12.购买13.追求14.资格，资格证书15.问卷调查16.引语17.放射，辐射18.比例；比率19.未加工的；生的20.回忆；召回21.收据，收条22.接待；招待会23.处方；秘诀；食谱24.长方形25.消遣，娱乐26.裁判员27.提及；参考28.映像；反射；思考29.退款30.地区；范围31.幸存32.proposal33.protest34.punctual35.puzzled;puzzling36.qualified37.quarrel38.quantity39.quality40.racial41.recovery42.reality;realistic;unrealistic43.reasonable;reasonably;unreasonable44.recognize(s)e;recognition45.recycle46.refresh47.beproudof/takepridein48.inpublic49.pullover;pullin50.onpurpose51.putaside52.putforward53.putoff54.灭火55.忍受56.毫无疑问57.不可能；办不到；无法接受58.jumpaqueue59.quitajob/quitschool60.更确切地说61.文化遗产62.belongto63.datebackto/from64.haveahistoryof65.protect...from...66.过去的文明67.奇迹之一68.历史遗产69.旅游胜地70.优秀民间艺术词汇拓展1.recognized;recognized;recognize;recognized2.putaside;put,aside;putaside活学活用一、1.topurchase2.a3.puzzled4.qualified5.reasonable二、1.Johnisrecognizedasthebestfootballerintheschool.2.Itakeprideinhelpingotherswhentheyareintrouble.3.Thestudentshaveputforwardaseriesofquestionssofar.4.IfIwereyouIwouldoutofquestionacceptthechallengewithouttheleasthesitation.第二部分话题阅读训练（A）阅读理解InventedintheTangDynastyandwidelyadoptedaftertheSongDynastyinFujian,thewatertight-bulkhead(水密舱壁)technologypermitstheconstructionofocean-goingshipswithwatertightcompartments(隔层).Ifoneortwocabinsareaccidentallydamagedatsea,waterwillnotfloodtheothercabinsandtheshipswillremainafloat.Theexperienceandworkingmethodsofwatertight-bulkheadtechnologyaretransmittedorallyfrommastertoapprentices.However,theneedforChinesejunks(中国式帆船)hasdecreasedsharplyaswoodenshipshavebeenreplacedbysteel-hulledships,andtodayonlythreemasterscanclaimfullcommandofthistechnology.Associatedbuildingcostshavealsoincreasedowingtoashortageinrawmaterials.Therefore,theinheritance(继承)ofthisheritageisdecreasing,andinheritorsareforcedtoseekalternativeemployment.ZhangGuohui,a77-year-oldinheritorofthewatertight-bulkheadtechniquesusedtomakeChinesejunks,hasbeenmakingshipsformorethansixdecades.ComingfromapoorfamilyinafishingtowninEastChina’sFujianProvince,Zhangstartedtomakealivingattheageof16fishingontheopenseas,whichiswherehedevelopedakeeninterestinconstructingboats.Asafastlearner,ZhangwaslatersenttoshipyardsinthecitiesofQuanzhouandXiameninFujianProvince,wherehereceivedtrainingandbecameamasteroftraditionalChinesejunksandgainedfamebecauseofhisextremelyskilledcraftsmanshipintheconstructionofthesejunks.Infearthatthetraditionalskillswoulddiesomeday,Zhangstartedtorestoreoldshipsandmakemodeljunksforthemuseumwithhis20yearsofshipbuildingskills.“TherestoredancientshipsarethehistoricalwitnessesofQuanzhouasamaritimecenteroftheEastandSoutheastAsiatradenetwork,”saidZhang,addingthathefindstheworkmeaningfulsinceyoungergenerationscanlearnfromexhibitionsofancientshipsthattheirancestorshadadvancedshipbuildingtechnologyatanearlystageofdevelopment.“AslongasI’malive,I’llkeeppassingontheheritage,”hesaid.1．Whatfunctionisexpectedofthewatertight-bulkheadtechnology?A．Topreventshipsfromsinking. B．Toreducetheweightofships.C．Toallowshipstosailfaster. D．Tohelpshipsresiststrongwinds.2．Whichofthefollowingisthepurposeofparagraph2?A．Toprovethesignificanceofsteel-hulledships.”B．Tostressthecomplexprocessofbuildingwoodenships.C．Topresentpeople’seffortstopassdownculturalheritages.D．Toshowdifficultiesofinheritingwatertight-bulkheadtechnology.3．WhatcanwelearnaboutZhangGuohuifromparagraph3?A．Hesupportshisfamilybyfishing.B．Hewasbornwithatalentforshipbuilding.C．Hehasdevotedhimselftoconstructingboats.D．Hehaswonmanyawardsforrestoringancientships.4．WhatdoesZhangGuohuiconveyinhiswords?A．Traditionalcultureshouldbeinnovatedwiththetimes.B．TheancientshiptradeoriginatedfromQuanzhouinChina.C．Itisnecessaryformodernstudentstolearnshipbuildingskills.D．Itisworthpassingontraditionalskillsfromgenerationtogeneration.1．A2．D3．C4．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了发明于唐代，宋代以后在福建被广泛采用的水密舱壁技术，现在随着木船被钢铁船所取代，今天只有三位大师可以完全掌握这项技术，几近失传，这是宝贵的中国非物质文化遗产。并介绍了一位致力于该项技术推广与宣传的传承人——张国辉老人。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Ifoneortwocabinsareaccidentallydamagedatsea,waterwillnotfloodtheothercabinsandtheshipswillremainafloat.(如果一两个舱室在海上意外损坏，水不会淹没其他舱室，船只将保持漂浮)”可知，水密舱壁技术可以在船只部分受损的情况下，仍可以继续保持漂浮不下沉。故选A项。2．推理判断题。根据第二段内容“Theexperienceandworkingmethodsofwatertight-bulkheadtechnologyaretransmittedorallyfrommastertoapprentices.However,theneedforChinesejunks(中国式帆船)hasdecreasedsharplyaswoodenshipshavebeenreplacedbysteel-hulledships,andtodayonlythreemasterscanclaimfullcommandofthistechnology.Associatedbuildingcostshavealsoincreasedowingtoashortageinrawmaterials.Therefore,theinheritance(继承)ofthisheritageisdecreasing,andinheritorsareforcedtoseekalternativeemployment.(水密舱壁技术的经验和工作方法由师傅口头传授给徒弟。然而，随着木船被钢壳船所取代，对中国舢板的需求急剧减少，今天只有三位大师可以声称完全掌握这项技术。由于原材料短缺，相关的建筑费用也增加了。因此，这一遗产的继承性正在减少，继承者被迫寻找替代工作)”可知，本段在讲述当今时代传承这项技术的种种困难。故选D项。3．推理判断题。根据第三段首“ZhangGuohui,a77-year-oldinheritorofthewatertight-bulkheadtechniquesusedtomakeChinesejunks,hasbeenmakingshipsformorethansixdecades.(继承了制造中国帆船的防水舱壁技术的77岁老人张国辉，已经有60多年的造船经验)”可知，张国辉老人一生都致力于造船事业。故选C项。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘TherestoredancientshipsarethehistoricalwitnessesofQuanzhouasamaritimecenteroftheEastandSoutheastAsiatradenetwork,’saidZhang,addingthathefindstheworkmeaningfulsinceyoungergenerationscanlearnfromexhibitionsofancientshipsthattheirancestorshadadvancedshipbuildingtechnologyatanearlystageofdevelopment.(张国辉说：‘这些被修复的古船是泉州作为东亚和东南亚贸易网络海上中心的历史见证。’他又补充说他认为这项工作很有意义，因为年轻一代可以从古船展览中了解到他们的祖先在早期发展阶段拥有先进的造船技术)”可知，老人说这些话表明他认为致力于代代传承这一传统技艺是有意义的，是值得的。故选D项。（B）语法填空The53-year-oldcraftswomanJiYulan,aninheritoroftheintangibleheritageofpaper-cuttingfromtheXinjiangUygurautonomousregion,___11___(engage)herselfintheartforover40years.Shemadepaper-cutsofpeoplefromother___12___(walk)oflife.“Thepaper-cuttingartcomesfromthefolkanditshouldreturntothepeople,”Jisaid.Shecreated___13___paper-cuttingworknamedTheAngelinHarm’sWaytoshowtheimageofanursewhohasherlonghairbackaftercuttingittobetterfitintotheprotectivesuitwhilefightinginthefrontlineagainsttheepidemic.Jiwas___14___(deep)impressedbythefemalemedicalworkers___15___(wear)masksandprotectivehats.“Womenare___16___(charm)inlonghairandittakesalotofcouragetocutit,”shesaid.Jihas12students,___17___(age)from3to23.“Theydiscoveredtheirinterestinpaper-cuttingandcametome___18___(learn)it,”shesaid,addingthatsheoftenencouragesherstudentstocreateworksbased___19___reality.“Youngergenerationshavearealsenseofculturalheritage,a