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2022年宁夏大学英语考试考前冲刺卷九
(本卷共分为1大题50小题,作答时间为180分钟,总分100分,60分及格。)
单位:姓名:考号:
题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分
分值
得分
一、单项选择题(共50题,每题2分。每题的备选项中,只有一个最符合题意)
1.{{BUTEXTBH/B}}
Theromanticimageofthetrustypostman,deliveringletterstothe
farthest-flungcornersoftheland,makesthereformofpostaIservices
asensitivesubject.Thisisespeciallytruewhentheimpetusforreform
comesfromtheEuropeanUnion.ThismonththeEuropeanParIiamentstarts
workonadirective,drawnupbytheEuropeanCommission,toremovethe
lastmonopoIiesinpostaImarketsby2009-thefinalstageinaslowand
laboriousIiberalisationthatbeganin1992.Directivesin1997and2002
chippedawayatthecenturies-oldmonopoIiesenjoyedbynationaI
operators,andtheproposednewlawwi11openthewholemarketto
competitionbyabolishingthe"reservedarea"onmaiIweighinglessthan
50grams.ButalthoughthelegislativewheeIsareinmotion,some
countriesareasscepticaIasever.
ThecommissionsaysithasdeliberateIypursuedpostalIiberalisation
ataslowerpacethanothermarketopenings.Thisispartlyduetoits
technicaIcompIexity.Unlikeintelecoms,posthasnophysicalnetwork
toshare.Manycountrieshadtocreateindependentregulatorsfrom
scratchinordertomonitormarketaccessandprices.Thesizeofthe
heavilyunionisedpostaIindustryaIsopromptedcaution.ItempIoyssome
5mpeopIedirectlyandindirectly,anditsturnoverisroughIy1%of
Europe,scombinedGDP.
ButarguablythebiggestdragonIiberalisationisold-fashioned
resistancetoopenmarkets,plusadashofreverenceforletterwriting.
Oneopponentofthe2009deadIinetalksof"anobleindustrythatwewant
toprotect"andlaudsthevirtuesofpenandpaper.AlIpostaIoperators
recognise,however,thattheepistolaryhabithastakenahitfromthe
Internet.Withdeadeningpragmatism,thecommissionsaysIiberalisation
wiIIimprovequaIityandchoiceandreducestatesubsidies.
Countriesthathavealreadyopenedtheirmarkets,suchasSwedenand
Britain,agree.SinceSweden9sPostenABwasprivatisedin1993,prices
forbusinesscustomershavefallenby30%,thoughtheyhaverisenfor
consumers.ThepostaInetworkhasbeenextended,withnewoutIetsin
supermarketsandlongeropeninghours.Proponentsofreformarguethat
Sweden,whichhasoneoftheIowestpopuIationdensitiesintheEUr
disprovestheargumentthatruralcountriescannotbothhaveopenmarkets
andprovideastandardserviceforeveryone.
ButFrance,Spain,Italyandothercountriesworrythatabolishing
the"reservedarea"wiIIdamagethisuniversaI-serviceobiigation.Last
monthFrancoisLoos,France'sindustryminister,said2009wasHan
indicativedate'1forcompetitionratherthanafirmdeadIine.Aspokesman
forPostEurop,aIobbygrouprepresentingEuropeanpostaIoperators,says
severalcountrieswouldpreferadeadIineof2012attheearIiest,with
thewhoIIyimplausibleargumentthatmoretimeisneededtoresearchthe
impactofIiberaIisation.
ThecommissionknowsadeIayingtacticwhenitseesone.Operators
havehadyearstoprepareforIiberalisation.Butsomecountries,such
asGreeceandLuxembourg,seemtowanttoprotecttheirnational
monopoIiesatanycost.TheattitudesofcentralEuropeancountriesare
moredifficulttopredict.TheirgovernmentssupportedtheIiberal
servicesdirective,whichfavouredtheirmobile,comparativelycheap
workforces,buthaveexpresseddoubtsaboutopeningprotectedhome
marketstocompetition.
Incumbentsmayhavelesstofearfromcompetitionthantheythink,
however.Incountrieswithopenmarkets,theformermonopolistshave
remaineddominant.InBritaintheRoyalMaiIhas96.5%ofthemarket;
inSwedenPostenABhas91.5%.Regulatorsdonotexpectbigchangesin
eithercountry.Indeed,someadvocatesofIiberalisationworrythatopen
postalmarketswiIIfaiItoattractnewentrantsandthateliminating
thereservedareawiIInotguaranteecompetition.
Thedebateovermarketopeningisanopportunitytofindoutwhat
peopIereallywantfromtheirpostaIservicesandachancetorethink
howtheywork,saysMichaelOritelIi,thebossofPitneyBowes,acompany
thatmakespostaIequipmentandsoftware.SomepeopIemight,forexampIe,
choosetohavedomesticmaiIdeliveredtotheirofficesonweekdays,he
suggests.ButsuchinnovationswiIIhappenonlyifnationaIgovernments
canbediscouragedfromstampingthecommission1sproposals"returnto
sender
Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethepassage
A.ThereformofpostalservicesisundergoinginEurope.
B.ProtectionismhampersthereformofEuropespostalservices.
C.Monopoliesofpostalservicesaretobebrokenup.
D.TheEuropeanmarketofpostalservicesisopentocompetition.
2.{{B}}TEXTD{{/B}}
IfthebiddingfrenzyoverSafewaywereanyindication,you'dthink
thatbiggrocerystoreshadbecomeluxurycoIIectibIes.Everyoneof
Britain5stopretailers-Tesco,Wal-MartownedAsda,Morrisonsand
Sainsburys-aremakingaplayforSafeway,whichbecameatakeovertarget
whensalesstartedIaggingatits480stores.Buttherealappealof
Safewayhaslittletodowiththevalueofitsstores:it'saboutthe
Iandtheysiton.There,snowsolittlepropertyavaiIableforcommerciaI
deveIopmentinBritain,orinWesternEurope,thatbuyingoldstoresis
thefastestwaytofindspacefornewones.
ThisexpIainswhyEuropeanretaiIisoneofthefewindustriesanywhere
ontheglobethathavebeengeneratingasteadystreamofdealmakingbuzz.
AtatimewhenglobalmergersandacquisitionshavefaIIen81percent
froma2t000peakof$3.4triIIionttheSafewaydeaIhasbeengenerating
headIinessinceJanuary.Thebids,whichstartedat£22.9billion,are
nowunderreviewbyBritain*sCompetitionCommission,thenationaI
trustbuster.Itsrecommendationcoulddecidethewinner.
Thecommercial-landshortageislargelyaresultofthecampaignto
preventtheWaI-MartificationofEurope.Inrecentyearsauthoritieshave
imposedstiffIimitsonthegrowthofsuperstores,effectiveIybIocking
theopeningofnewonesincountriesfromBritaintoFrance,Germanyand
theNetherlands.Safewayhasbecomeaparticularlyhotcommodityinpart
becausemanyofitsstoreshavethecombinationofsizeandIocationthat
big-boxretaiIerscrave."ThereareSafewaystoresinthisportfoIiothat
wiIIhavedirectorsoftheothercompaniessalivating,”saysDavid
SouthweI,spokesmanfortheBritishRetaiIConsortiumtradegroup.
Gonearethedaysofthe'70sand’80s,whenlaxzoninglawsmade
iteasytobuiIdnewstoresinBritain,andtownsgenerallyweIcornedthe
taxrevenueandjobs.AccordingtoIGD,afoodand-grocery-industrythink
tank,thenumberofsuperstoresinBritainshotupfrom403in1985to
990in1995butsIowedthenextyear,afterpassageofnewdeveIopment
rules.Designedtoprotecttheeconomicvitalityoftowncenters,the
1996rulesrequiredeveloperstodemonstratethatasuperstoreisneeded
outsidetown,andtherearenoavaiIabIeaIternativesinthecenter."Most
ofthezoninglegislationhasgottheretailersbythethroat,”saysHaley
Meyers,headofEuropeanretaiIresearchatLondonbasedMinteIResearch.
Intheearly1990sTescoforesawtheendofthebuildingbinge,and
begansnatchinguplandalreadyapprovedforretaiIdevelopment.By"Iand
banking”inthisway,saysSafewayspokesmanKevinHawkins,bigretailers
couldkeepbuiIdingthroughthe1990sandsidesieptheredtape.Butwhen
landbanksrundry,thereisIittIechoicebuttobuyotherchains.Last
October,FretaiIgiantCarrefouracquiredafurther20percentstakein
Spain1slargestretaiIer,CentroCommercialeCarrefour,for1billion.
"ThefoodandgeneralretaiIsectorhasrecentlyseenagooddegreemore
mergeractivitythanothersectors,“saysTimAtten,retaiIanalystat
BNPParibas."It5sdifficu11forthesepIayerstoexpandinmanycountries
inWesternEuropewithoutbuyingotherstores.n
It'sevenmoredifficultontheContinentthaninBritain.German
IawessentiallyprohibitsstoresIargerthan1,200squaremetersifIocaI
authoritiesobject.Frenchlawrequiresstrictreviewsofstoreslarger
than300squaremeters,andstatesthatpreservingthenation1seconomy,
Iifestyleandculturemustbeweighedagainstanynewproject."It's
virtuallyimpossibletoopenahypermarketinFrance,MsaysJohanna
Water-ous,directoratMcRinseyConsulting."TheplanninglawsinFrance
maketheonesintheU.K.lookIiketheAmericanMidwest.n
TherealmegastoreactionismovingoutsideWesternEurope.Tescois
now"placingemphasisonotherpartsoftheworld,nsaysaspokesman.
Carrefourisheadinginthesamedirection:in2002,itopenedone
hypermarketinFranceandfourinPoland.
(暂缺第26题)
Accordingtothepassage,theauthor
A.ismadatBritain'spreventionofsuperstores.
B.isinfavorofFranceJsrestrictionsonbigstores.
C.isimpartialandmakesnotendentiousstatements.
D.hasmadesomefavorablecominentsonretailers.
3.{{BHTEXTC{{/B}}
Marriagemaybeaboutlove,butdivorceisabusiness.ForgIobaI
couples-bornindifferentcountries,marriedinathird,nowworking
somewhereelseandwithchiIdren,pensionsandotherassetssprinkled
overtheworId-acontesteddivorceisblissforlawyersandanightmare
forothers.
Divorcelawsvarywildly,fromcountries(suchasMaIta)thatstill
forbidittoIslamicstateswhereforthehusband,atleast-itmaybe
obtainedinminutes.Rulesonthedivisionofpropertyandfuture
financialobiigationsvaryhugeIytoo.Franceexpectsthepoorerparty,
usuallythewife,tostartfendingforherselfaImostimmediateIy;
EnglandandsomeAmericanstatesinsistonIifeIongsupport.Somesystems
lookonlyatthe"acquest";otherscountthelot.Afew,IikeAustria,
stillIinkcashtobIame.JapanoffersatemptingIyquickcheapbreak,
but-forforeigners-IittIeornoenforceablecontactwiththekids
thereafter,notesJeremyMorley,aNewYork-basedninternationaIdivorce
strategist11.OtherpIacesmaybemum-friendlywhenitcomestomoneybut
dad-friendlyonchildcustody.
TheEuropeanUnionistryingtotidyupitsdivorcelaws.Areform
in2001calledBrussels11triedtostopforumshopping,inwhicheach
partysoughtthemostfavourablejurisdiction,byrulingthatthefirst
courttobeapproacheddecidesthedivorce.Thatworked-butatthecost
ofencouragingtrigger-happyspousestokiIItroubledmarriagesquickly,
ratherthantryingtopatchthemup.This,saysDavidHodsonraspecialist
ininternationaldivorcelaw,favoursthe“wealthier,moreaggressive,
moreunscrupulousparty11.Itgoesagainstthegeneraltrendtowards
counselIingrmediationandout-of-courtsettIement.
AnEUmeasurecalledRomeIII,nowundernegotiationandpenciIIedin
tocomeintoforcein2008,triestoensurethatthemarriageisended
bythelawthathasgoverneditmostclosely.ItmaybeeasyforaDutch
courttoapplyBelgianlawwhendealingwiththeuncontesteddivorceof
aBelgiancouple,butlesssoforaSpanishcourttoapplyPolishrules,
letaloneIranianorIndonesian,andespeciaIIynotwhenthedivorceis
contested.
SuchsnagsmakeRomeIIIHIaughabIyidiotic-arecipeforincreasing
costsaccordingtoJohnCornwelI,aLondonlawyer.BritainandIreIand
saytheywiIIoptout.That,saysMr.Hodson,wiIIgiveafurtheredge
toLondon.Sinceajudgmentin2000entrenchedtheprincipieof"equalityn
indivisionofmarital,assets,England,hometohundredsofthousands
ofexpatriates,hasbecomeaMMeccaforwives”,saysLouiseSpitzof
Manches,aLondonlawfirm.DavidTruex,whorunsaspeciaIist
internationaldivorceoutfit,reckonsthatatleastafifthofdivorce
casesregisteredinLondon1shighercourtsnowhaveaninternational
element.
ForthetypicalgIobaIcouple,suchhigh-profiIe,big-moneycases
matterlessthanthethreebasic(anddeeplyunromanticfactors)in
marriageplanning.AccordingtoMr.Truex,arichmanshouldchoosehis
bridefromacountrywithastingydivorcelawrsuchasSwedenorFrance,
andmarryherthere.Second,heshoulddrawupapre-nuptialagreement.
ThesearebindinginmanycountriesandhavebeguntocounteveninEngIand.
Third,oncedivorcelooms,awifemaywanttomovetoEnglandorAmerica
(butshouldavoidno-aIimonystatessuchasFlorida)Iforhusbands,
stayingincontinentaIEuropeiswise.
OutsideEurope,thecountry——orAmericanState——deemedthemost
“appropriate"intermsofthecouple1sfamilyandbusinessconnections
wiIInormallygettohearthecase.Butheretoounilateralactionmay
bedecisive.WhenEarISpencer,brotherofPrincessDianardivorcedhis
firstwifehesurprisedherbyissuingproceedingsinSouthAfricawhere
theywerethenIiving.InEngland,wheretheyhadbeendomiciled,she
mighthavegotabetterdeal.Sheendedupsuingherlawyers.
ThelessonforcoupIesHowyouIivemaydeterminetheIengthand
happinessofyourmarriage.WhereyouIiveislikelytodeterminehow
itends.
RomeI11isquestionedbysomepeopIebecause
A.itisnotapplicable.
B.itcostsahugesumofmoney.
C.somecountriesareopposedtoit.
D.itisridiculous.
4.
{(Bl}TEXTA({/B}}
Exceptatnight,theyhardlyeverhavetimetogether.Heoftensits
aloneinthehousewaitingforJuIie-JuIietocomehome.Itwouldbenice
tohavekidstoplaywithwhenonecomeshomefromwork.But,Oh,the
houseistoosmaIIvKappy-Pappydear.Weneedtosaveandmovetoabigger
placebeforewecanstartafamiIy.
Kapsakneverunderstandsthat.Whatdoesabighousehavetodowith
havingchiIdrenWhenheandEkaUdohadchiIdren,didtheyhaveabig
houseButtheydied,didn5ttheyAndthedoctorlatersaidsomething
aboutcrampedIivingconditionsmakingiteasyformalariatovirtuaIIy
wipeouthisfamily.SomaybeJuIie-JuIiehasapoint.AlIhischiIdren
haddiedbecauseofbeingcoopedupinoneroom.AlIexceptUdo.UdoKapsak
wouldnotordinarilyadmititbutthetruthishemissestheboysomuch.
Udo'sfu11-facedsmiIe.Hisquirky-chirpyways.Hisinnocentprobing
manner.OhUdo!He'IIbeapproachingfivenow.Five!Abigbaby!
Sighingnoisily,Kapsaktriestoputthoughtsofhissonoutofhis
mind.Hehasnotseentheboyinoverthreeyears.Andmaybehehasgone
thewayhisbrotherandsisterswent.No.NotIikely.Awadamotowould
havetoldhim.Awadamoto.It'sbeenalongtimesinceKapsaksawhim.
Throwingonashirt,Kapsakhurriesofftothetaxirankinthebusiness
district."Kapsak,Kapsak!"AwadamotocheersashischiIdhoodfriend
approaches."Awadamoto!Youhaveabandonedme!HnUsethatwordIightly,
Kapsak.Youknowwhohasdonethemostabandoningbetweenmeandyou.u
11ButAwad,weIivehereintowntogether.n"Blamethatwifeofyours.
IdidnotgotoschoolandIdon,tlikegoingnearpeopIewhomakeme
rememberthatalIthetime."Kapsakhasitinmindtosaysomethinggood
abouthiswife,butsomethingelsejumpstohismouth.
"ComeAwad,whatisGestapo"''Gestapo”"No,Gestapo.11"Man,Idon'
tknow.Wheredidyouhearit”“Eh,Ihearditsomewhere.Howisthe
viIIagenExactlyasyouleftit.""And..."EkaUdo”"Yes.Howis
she“nHowdoesitconcernyouAnyway,Iheardsomebigchieffromher
mother1sviIIagehastakenherforhisthirdwife.”“WhatofmysonIs
itweIIwithhim""Youwouldhaveknownifyouhadbotheredtogoand
checkonhim.Look,it'smyturn."Bawlingouttopassengerstoclimb
intohisramshackletaxi,AwadamotoambIesoff.
ItispouringheavilywhenJuIie-JuIiereturns.Outside,itisrain.
Inside,itisconfusion.Kapsakisatfirsthappytoseeherbacksafely.
Thenhishappinessturnstoangerasshecarriesonaboutwhatanexciting
timeshehad.FinallyhisangersuccumbstohergentIecaressesand
passionrulestheirworld.JuIie-JuIieshootsoutatfirstIight."1,
vegottoseesomeoneurgently,Kappy-Pappy."Kappy-Pappy,thatismy
namenow,Kapsaklaughstohimselfasheshufflesofftotheconstruction
sitewherehemanagestoearnafewbucks.Onhiswayintothemainyard,
heducksoutofthewayofafast-movingfour-wheeldrivevehicledriven
byanexpatriate.CursingIightIyrhelooksbacktoseethedriverIocked
inapassionatekisswithawomanwithluxurianthair.
"NowonderhenearlykiIIedme!11Kapsakspitsout."Earlymorningand
hesalready...”
Hismouthremainsopenbutthewordsdryup.Iikethewatertapsof
thecity.Thewomanwiththeexpatriateturnsmomentarily,perhapsto
pickupsomethingfromthebackseat.Inthatinstant,KapsakseescIearIy
thewomanforwhomhehadlefthisfirstwifeandforsakenhisfamily
andpeopIe.
Buthedoesnotseetheearthmoverinfrontofhim.Neitherdoeshe
hearitspowerfulhorns.Andthedriveroftheearthmoverdoesnotsee
Kapsak.Bythetimesomeonenoticesthecrushedfigurelyingbythe
roadside,abIackeningpoolofbloodhasbeguntoseepintotheearth.
Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldprobablybe
A.KapaskandJulie.
B.DeathofKapask.
C.LoveAffairs.
D.KapaskJsChildren.
5.{{B}}TEXTC{{/B}}
Marriagemaybeaboutlove,butdivorceisabusiness.Forglobal
couples-bornindifferentcountries,marriedinathird,nowworking
somewhereelseandwithchiIdren,pensionsandotherassetssprinkled
overtheworld-acontesteddivorceisblissforlawyersandanightmare
forothers.
Divorcelawsvarywildly,fromcountries(suchasMaIta)thatstill
forbidittoIslamicstateswhereforthehusband,atleast——itmaybe
obtainedinminutes.Rulesonthedivisionofpropertyandfuture
financialobiigationsvaryhugeIytoo.Franceexpectsthepoorerparty,
usuallythewife,tostartfendingforherselfaImostimmediateIy;
EnglandandsomeAmericanstatesinsistonIifeIongsupport.Somesystems
lookonlyatthe"acquestn;otherscountthelot.Afew,IikeAustria,
stillIinkcashtobIame.JapanoffersatemptingIyquickcheapbreak,
but-forforeigners-IittIeornoenforceablecontactwiththekids
thereafter,notesJeremyMorley,aNewYork-based"internationaldivorce
strategist'1.OtherpIacesmaybemum-friendlywhenitcomestomoneybut
dad-friendlyonchildcustody.
TheEuropeanUnionistryingtotidyupitsdivorcelaws.Areform
in2001calledBrussels11triedtostopforumshopping,inwhicheach
partysoughtthemostfavourablejurisdiction,byrulingthatthefirst
courttobeapproacheddecidesthedivorce.Thatworked-butatthecost
ofencouragingtrigger-happyspousestokiIItroubledmarriagesquickly,
ratherthantryingtopatchthemup.This,saysDavidHodson,aspecialist
ininternationaldivorcelaw,favoursthe“wealthier,moreaggressive,
moreunscrupulousparty”.Itgoesagainstthegeneraltrendtowards
counselIingrmediationandout-of-courtsettIement.
AnEUmeasurecalledRomeIIIfnowundernegotiationandpenciIIedin
tocomeintoforcein2008,triestoensurethatthemarriageisended
bythelawthathasgoverneditmostclosely.ItmaybeeasyforaDutch
courttoapplyBelgianlawwhendealingwiththeuncontesteddivorceof
aBelgiancoupIe,butlesssoforaSpanishcourttoapplyPolishrules,
letaloneIranianorIndonesian,andespeciallynotwhenthedivorceis
contested.
SuchsnagsmakeRomeIII"IaughabIyidiotic-arecipeforincreasing
costsaccordingtoJohnCornwelI,aLondonlawyer.BritainandIreIand
saytheywiIIoptout.That,saysMr.Hodson,wiIIgiveafurtheredge
toLondon.Sinceajudgmentin2000entrenchedtheprincipIeof"equalityn
indivisionofmarital,assets,England,hometohundredsofthousands
ofexpatriates,hasbecomeanMeccaforwives”,saysLouiseSpitzof
Manches,aLondonlawfirm.DavidTruex,whorunsaspeciaIist
internationaldivorceoutfit,reckonsthatatleastafifthofdivorce
casesregisteredinLondon'shighercourtsnowhaveaninternational
element.
ForthetypicalgIobaIcouple,suchhigh-profiIe,big-moneycases
matterlessthanthethreebasic(anddeeplyunromanticfactors)in
marriageplanning.AccordingtoMr.Truex,arichmanshouldchoosehis
bridefromacountrywithastingydivorcelawrsuchasSwedenorFrance,
andmarryherthere.Second,heshoulddrawupapre-nuptialagreement.
ThesearebindinginmanycountriesandhavebeguntocounteveninEngIand.
Third,oncedivorcelooms,awifemaywanttomovetoEnglandorAmerica
(butshouldavoidno-aIimonystatessuchasFlorida)Iforhusbands,
stayingincontinentaIEuropeiswise.
OutsideEurope,thecountry-orAmericanState-deemedthemost
"appropriate“intermsofthecouple'sfamilyandbusinessconnections
wiIInormallygettohearthecase.Butheretoounilateralactionmay
bedecisive.WhenEarISpencer,brotherofPrincessDiana,divorcedhis
firstwifehesurprisedherbyissuingproceedingsinSouthAfricawhere
theywerethenIiving.InEngland,wheretheyhadbeendomiciled,she
mighthavegotabetterdeal.Sheendedupsuingherlawyers.
ThelessonforcoupIesHowyouIivemaydeterminetheIengthand
happinessofyourmarriage.WhereyouIiveislikelytodeterminehow
itends.
ThetextintendstotelIusthat
A.Englishdivorcelawsarefavorabletothewivesoftroubledcouples.
B.richpeoplewithwobblymarriagesneedthinkaboutwheretheylive.
C.internationalmarriagesarenotasstableaslocalmarriages.
D.thereformofdivorcelawsinEuropeisquestioned.
6.
Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
A.Tointerviewafewjobapplicants.
B.Tofillavacancyinthecompany.
C.Toadvertiseforajuniorsalesmanager.
D.Toapplyforajobinamajornewspaper.
7.
Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
A.ThelatestdevelopmentsofanarmedrebellioninKarnak.
B.ThefallofKarnak'scapitalcityintothehandsoftherebelforces
C.TheepidemicthathasjustbrokenoutinthecountryofKarnak.
D.ThepeacetalksbetweentherebelsandthegovernmentinKarnak.
8.
Questions11to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
A.Sheisn'tgoingtochangehermajor.
B.Sheplanstomajorintaxlaw.
C.Shestudiesinthesameschoolasherbrother.
D.Sheisn,tgoingtoworkinherbrotherJsfirm.
9.
{{B}}PassageOne{{/B}}
Question
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