高考英语二轮复习【知识精讲精研】 阅读理解讲解课件

阅读理解高考阅读考核微技能要求理解主旨要义理解文中具体信息根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义做出判断和推理理解文章的基本结构理解作者的意图、观点和态度要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：体裁：记叙文

主题语境：人与自然

大意：文章讲述了JohnTodd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。2023新课标卷IB篇文章来源：HeroesoftheEnvironment_TrueStoriesofPeopleWhoAreHelping

toProtectOurPlanet[2009]--HarrietRohmer,JulieMcLaughlinStep2：快速浏览全文，了解文章基本结构Step3：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题step1语篇分析

whoB【1】WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.【2】Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.【3】ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).

First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.【4】Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.【5】Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.【6】

“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”Step2：快速浏览全文，了解文章基本结构找出记叙文六要素：when,where,who,what,why,howwhathowapplictionandreflectionparad.1-2JohnTodddecidedbuildaneco-machine.parad.3-4HowJohnbuilttheeco-machine.parad.5-6applicationoftheeco-machineandreflectiononthebasisofit.24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.

B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

D.Helongedtobeadoctor.【1】WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.【2】Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.快速定位解析：理解具体信息。根据第一段中的explore、observing和wonder以及第二段中的observingnature和askingquestions可知，John从小就喜欢探究和观察大自然；喜欢动脑筋，善于思考，故选C。Step3：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题探索观察好奇他有求知欲。弄懂C.Hehadaninquiringmind.inquirevt.询问，调查，查究，查问inquiringmind探索之心25.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?

A.Tofeedtheanimals.

B.Tobuildanecosystem.

C.Toprotecttheplants.

【3】ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.【4】Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.解析：理解具体信息。第三段首句说明了John的目的，即利用自己的装置去除污泥中的有害物质，接下来介绍了他的eco-machine的制作过程，即他首先设计了相互连接的一系列的玻璃纤维箱，然后从当地的池塘和小溪带回来了一些动植物，这些玻璃纤维箱和这些动植物逐渐形成了一个生态体系，为了测试这个生态体系是不是有自我净化功能，John把污泥放进了水箱里。选D。Step3：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题过程结果D.Totesttheeco-machine.起因快速定位干扰项B.tobuildanecosystem易错题26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?

A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans.

B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.

C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs.

D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.【5】Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.➊Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.➋Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.解析：理解目的。第五段列举了两个实例，第一个例子说明了John开发了一个类似于温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水，第二个例子说明了他开发了一个生态机器来处理福州运河的水，由此可知，作者提及福州是为了展示John想法的一个具体应用。选B。Step3：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题Example1Example2主旨句27.WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?

B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.

C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.

D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.【1】WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.【6】

“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”解析：理解具体信息。结合首尾段内容可知，John的生态净化机器是基于“大自然具有自我修复的功能”这一依据制成的。选A。Step3：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题A.Naturecanrepairitself.首尾呼应首段尾段体裁：说明文

主题语境：人与自然

大意：讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2000多头，但也带来了一些问题。2023全国甲卷D篇Step2：快速浏览全文，了解文章基本结构Step3：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题step1语篇分析

【1】

Grizzlybears,（whichmaygrowtoabout2.5mlongandweighover400kg）,occupyaconflictedcorneroftheAmericanpsyche—werevere(敬畏)themevenastheygiveusfrighteningdreams.AskthetouristsfromaroundtheworldthatfloodintoYellowstoneNationalParkwhattheymosthopetosee,andtheiranswerisoftenthesame:agrizzlybear.

【2】“Grizzlybearsarere-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange,”saysbearbiologistChrisServheen.Asgrizzlybearsexpandtheirrangeintoplaceswheretheyhaven’tbeenseeninacenturyormore,they’reincreasinglybeingsightedbyhumans.

【3】ThewesternhalfoftheU.S.wasfullofgrizzlieswhenEuropeanscame,witharoughnumberof50,000ormorelivingalongsideNativeAmericans.Bytheearly1970s,aftercenturiesofcruelandcontinuoushuntingbysettlers,600to800grizzliesremainedonamere2percentoftheirformerrangeintheNorthernRockies.In1975,grizzlieswerelistedundertheEndangeredSpeciesAct.

【4】Today,thereareabout2,000ormoregrizzlybearsintheU.S.TheirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthattheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedtode-listgrizzlies,whichwouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobehunted.Botheffortswereoverturnedduetolawsuitsfromconservationgroups.Fornow,grizzliesremainlisted.

【5】Obviously,ifprecautions(预防)aren’ttaken,grizzliescanbecometroublesome,sometimeskillingfarmanimalsorwalkingthroughyardsinsearchoffood.Ifpeopleremovefoodandattractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites,grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble.Puttingelectricfencingaroundchickenhousesandotherfarmanimalquartersisalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway.“Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractant-freeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits,”saysJamesJonkel,longtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula.leadingtothetopic---Grizzlybearspresentsituation

historicalsituationreasonsforpresentsituationsolutiontothetroublecausedbygrizzlybearsStep2：快速浏览全文，了解文章基本结构解析：理解具体信息。根据第一段中“Grizzlybears,whichmaygrowtoabout2.5mlongandweighover400kg,occupyaconflictedcorneroftheAmericanpsyche-wereverethemevenastheygiveusfrighteningdreams.(灰熊可以长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在美国人的心理中占据着一个矛盾的角落——即使它们给我们带来可怕的梦，我们也敬畏它们)”可知，美国人对灰熊既有害怕，又有敬畏，他们的情感是混合的。故选A项。

【1Grizzlybears,（whichmaygrowtoabout2.5mlongandweighover400kg定语从句省略）,occupya

conflictedcorneroftheAmericanpsyche

—werevere(敬畏)themevenastheygiveusfrighteningdreams.AskthetouristsfromaroundtheworldthatfloodintoYellowstoneNationalParkwhattheymosthopetosee,andtheiranswerisoftenthesame:agrizzlybear.32.HowdoAmericanslookatgrizzlies?A.Theycausemixedfeelingsinpeople.B.Theyshouldbekeptinnationalparks.C.Theyareofhighscientificvalue.D.TheyareasymbolofAmericanculture.Step3：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题conflictv.产生矛盾，冲突conflictedadj.矛盾的，不知所措的psychen.心理，心灵psychologyn.心理学--psychologicaladj.心理上的psychologistn.心理学家revere/rɪˈvɪə(r)/v~sb(assth)(formal)tofeelgreatrespectoradmirationforsb/sth尊敬；崇敬(awevt)floodinto大量涌入floodoutof蜂拥而出快速定位Tips:此处注意破折号、which引导定语从句，解释说明的信号词that’stosay,thatis,inotherwords等33.Whathashelpedtheincreaseofthegrizzlypopulation?A.TheEuropeansettlers’behavior.B.Theexpansionofbears’range.C.Theprotectionbylawsince1975.D.ThesupportofNativeAmericans.【3】ThewesternhalfoftheU.S.wasfullofgrizzlieswhenEuropeanscame,witharoughnumberof50,000ormorelivingalongsideNativeAmericans.Bytheearly1970s,aftercenturiesofcruelandcontinuoushuntingbysettlers,600to800grizzliesremainedonamere2percentoftheirformerrangeintheNorthernRockies.In1975,grizzlieswerelistedundertheEndangeredSpeciesAct.【4】Today,thereareabout2,000ormoregrizzlybearsintheU.S.TheirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthattheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedtode-listgrizzlies,whichwouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobehunted.Botheffortswereoverturnedduetolawsuitsfromconservationgroups.Fornow,grizzliesremainlisted.Step3：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题快速定位解析：理解具体细节。根据第三段最后一句“In1975,grizzlieswerelistedundertheEndangeredSpeciesAct.(1975年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》)”可推知，由于1975年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C项。34.WhathasstoppedtheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicefromdelistinggrizzlies?A.Theoppositionofconservationgroups.B.Thesuccessfulcomebackofgrizzlies.C.Thevoiceofthebiologists.D.Thelocalfarmers’advocates.【4】Today,thereareabout2,000ormoregrizzlybearsintheU.S.TheirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthattheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedtode-listgrizzlies,whichwouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobehunted.Botheffortswere

overturnedduetolawsuitsfromconservationgroups.Fornow,grizzliesremainlisted.Step3：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题快速定位解析：理解具体细节。根据第四段中“.Botheffortswereoverturnedduetolawsuitsfromconservationgroups.Fornow,grizzliesremainlisted.(由于环保组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在名单上)”可知，是环保组织的的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。故选A项。overturnv.推翻，撤销（判决等）---turnoverv.翻身，（使）倾覆de-listv.从清单上去除，取消资格de-前缀意思是“向下的，否定的，离开的”如：decrease、decline、devalue(贬低，贬值)、degrade(降级)、decay(衰退，腐败)、delete（删除）、deprive（剥夺）、depress、depart(离开)等。lawsuitn.法律诉讼，起诉Step3：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题解析：推理判断。根据最后一段可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B项。

【5】Obviously,ifprecautions(预防)aren’ttaken,grizzliescanbecometroublesome,sometimeskillingfarmanimalsorwalkingthroughyardsinsearchoffood.Ifpeopleremovefoodandattractants

fromtheiryardsandcampsites,grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble.

Puttingelectricfencingaroundchickenhousesandotherfarmanimalquartersisalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway.“Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractant-freeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits,”saysJamesJonkel,longtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula.35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Foodshouldbeprovidedforgrizzlies.B.Peoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzlies.C.Aspecialpathshouldbebuiltforgrizzlies.(干扰项）D.Technologycanbeintroducedtoprotectgrizzlies.attractantnn.（对动物等的）引诱物、引诱剂attract---attractant类似构词法的词汇

有：assist--assitant、account--accountant、participate--participant、pollute--pollutant(污染物)determine--determinant(决定性因素)（9月调考）campsiten.营地typically

adv.通常；一般;不出所料；果然快速定位solutiontotheproblemcausedbygrizzlybears-----creatanenvironmentwherehumanandbearsliveinharmony长难句分析Asgrizzlybearsexpandtheirrangeintoplaces（wheretheyhaven’tbeenseeninacenturyormore,they’reincreasinglybeingsightedbyhumans.定语从句）35.Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractant-freeplace（wherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits定语从句）体裁：说明文

主题语境：人与自然

大意：介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展2023浙江1月

D篇Step2：快速浏览全文，了解文章基本结构Step3：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题step1语篇分析（浙江1月）D【1】AccordingtotheSolarEnergyIndustryAssociation,thenumberofsolarpanelsinstalled(安装)hasgrownrapidlyinthepastdecade,andithastogrowevenfastertomeetclimategoals.Butallofthatgrowthwilltakeupalotofspace,andthoughmoreandmorepeopleaccepttheconceptofsolarenergy,fewlikelargesolarpanelstobeinstallednearthem.【2】Solardeveloperswanttoputuppanelsasquicklyandcheaplyaspossible,sotheyhaven’tgivenmuchthoughttowhattheyputunderthem.Often,they’llendupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicalstocontrolweeds.Theresultisthatmanycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyersofthesoil.【3】“Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,”saysJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovativeSitePreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment(InSPIRE)project.“Theyneedtobeprotectorsofthelandandcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy.”InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“low-impact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneoftheeasiestlow-impactsolarstrategiesisprovidinghabitatforpollinators(传粉昆虫).【4】Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsoverthepastcoupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheU.S.agriculturaleconomy.Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.Conservationorganizationsputoutpollinator-friendlinessguidelinesforhomegardens,businesses,schools,cities—andnowthereareguidelinesforsolarfarms.【5】Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsintoashelterforvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoilimprovementandcarbonreduction.“Thesepollinator-friendlysolarfarmscanhaveavaluableimpactoneverythingthat’sgoingoninthelandscape,”saysMacknick.Step2：快速浏览全文，了解文章基本结构problemscausedbysolarfarmsolutionstotheproblem--providinghabitateffectofthesolution32.Whatdosolardevelopersoftenignore?A.Thedeclineinthedemandforsolarenergy.B.Thenegativeimpactofinstallingsolarpanels.C.Therisinglaborcostofbuildingsolarfarms.D.Themostrecentadvancesinsolartechnology.【1】AccordingtotheSolarEnergyIndustryAssociation,thenumberofsolarpanelsinstalled(安装)hasgrownrapidlyinthepastdecade,andithastogrowevenfastertomeetclimategoals.Butallofthatgrowthwilltakeupalotofspace,andthoughmoreandmorepeopleaccepttheconceptofsolarenergy,fewlikelargesolarpanelstobeinstallednearthem.【2】Solardeveloperswanttoputuppanelsasquicklyandcheaplyaspossible,sotheyhaven’tgivenmuchthoughttowhattheyputunderthem.Often,they’llendupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicalstocontrolweeds.Theresultisthatmanycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyersofthesoil.Step3：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题快速定位解析：推理判断。根据第二段可推知，太阳能开发者采用不环保的方式处理太阳能板安装后产生的问题，导致人们把太阳能农场看作是土壤的破坏者，由此可以推断，开发者在安装太阳能板后忽略了其带来的负面影响。故选B项。paneln.面板;专题讨论小组;陪审团solarpanels太阳能电池板installv.安装;设置takeup占据,吸引(注意力);开始从事putup张贴;建造fillsth.withsth.装满；填满regionn.地区；区域see…as…把……看做……Step3：审题—准确定位（题文同序）—做题33.WhatdoesInSPIREaimtodo?A.Improvetheproductivityoflocalfarms.B.Inventnewmethodsforcontrollingweeds.C.Makesolarprojectsenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Promotetheuseofsolarenergyinruralareas.3】“Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,”saysJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovativeSitePreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment(InSPIRE)project.“Theyneedtobeprotectorsofthelandandcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy.”InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“low-impact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneoftheeasiestlow-impactsolarstrategiesisprovidinghabitatforpollinators(传粉昆虫).快速定位解析：细节理解。根据第三段中的“InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“low-impact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。)”可知，InSPIRE采用有好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场更加环保。故选C项。innovatev.创新-innovationn.–innovativeadj.protectv.保护-protectionn.contributeto有助于,促进,对…有贡献agriculturen.–agriculturaladj.economyn.-economicadj.practicalapproachesfocusononeoftheadj.最高级名词复数+单数谓语pollinatev.pollinatorn.34.Whatisthepurposeofthelawsmentionedinparagraph4?A.Toconservepollinators. B.Torestrictsolardevelopment.C.Todiversifytheeconomy. D.Toensurethesupplyofenergy.【4】Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsoverthepastcoupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheU.S.agriculturaleconomy.Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.Conservationorganizationsputoutpollinator-friendlinessguidelinesforhomegardens,businesses,schools,cities—andnowthereareguidelinesforsolarfarms.快速定位解析：细节理解。根据第四段中的“Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopol