虚拟语气-课件(共51张)

Definition陈述语气（theIndicativeMood）用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。虚拟语气（theSubjunctiveMood）表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。第一页第二页，共50页。1.虚拟语气的考点1、if条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、if条件句中虚拟语气的几大考点；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。第二页第三页，共50页。if引导的虚拟条件句第三页第四页，共50页。区别:Ifitrainstomorrow,thecropswillbesaved. 陈述语气

Ifitrainedtomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved. 虚拟语气第四页第五页，共50页。IfI

am

free,Iwillvisityou.IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyintothesky.

（虚拟条件句）(真实条件句）第五页第六页，共50页。If+主

+did(were),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形IfIwere

you,Iwouldtryitagain.1.如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。IfIhadonemilliondollars,I

wouldbuytheplane.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句第六页第七页，共50页。If+主

+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式（havedone）Ifhehadworkedhard,he

wouldhavepassed

theexamination.1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。IfIhadmarriedher,Iwouldhavebeenunhappy.2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句第七页第八页，共50页。与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)Ifhecameheretomorrow,Iwouldtell

himaboutit.Ifheweretocomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtell

him.1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.2.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他.If+主

+did(wereto/shoulddo),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形第八页第九页，共50页。一、一般条件句中的虚拟语气时间If条件句主句过去现在

将来第九页第十页，共50页。一、一般条件句中的虚拟语气时间If条件句主句过去haddonewouldshould+havedonesthcouldmight现在助动词be用were实义动词do用did

wouldshould+dosthcouldmight将来did/wereshoulddoweretodowouldshould+dosthcouldMight第十页第十一页，共50页。1.Ifyou__________tomorrow,you_________findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.A.shouldcome;wouldB.wouldcome;wouldC.willcome;shouldD.comes;might2.Iftheparents______atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.A.arrivesB.arriveC.hadarrivedD.hasarrived第十一页第十二页，共50页。3.Ifhe_________，he___________thatfood.

Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnothavetakenB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken第十二页第十三页，共50页。4.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe__________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome

5.Ifmylawyer_______herelastSunday,he_____mefromgoingA.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented第十三页第十四页，共50页。If虚拟句的注意点第十四页第十五页，共50页。注意点一条件状语的倒装：如果条件状语从句中有were,had,should时,可以去掉if从句倒装成：Were/Should/Had

+主+其他WereIyou,

Iwouldtryitagain.

Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.

Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.第十五页第十六页，共50页。1.Wereit(________)notfortheirhelp,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.2.HadI(=____)knownaboutit,Iwouldhavetoldyou.3.Shouldanyone(=________)call,pleasetakeamessage.Whatwouldhavehappened,_____asfarastheriverbank?Bobhadwalkedfarther B.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfarther D.ifBobwalkedfartherC考题点击：(=IfitwereIfIhadIfanyoneshould第十六页第十七页，共50页。1._______theexam,hewouldhaveattendacollege.A.IfhepassedB.HadhepassedC.WerehepassedD.Ifheshouldpass2.______fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.A.IfyoushouldarriveB.IfyouarriveC.HadyouarrivedD.Shouldyouarrive3.______itraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheScienceMuseum.A.WereB.shouldC.wouldD.will第十七页第十八页，共50页。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）第十八页第十九页，共50页。Ifyou_____himyesterday,you_____whattodonow.asked…wouldknowB.hadasked…wouldhaveknownC.askedhim…knowD.hadasked…wouldknowDIfyouhadn’tboughttheticketlastweek,howwouldyougonow?考题点击：虚拟语气中，常出现从句与主句表示不同时期的事情，此时，从句与主句则分别用不同时态的虚拟语气。注意点二混合虚拟语气（错综条件句）第十九页第二十页，共50页。常用含蓄虚拟语气的情况：规则1：ifonly意为“要是……就好了”(与wish后面的虚拟语气类似)规则2：without/butfor如果没有……，……就会规则3：otherwise/or否则，不然的话，就会……。注意点三含蓄虚拟语气第二十页第二十一页，共50页。3.without/butfor/构成虚拟。butfor要不是Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.条件暗含在分词短语without/butfor...中

第二十一页第二十二页，共50页。１.Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.２.Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.3.Shewasn’tfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldn’thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.考题点击：Iwentbyplane;otherwiseI____muchlongertime.

A.couldtakeB.wouldtakeC.willhavetakenD.wouldhavetakenD第二十二页第二十三页，共50页。Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavesucceeded.Nothingcouldlivewithoutthesun.考题点击：Withoutyourhelp,we____suchrapidprogress.A.couldn’tmakeB.wouldn’tmakeC.willnothavemadeD.wouldn’thavemadeD第二十三页第二十四页，共50页。名词性从句中的虚拟句第二十四页第二十五页，共50页。宾语从句中的虚拟语气句式一：wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。例如:1)与现在事实相反:

wish+(that)+did(were)

IwishIwere

ashealthyasyou.IwishthatIhad

aplane.2)与过去事实相反:

wish+(that)+haddoneIwishIhadbeen

totheconcertlastnight.Iwishyouhadwritten

tohim.3)与将来事实相反

:wish+would/could/might+doIwishhewouldforgive

me.第二十五页第二十六页，共50页。句式二：

在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。常见的动词有:一个坚持insist;两个命令order,command;三条建议suggest,advise,propose;四项要求demand,request,require,注意：:suggest表暗示表明时insist表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气Heorderedthatthestudents(should)washtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.Thedoctorsuggestedthatshe(should)have

anoperationatonce.第二十六页第二十七页，共50页。

以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以

(should)+v原.的形式出现。1.Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomefirstbeforecominghere.3.Hisrequestthathiscost(should)bepaid

bythehouriscompletelyreasonable.4.Theordercamethatthework(should)befinishedtwodaysaheadoftime2.Myadviceisthatyou(should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible第二十七页第二十八页，共50页。考题点击：Isitnecessarythathe_____theexamination?

A.takeB.hastotakeC.musttakeD.take2.Itisstrangethathe_____youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastold3.Itwasorderedthatnosmoking____inthe

library.A.shouldallowB.beallowedC.willbeallowedD.isallowedDBB第二十八页第二十九页，共50页。句式四：wouldrather/prefer＋that­从句(从句用虚拟语气)(1)表示愿望与“现在事实相反”，从句用一般过去时(2)表示愿望与“过去事实相反”，从句用过去完成时，第二十九页第三十页，共50页。wouldratherthat现在：过去：未来：过去时过去完成时过去时Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.第三十页第三十一页，共50页。主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型：

1.Itbe+过去分词+that…+(should)+动词原形+…过去分词：suggested,requested,ordered,proposed…Itisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.

It’ssuggestedthateverybody(should)buyadictionary.2.Itbe+形容词+that…+(should)+动词原形+…形容词:important,necessary,natural,right,wrong,better,proper,funny,strange,surprising…Itisnecessarythatwe(should)haveawalknow.It'simportantthatwe(should)takegoodcareofthepatient.3.Itbe+名词（apity/ashame/nowonder）that…

+(should)+动词原形+…第三十一页第三十二页，共50页。表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice,decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。

Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.

1)表语从句:2)同位语从句:Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.第三十二页第三十三页，共50页。考题点击：Hissuggestionthatyou_____oncemoresoundsreasonable.

A.try B.tries C.musttryD.cantry2.Hegaveanadvicethatthey____eachother.A.helpedB.musthelpC.helpD.hadhelped3.Mysuggestionisthatafewmorepeople___theretohelpme.A.besentB.havesentC.sentD.shouldsentACA第三十三页第三十四页，共50页。状语从句中的虚拟语气1、用在由asif,asthough引导的状语从句中，表示和现在事实相反或对现在的怀疑，用过去时；表示过去想象中的动作或情况，用过去完成时;表示将来用would+动词原形。（asif/asthough＋从句：从句的虚拟语气与wish后的宾语从句虚拟语气类似）Itseemsasifthemanwerehisbrother.Thisdeviceoperatedasthoughithadbeenrepaired。【注意】asif/asthough连接的从句表示可能的事实时，不需用虚拟语气第三十四页第三十五页，共50页。{HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughheisfromtheUSA. 陈述语气HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewerefromtheUSA. 虚拟语气第三十五页第三十六页，共50页。asif/though+Clause现在：过去：将来:did/were(现在)haddone(过去)Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.HespeaksasifhehadbeentotheUnitedStates.

would+动词原形(将来)第三十六页第三十七页，共50页。状语从句中的虚拟语气2.用在lest,forfearthat和incase引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用should+动词原形或动词原形。Sheclosedthewindowslestshecatchcold.第三十七页第三十八页，共50页。考题点击：1.Wefeltasifwe_____eachotherforyears.A.knewB.wereknowingC.hadknownD.haveknowing2.Hetookawaytheoxygentankforfearthatit______.A.mayexploreB.explodedC.explodeD.hadexplodeCC第三十八页第三十九页，共50页。几种特殊句型中的虚拟第三十九页第四十页，共50页。

1.Ifonly(1)…要是就好了=IwishIfonlyIknewhisnamenow!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvicelasttime!IfonlyIcouldseehimagainnextyear!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!要是我没错过火车就好了.第四十页第四十一页，共50页。比较ifonly与onlyifonlyif表示“只有”；

Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.ifonly则表示“如果……就好了”。其从句中的谓语动词用过去时或过去完成时。IfonlyIknewmore.Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.

第四十一页第四十二页，共50页。2.It’s(high/low)time从句：

Itis(high)timethat后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。

Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.

Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.类似的结构为wouldrather从句：

Iwouldratheryouattendedthemeetingthisafternoon.考题点击：Itistimethatyou_________thewholebook.A.mustgooverB.cangooverC.wentoverD.havegoneoverC第四十二页第四十三页，共50页。3.情境中提供虚拟语气

Supposetherewerenogravity,objectswouldnotfalltothegroundwhendropped.

第四十三页第四十四页，共50页。

巩固练习

1.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe

,shewouldhavemetmybrother.

A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome

2.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit

.

A.breaksB.hasbroken

C.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken

3.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe

inturn,you____sotired.

A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tget

C.weredriving;wouldn’tget

D.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot

4.Without

theairtoholdsomeofthesun’sheat,theearthatnight

,toocoldforustolive.

A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldly

C.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreezecoldly第四十四页第四十五页，共50页。

5.___itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthemeeting.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will

6.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshe__ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe__amedicalexamination.

A.be;shouldhaveB.was;have

C.shouldbe;hadD.was;has

7._____forthefreetickets,Iwouldn’thavegonetothefilmssooften.

A.IfitisnotB.Wereitnot

C.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot

8.YesterdayJanewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,she_____something.

A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid第四十五页第四十六页，共50页。9.Shesaysshe’dratherhe____tomorrowinsteadoftoday.A.hadB.shouldleaveC.leavesD.left10.It’salready5o’clocknow.Don’tyouthinkit’sabouttime____?A.wearegoinghomeB.ifsheleavesC.wewenthomeD.ifshehadleft11IfonlyI____

tomyparents’advice!

A.listening

B.listen

C.amlistening

D.hadlistened

12---Whydidn’tyoucometothepartyyesterday?

---I____

,butanunexp