高中英语语法复习时态

PAGE4Whateveryoudo,dowithallyourmight.不管做什么，都要一心一意。第一讲时态动词主要用来表示动作、状态和性质，而动作和状态的发生有具体的时间和变现方式，这就是英语中动词的时态。动词常见的十种时态：1一般现在时：谓语动词用原形或第三人称单数2.一般过去时：谓语动词用过去时3.一般将来时：谓语动词用will/shall/begoingto+动词原形4.现在进行时态：谓语用am/is/are+现在分词5.将来进行时：谓语用will/shall+be+现在进行时6.现在完成时：谓语用have/has+过去分词7.现在完成进行时：谓语用have/has+been+现在分词8.过去进行时：谓语用was/were+现在分词9.过去完成时：谓语用had+过去分词10.过去将来时：谓语用would+动词原形或was/weregoingto+动词原形解题思路：1.时间观念：弄清空所在的句子是谈现在还是谈过去；2.考查被动语态：高考的很多时态题，往往两个选项是主动语态，两个选项是被动语态，先从主动和被动角度缩小选择范围，再结合时间观念，往往命中率很高。3.考查现在完成时：空所在的句子是谈现在。=1\*GB3①强调对现在造成的影响。设题方式：情景对话（第一句往往是对现在造成的影响）=2\*GB3②强调到现在为止动作已经完成。4.考查过去完成时：表示“过去的过去发生的动作”=1\*GB3①必须找到过去的时间参照点（句中有过去动作）；=2\*GB3②时态的一致性也是解题的重要依据（整句都是过去时态层面）。5.考查一般过去时：一般过去时只说明过去（陈述过去事实），与现在无关。=1\*GB3①时态的一致性（整句都是过去时态层面）；=2\*GB3②有明显的过去时间状语。理论概述：一．动词的五种基本形式：动词原形，第三人称单数，现在分词，过去分词，过去式。Egworkworksworkingworkedworked动词的五种基本形式变化表形式构成例词动词原形不带to的动词不定式形式，也就是一般给的形式be,have,do,learn第三人称单数形式在动词原形后加-s以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾的动词，加-es以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i加es特殊变形：havehasruns,likespasses,does,washes,teaches,fixesStudy-studies,try-tries现在分词在动词原形后加-ing以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e加ing以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写末尾辅音字母，再加ing特殊：以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y,再加ingreadinglive-livingwrite-writingsit-sittingbegin-beginningdie-dyinglie-lyingtie-tying过去式与过去分词（规则变化）在动词后加-ed以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i加ed以e结尾的单词，直接加-d以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写末尾辅音字母，再加ed特殊：见不规则动词过去式及过去分词表workedcarry-carriedstudy-studiedlivedstop-stoppedplan-planned二．动词各种时态的用法1.一般现在时（1）结构陈述句主语+谓语（原形/动词三单）+宾语+…否定式主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形+…一般疑问句Do/Does+主语+动词原形+…特殊疑问句疑问词+一般疑问句(2)用法1)经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与often,always,usually,sometimes,onceaweek,everyday等表频度的副词或时间状语连用。Wehavemealsthreetimesaday.Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.SometimesLucywashesherclothesherself.2)表示客观事实或普遍真理。Thesunrisesintheeast.Theearthgoesaroundthesun.3)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，如果主句是将来时态，从句用一般现在时表将来。（时间状语从句的引导词：when,before,until/till,assoonas,themoment,once.条件状语从句的引导词：if,unless,evenif让步状语从句的引导词：nomatterwhat/who/which/when等,whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever，wherever等。）Ifitrainstomorrowwewon’tgotothepark.I’llgowithyouassoonasIfinishmywork.Whateveryousay,Iwillnotchangemymind.WhenIgrowup,IwillgotoAmerica.4)在某些以here,there开头的句子中，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作Theregoesthebell.铃响了。Herecomesabus.车来了。2.一般过去时（1）结构陈述句主语+谓语（过去式）+宾语+…否定式主语+didn’t+动词原形+…一般疑问句Did+主语+动词原形+…特殊疑问句疑问词+一般疑问句(2)用法1)表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。Igotupatsixthismorning.2)表示过去习惯或经常发生的动作。3.Listen!Thecouple____________(quarrel)intheroom.5.现在完成时（1）结构陈述句主语+have/has+过去分词+其他否定式主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他…一般疑问句Have/has+主语+过去+其他特殊疑问句疑问词+一般疑问句（2）用法1）表示过去发生的或已经完成的莫一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(already,yet,just刚刚，never，before)Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?Yes,Ihave.I’vejusthadit.Hehasturnedoffthelight.(=Thelightisoffnow).IhavealreadywatchedtheTVplay.2)表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下。（for,since,lately,recently,inthepast/lastfewdays,sincethen,uptonow,sofar）for:+一段时间forayearfortwoweeksforthreeyearsSince+过去的某一时刻,sinceninesincelastweeksincethenSince+一般过去时态的时间状语从句sinceyoucame;sinceyougothome.uptonow,tillnow,far,byfar,到目前为止recently,lately最近inthepast/last+一段时间Inthepastfewyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.Hehasbeenbusywritingabookrecently.Hehaswritten8bookssofar.3)This/Itisthefirst/secondtime+that从句。从句谓语用现在完成时。 Thisisthefirsttime(that)Ihavecomehere.这是我第一次来这里。4）在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时间以前已完成的动作。IwillnotbelieveyouunlessIhaveseenitwithmyowneyes.IwillgowithyouassoonasIhavefinishedmywork.5).延续性与非延续性动词的用法瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词、终止性动词。瞬间动词可以用于完成时态，但不可以接表示一段时间的状语。与一段时间连用时，谓语动词应用延续性动词。(for+一段时间，since+时间点)常见的瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换瞬间动词延续性动词瞬间动词延续性动词瞬间动词延续性动词buyhavemarrybemarriedarrive/reachbeborrowkeepcatchacoldhaveacoldopenbeopenputonwearclosebeclosedgetupbeupBegin/startbeonwakeupbeawakecomebeherefallasleepbeasleepgobetherelosenothavefinishbeoverjoinbeindiebedeadleavebeaway非延续性动词与一段时间连用才用以下三种方式处理：将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词将时间按状语改为过去时间，并用一般过去时代替现在完成时用句型itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句（从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的一般过去式）表示Itistwoyearssincetheoldmandied.跟进练习：单句改错及句型转换HehascometoBeijingsincelastyear.Hehasjoinedthearmyfor3years.Hehasbeenasoldiertwoyearsago.Helefthisoffice3hoursago.→He____________fromhisofficefor3hours.It_____________3hourssincehelefthisoffice.Hehasbeendeadfor4years.→He___________ago.Itis________________hedied.6过去完成时（1）结构陈述句主语+had+过去分词+其他否定式主语+had+not+过去分词+其他…一般疑问句Had+主语+过去+其他特殊疑问句疑问词+一般疑问句（2）用法1）表示到过去某个时间已完成的动作或状态。即过去的过去常用的时间状语有：bythen,bythattime,bytheendoflastyear,before2000,bythetime+句子，until等。BythenhehadlearnedEnglishfor3years.到那时，他已经学了3年英语了。Untilthenhehadknownnothingaboutityet.到那时为止，他对此仍一无所知。3）Hardly/Scarcely/Rarelyhad…done…when…;Nosoonerhad…done…than;When和than从句里用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，且用倒装。表示“刚刚……就…..”Hardly(Nosooner)hadIgothomewhen(than)therainpoureddown.我刚一到家，大雨就倾盆而下。HardlyhadIstartedwhenthecargotaflattire.4)Itwas/hadbeen+一段时间+since从句。Since从句的谓语用过去完成时。Itwastenyearssincewehadhadsuchawonderfultime.我们10年没有这么高兴了。5）That/It/Thiswasthefirst/second/thirdtime+that从句。That从句的谓语用过去完成时。ItwasthethirdtimethatIhadpassedtheexam.那是我第三次考试及格。6）表示冤枉、打算一类的词,hope,expect,mean,intend,want,think,suppose等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。IhadhopedtoseemoreofShanghai.(未能如愿)Ihadthoughtyouwouldcometomorrow.补充：将来完成进行表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常与by+将来的某时间连用Bythistimeofnextyear,youwillhavebecomeacollegestudent.6完成进行时（1）意义表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行或感情色彩。（2）结构陈述句主语+have/has+been+现在分词否定式主语+have/has+not+been+现在分词一般疑问句have/has+主语+been+现在分词特殊疑问句疑问词+一般疑问句HehasbeenlearningEnglishfor6years.(强调到现在还在学)Ithasbeenrainingfor3days.（强调抱怨的感情色彩）跟进练习：1.Helen_________(leave)herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband________(come)home.2.I_________(hope)tomeetMr.Thomsonthismorning,butIfoundnobodyleftintheroom.3.WeplantoreachtheNorthPoleinthemid-July,andbythenwe________(walk_)forsixweeks.4.BythetimeyouarriveinNewYork,youwill____________(away)fortwoweeks.5.Didyoufindthemissingcoupleinthemountainyesterday?No,butwe__________(try)togetintouchwiththemeversince.连接高考一：1.AfterJackhadsentsomee-mails,he______workingonhisproject.(2012山东)A.hadstartedB.hasstartedC.startedD.starts2.Themanagerwasconcernedtohearthattwoofhistrustedworkers_____.(2012山东)A.willleaveB.areleavingC.haveleftD.wereleaving3.WhenIgotonthebus,I_________Ihadleftmywalletathome.(2011山东)A.wasrealizing

B.realized

C.haverealized

D.wouldrealize4.Shewassurprisedtofindthefridgeempty;thechild_________everything!(2011山东)A.hadbeeneating

B.hadeaten

C.haveeaten

D.havebeeneating5.Uptonow,theprogram______thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.(2010山东)A.wouldsaveB.savesC.hadsavedD.hassaved6.ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversities______risingsteadilysince1990.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen（2009山东）7.Iwasoutoftownatthetime,soIdon’tknowexactlyhowit______.（2009山东）A.washappeningB.happenedC.happensD.hashappened8.Bythetimeherealizeshe______intoatrap,it’llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.A.walks B.walked C.haswalked D.hadwalked9.Walmart,whichisoneofthelargestAmericansupermarketchains,someofitsstoreopen24hoursonMondaysthroughSaturdays.(2012安徽)A.keepsB.keepC.havekeptD.hadkept10.Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenarea______.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere’snoneleft.A.haverunoutB.arerunningoutC.havebeenrunoutD.arebeingrunout(2012重庆)11.Georgesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthe______.A.wouldn’t B.didn’t C.hasn’t D.hadn’t12.—Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?—Yes,fortunatelynoone_____.(2012北京)A.hurt B.washurt C.hashurt D.hadbeenhurt13.Ourfriendship_____quicklyovertheweeksthatfollowed.(2012北京)A.haddeveloped B.wasdevelopingC.woulddevelop D.developed14.—CanIcallyoubackattwoo’clockthisafternoon?—I’msorry,butbythenI_____toBeijing.Howaboutfive?(2012陕西)A.flyB.willflyC.willbeflyingD.amflying15.Closethedooroffearbehindyou,andyou______thedooroffaithopenbeforeyou.A.sawB.haveseenC.willseeD.areseeing16.—Look!Somebody______thesofa.—Well,itwasn’tme.Ididn’tdoit.(2012江西)A.iscleaningB.wascleaningC.hascleanedD.hadcleaned17.Mum,IwaswonderingifyoucouldlendmeafewdollarsuntilI____onFriday.(2012辽宁)A.getpaidB.gotpaidC.havepaidD.hadbeenpaid18.—Alvin,areyoucomingwithus?—I’dloveto,butsomethingunexpected_______.(2012浙江)A.hascomeupB.wascomingupC.hadcomeupD.wouldcomeup19.ThemanagerissaidtohavearrivedbackfromPariswherehe_____someEuropeanbusinesspartners.A.wouldmeetB.ismeetingC.meets D.hadmet(2012江苏)20.Planningsofarahead______nosensesomanythingswillhavechangedbynextyear.A.madeB.ismakingC.makesD.hasmade(2011全国）21.Ifyoudon’tlikethedrinkyou_____,justleaveitandtryadifferentone.(2011全国)A.orderedB.areorderingC.willorderD.hadordered22.Onhernextbirthday,Ann____marriedfortwentyyears.(2011天津))A.isB.hasbeenC.willbeD.willhavebeen23.Wearrivedatworkinthemorningandfoundthatsomebody____intotheofficeduringthenight.A.brokeB.hadbrokenC.hasbrokenD.wasbreaking（2011江西）24.Tom_____inthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.(2011北京)A.worksB.workedC.hasbeenworkingD.hadbeenworking25.Lastmonth,theJapanesegovernmentexpressedtheirthanksfortheaidthey____fromChina.A.receiveB.arereceivingC.havereceivedD.hadreceived(2011福建)26.Themanagerwasworriedaboutthepressconferencehisassistant____inhisplacebut,luckily,everythingwasgoingonsmoothly.（2011浙江)A.gaveB.givesC.wasgivingD.hadgiven27.Tommyisplanningtobuyacar.Iknow.Bynextmonth,he_____enoughforausedone.(2011江苏)A.savesB.savedC.willsaveD.willhavesaved28.In1492,Columbus_________ononeoftheBahamaIslands,buthemistookitforanislandoffIndia.(2011湖南)A.landsB.landedC.haslandedD.hadlanded29.LookattheprideonTom’sface.He_____tohavebeenpraisedbythemanagerjustnow.A.seemedB.seemsC.hadseemedD.isseeming(2011重庆)30.Whatamistake!Yes.I_____hisdoingitanotherway,butwithoutsuccess.(2011四川)A.wassuggestingB.willsuggestC.wouldsuggestD.hadsuggested连接高考二1.Where’sTom?Hismother_______himnow.A.islookingforB.willlookforC.haslookedforD.looksfor2.Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?I_______onthegrassanddrawingapicture.A.sitB.satC.amsittingD.wassitting3.Myauntisawriter.She_______morethantenbookssince1980.A.writesB.wroteC.haswrittenD.willwrite4.Iwillsendyouane-mailassoonasI_______inCanada.A.arriveB.arrivedC.amarrivingD.willarrive5.I_______someofmyfreetimeplayingbasketballformyschoolteam.A.spendB.costC.takeD.pay6.Ifitisdark,_______thelights,please.A.pickupB.lookatC.turnonD.playwith7.I_______myhometownforalongtime.Ireallymissit!A.leftB.wentawayfromC.haveleftD.havebeenawayfrom8.It’sveryhothere.Whynot_______youcoat.A.putonB.tryonC.takeofffD.turnoff9.IcanhardlyhearwhatissayingonTV.Wouldyouplease_______?A.turnitupB.turnitdownC.turnitonD.turnitoff10.Maryisn’thereatthemoment.She_______later.A.comesB.cameC.hascomeD.iscoming11.HowIwishIcouldsleeplonger!However,Ihadtogetupassoonasthealarmclock_______.A.ranoffB.wentoffC.tookoff12.LiNahaswonthechampionshipinFranceTennisOpen.AlltheAsians_______herchallengingspiritandexcellentEnglish.A.areproudofB.takecareofC.getalongwith13.I’venotfinishedmyprojectyet.Hurryup!Ourfriends_______forus.A.waitB.arewaitingC.havebeenD.went14.ThelasttimeI_______tothecinemawastwoyearsago.A.goB.havegoneC.havebeenD.went15.Thetour