小学英语常见四种时态讲解与练习

动词时态一般现在时一般现在时1一般现在时的根本概念一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。常见的标志词〔时间状语〕主要有：every…、sometimes、at…、onSundays、usually,often,never,always等。2一般现在时的结构EQ\o\ac(○,1)be动词的一般现在时主语+Be动词+其他成分Iamaboy.EQ\o\ac(○,2)实义动词的一般现在时主语+实义动词+其他成分WestudyEnglish.一般现在时的具体形式EQ\o\ac(○,1)be动词的一般现在时第一人称单数I+amIamastudent.第二人称单数you和其他人称复数we/you/they+areYouarealuckygirl.Wearestudentsinthisschool.第三人称单数he/she/it+isSheismyteacher.例题：用be动词的适当形式填空。IfromChina.Itveryhottoday.Theyinthehospital.Wegoodstudents.Sheabeautifulgirl.EQ\o\ac(○,2)实义动词的一般现在时第一、二人称单数I/you和其他人称复数we/you/they+动词原形Igetupat8o’clock.Theygotoschooleveryday.第三人称单数he/she/it+实义动词第三人称单数形式Itrunsfast.Hestudieshard.例题：用说给单词的适当形式填空。Wehomeeveryday.〔go〕Treesgreeninspring.〔turn〕Heveryhard.〔study〕TheboyupatsevenO'clock.〔get〕Theearthroundthesun.〔move〕补充：主语为第三人称单数形式，谓语动词的变化规那么：状况变化规那么发音例词一般情况 加-s清辅音后读【s】浊辅音和元音后读【z】swim-swims；help-helps；like-likes以o结尾的词加-es读【z】go-goes；do-does以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-es读【iz】watches以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加es读【z】study-studies不规那么变化动词 变have为has变be为am,is,arehave-hasbe-am,is,are3一般现在时的句型变化EQ\o\ac(○,1)be动词的一般现在时肯定句Heisaworker.否认句主语+be动词+not+其他Heisnotaworker.一般疑问句Be动词+主语+其他-Isheaworker？-Yes,heis./No,heisnot.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Whereishe？例题：写出以下句子中所缺的be动词，并用肯定及否认形式答复。--yourfatherateacher?--Yes,.No,.--theyintheroom?--Yes,.No,.写出以下句子的否认句。Iamathome.Mr.Liisaprofessor.EQ\o\ac(○,2)实义动词的一般现在时肯定句Ilikebread.Heoftenplays.否认句主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形Idon’tlikebread.Hedoesn’toftenplay.一般疑问句Do/Does+主语+动词原形–Doyoulikebread?–Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.–Doesheoftenplay?–Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.特殊疑问句疑问词+一般疑问句Whatdoyoulike?Wheredoesheoftenplay?例题：将以下句子改写为否认句。Ihavelunchatschool.Theyplaybasketballontheplayground.Mr.ZhangknowsFrench.4一般现在时的根本用法表示人或物的特征Heisadoctor.Thedogiswhiteandblack.2.表示习惯性或经常性的动作，常与always,often,usauylly,seldom,everyday,sometimes,weekends，Mondays等表示时间与频率的词连用。Ileavehomeat6o’clockeveryday.Tomalwaysplayfootballafterschool.WeusuallygotoschoolbybusonTuesdays.表示永恒不变的事实或真理BeijingisthecapitalofChina.Thesnowiswhite.例题：用说给单词的适当形式填空。He(have)blueeyes.We(go)toschooleveryday.We(have)noclassesonweekends.She(write)alettertoherfriendonceaweek.Tom(ride)abiketoschool.PeterandMaryoften(play)badmintontogether.Practice(make)perfect.一般将来时一般将来时1一般将来时的根本概念一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。一般将来时由助动词shall〔第一人称〕，will〔第二、三人称〕+动词原形或be〔am/is/are〕+goingto+动词原形构成。2一般将来时的结构EQ\o\ac(○,1)主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他局部Weshallplaythisafternoon.Hewillhavealessonafterlunch.EQ\o\ac(○,2)主语+be〔am/is/are〕+goingto+动词原形+其他局部Iamgoingtogotothelibrary。TheyaregoingtowatchTVthisevening。Sheisgoingtogofishingthisweek。一般将来时的具体形式EQ\o\ac(○,1)第一人称I/we+shall+动词原形Ishallbeschoolin10minutes.WeshallgotoBeijingforoursummerholiday.其他人称单复数+will+动词原形Tomwillgoswimmingtomorrow.Youwillgetwellsoon.Theywillcomebackthisafternoon.例题：用说给单词的适当形式填空。I(go)totheUSAtomorrow.We(visit)hernewweek.Thepilot(fly)toChinathemonthafterthenext.It(take)usalongtimetolearnEnglishwell.He(be)thereatseventomorrowmorning.EQ\o\ac(○,2)be〔am/is/are〕+goingto+动词原形构成1.第一人称单数I+am++aregoingto+动词原形Iamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow.2.第二人称单数you和其他人称复数we/you/they+aregoingto+动词原形Youaregoingtogotothepark.WearegoingtohaveapicnicthisSaturday。studentsinthisschool.3.第三人称单数he/she/it+isgoingto+动词原形Sheisgoingtosendanemailtoherfriend。例题：用说给单词的适当形式填空。I(go)totheUSAtomorrow.We(visit)hernewweek.TheClarks(play)atthebeachthisSunday.He(be)goingtogorunningatseventomorrowmorning.3一般将来时的句型变化EQ\o\ac(○,1)shall〔第一人称〕，will〔第二、三人称〕+动词原形肯定句TheywillgotoparkthisSunday.否认句主语+will+not+动词原形TheywillnotgotoparkthisSunday.一般疑问句Will+主语+动词原形-WilltheygotoparkthisSunday?-Yes,theywill./No,theywillnot.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句WherewilltheygothisSunday?例题：按要求改写句子。Samwillmoveintonewhousenextyear..〔改写为否认句〕?〔改写为一般疑问句〕?〔改写为特殊疑问句〕注释：改写为特殊疑问句时，可根据句子的不同局部进行改写。Samwillmoveintonewhousenextyear.Whowillmoveintonewhousenextyear?Samwillmoveintonewhousenextyear.WherewillSammoveintonextyear?Samwillmoveintonewhousenextyear.WhenwillSammoveintonewhouse?EQ\o\ac(○,2)be〔am/is/are〕+goingto+动词原形肯定句主语+is/am/are+goingto+动词原形TheyaregoingtogotoparkthisSunday.否认句主语+is/am/are+not+goingto+动词原形TheyarenotgoingtogotoparkthisSunday.一般疑问句Is/Am/Are+主语+goingto+动词原形-AretheygoingtogototheparkthisSunday?-Yes,theyare./No,theyarenot.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句WherearetheygoingtogothisSunday?例题：按要求改写句子。Heisgoingtoclimbthemountainstomorrow..〔改写为否认句〕?〔改写为一般疑问句〕6.?〔改写为特殊疑问句〕4一般将来时的用法一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。Iwill(shall)gettheretomorrow.Willyoubefreenextweekend?Wewon’t(shan’t)bebusythisevening.在以第一人称I或we作主语的问句中，一般使用shall，这时或是征求对方的意见，或是询问一个情况Whereshallwehaveameeting?Shallwehavecomputerclasstomorrow?begoingto+动词原形，这个形式常用于表示打算，方案和安排好的事情Wearegoingtohaveatripnextyear.Howareyougoingtospendyourweekend?例题：选择正确的答案。()1.Heverybusythisweek,hefreenextweek.A.willbe,isB.is,isC.willbe,willbeD.is,willbe()2.Thereameetingtomorrow.wasB.isgoingtohaveC.willhaveD.isgoingtobe()3.--Whereisthepaper?--Iitforyouatonce.A.getB.amgettingC.togetD.willget()4.Hehimabeautifulbagnextbirthday.A.givesB.gaveC.willgivingD.isgoingtogive()5.Heinthreedays.A.comingbackB.camebackC.willcomebackD.isgoingtocomingback现在进行时现在进行时1现在进行时的根本概念表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或事情。“正在进行时〞的事件，可能发生几年了，也可能只有几分钟。仍在进行中这是“正在进行时〞的关键所在。它是一件持续进行的事情。2现在进行时的结构主语+be动词+动词ingHeisswimming.Theyareplaying.现在进行时的具体形式第一人称单数I+am+动词ingIamreadingastorybook.Iampracting.第二人称单数you/各人称复数we/you/they+are+动词ingTheyaredoinghomework.Weareplayinggames.第三人称单数he/she/it+is+动词ingHeiscleaningthehouse.Tomisplayingbasketball.例题：将以下句子改成现在进行时1.TomcanspeakJapanese.2.Wehavelessons.3.IwatchTVeveryday.4.Sheworksinafactory.5.KittyandBenhavelunchatabouttwelve.注释：在改写句子的过程中，首先需要根据每句话的主语的单复数确定be应该采用的形式，加在主语的后面，然后找出句子中的动词，将动词改写为动词ing形式，最后将所给句子的时间词改写为现在进行时的时间词。牢记现在进行时的结构：主语+be动词+动词ing形式。动词ing变化规那么形式例词直接+ingsleep+ing-sleeping去掉不发音的e+ingbite-e+ing-biting重读闭音节，且末尾只有1个辅音字母，双写辅音字母+ingsit+t+ingsitting特殊变化die-dying,lie-lying3现在进行时的句型变化肯定句Boysareplayingfootballonthegrass.否认句主语+be动词+not+动词ingBoysarenotplayingfootballonthegrass.一般疑问句Be动词+主语+动词ingAreboysplayingfootballonthegrass?特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Whereareboysplayingfootball?例题：按要求改写句子。Leeisswimminginthesea..〔改写为否认句〕?〔改写为一般疑问句〕?〔改写为特殊疑问句〕TheyarehavingEnglishclass..〔改写为否认句〕?〔改写为一般疑问句〕?〔改写为特殊疑问句〕4一般将来时的用法表示现在正在发生的事情〔说话时正在进行〕Myfatherisreadingnewspapernow.Look!Girlsaresinginganddancing.表示当前一段时间内正在进行的动作〔说话时不一定正在进行〕Wearelearningcomputerthismonth.Theyarewritingfairytalesthisterm.选择填空。1.Sheis_____(run,running)now.2.Look,Nickis_____(coming,come).3.Listen,sheis_____(singing,sing).4.Thefishis_____(swimming,swim)intheriver.5.Theyare_____(sitting,sit)intheclassroom.一般过去时一般过去时1一般过去时的根本概念一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。常和表示过去的时间状语last…、yesterday、…ago、in1990等连用。2一般过去时的结构EQ\o\ac(○,1)Be动词的一般过去时主语+be动词过去式+其他成分ShewasinBeijinglastyear.EQ\o\ac(○,2)实义动词的一般过去时主语+实义动词过去式+其他成分Wewenttoschoolyesterday.一般过去时的具体形式EQ\o\ac(○,1)Be动词的一般过去时第一人称I/第三人称单数he/she/it+wasHewasateacher.第二人称单数you/各人称复数we/you/they+wereYouwerethebeststudentsinourclass.Theywerelatethedaybeforeyesterday.例题：用be动词的适当形式填空Iatschooljustnow.Heatthesummercamplastweek.Theystudentstwoyearsago.Limingtenyearsoldlastyear.Thereapearonthedeskyesterday.EQ\o\ac(○,2)实义动词的一般过去时各人称单/复数+动词的过去式Wevisitedmygrandparentslastweek.Mymothergavemeanewpen.例题：用动词的适当形式填空He(live)inBeijing3yearsago.Thedog(eat)abirdlastnight.We(have)apartylastyear.I(make)amodelplanewithmyfatheryesterday.They(play)thepianolastnight.Hisfather(read)anewspaperlastnight.注：一般过去式变化规那么：规那么变化：动词词尾加edwork-worked，play-played以不发音的-e结尾的动词，动词词尾加-dlive-lived，move-moved以辅音字+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i再加-edstudy-studied，try-tried以一个辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-edstop-stopped，plan-planned不规那么变化go-went，make-made，buy-bought，come-came，fly-flew3一般过去时的句型变化EQ\o\ac(○,1)Be动词的一般过去时肯定句Hewasverybusyyesterday.否认句主语+be动词过去式+not+其他成分Hewasnotverybusyyesterday.一般疑问句be动词过去式+主语+其他成分Washeverybusyyesterday?特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Whywasheverybusyyesterday?例题：句型转换。Itwasboring.否认句一般疑问句肯定答复，否认答复特殊疑问句Theywereveryexcitedyesterday.否认句一般疑问句肯定答复，否认答复特殊疑问句EQ