Unit6知识点梳理2023-2024学年人教版英语八年级上册

人教版八年级上册英语知识点梳理Unit6I'mgoingtostudyputerscience.我打算学习计算机科学。◎词汇梳理violin(n.小提琴)violinist(n.小提琴手）drive(v.驾驶)driver(n.驾驶员;司机)piano(n.钢琴)pianist(n.钢琴家)science(n.科学)scientist(n.科学家)medicine(n.药;医学)medicinal(adj.药用的)educate(v.教育)educationeducational(adj.有教育意义的）foreign(adj.外国的)foreigner(n.外国人)improve(v.改进;改善)improvement(n.提升;改善discuss(v.讨论;商量)一discussion(n.讨论;商量)◎短语归纳makethesoccerteam成为足球队的一员growup长大;成熟;成长akindof一种......besureabout确信;对......有把握differentkindsof不同种类的makesure确保;查明themeaningof.......的意思send...to.....把.....寄给.......makepromises做出承诺soundlike听起来像atthebeginningof在......开始tryone'sbest尽某人最大的努力makeresolutions做决定writedown写下;记录下takeup(尤指为消遣)学着做;开始做;占据havetodowith关于;与........有关系forgetabout忘记;忘掉practicedoingsth.练习做某事begoodatdoingsth.擅长做某事keepondoingsth.继续/重复做某事makesb./sth.+adj.让某人/某物.....makesb./sth.+n.让某人/某物成为......beabletodosth.能够做某事begoingtodosth.打算做某事finishdoingsth.做完某事wanttodosth.想要做某事too+adj./adv.+todosth.太.......而不能做helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事◎语法精讲含begoingto的一般将来时

1.Howareyougoingtodothat?你打算怎样做呢?(教材P41图片文字)2.I'mgoingtopracticebasketballeveryday.我打算每天练习打篮球。(教材P411c)3.I'mgoingtostudymathreallyhard.我打算非常努力地学习数学。(教材P43GrammarFocus)【语法概述】"begoingto+动词原形"结构可以表示将来,多用于口语中。此结构表示说话人的意图,指打算、准备做某事,也可以表示有迹象表明即将发生或可能会出现什么情况。be动词随主语的人称和数的变化而变化。begoingto的用法1.用来表示决定要做某事(即一种计划或打算),通常译作"计划;打算;准备"等。Sheisgoingtoworkhardnextterm.下学期她打算努力学习。2表示主语根据当前的情况做出的预测。常用于Iamsure,I'mafraid或Ithink等后面。Lookatthedarkclouds!I'mafraidit'sgoingtorain!看那些乌云!恐怕就要下雨了!3.begoingto的否定形式可用于表示不愿意或拒绝。若主语是you,则表示不可以或禁止。We'renotgoingtopayforit.我们拒绝付这笔费用。4.begoingto常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如thisevening,tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow(后天),nextWeek/month/year,soon等;也可与when,beforetter,untl等引导的时间状语从句连用。She'sgoingtowatchTVthisevening.她打算今天晚上看电视。Heisgoingtobeanengineerwhenhegrowsup.

打算长大后当一名工程师。begoingto的句式结构肯定句主语+begoingto+动词原形+其他Iamgoingtoplaybasketball.我打算去打篮球。否定句主语+benotgoingto+动词原形+其他.Iamnotgoingtoplaybasketball.我不打算去打球。一般疑问句及其肯定、否定回答Be+主语+goingto动词原形+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+be.否定回答:No,主语+benotAreyougoingtoplaybasketball?你打算去打篮Yes,Iam.是的,我打算打算去。I'mnot.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+be+主语+goingto+动词原形+其他?Whereareyougoingtoplaybasketball?你打算去哪儿打篮球?【begoingto的用法】begoingto跟动原,计划、准备或打算表可能,有必然,通过现象来判断。be的形式要注意,它要随着主语变否定句,很简单,not加在be后边疑问句,需牢记,be应提到主语前。含begoingto的therebe句型含begoingto的therebe句型的句子结构为"Thereis/aregoingtobe+主语+其他."。主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时be动词用is,主语是可数名词复数时be动词用are。Thereisgoingtobeameetingtonight.今天晚上有一场会议。Therearegoingtobetwomeetingstomorrowafternoon.明天下午有两场会议。例1.(江西中考改编)Doyouhaveanyplansfortonight?Yes,I______atthenewltalianrestaurantintown.A.eatB.ameatingC.ateD.amgoingtoeat解析:"你今晚有什么计划吗?""是的,我打算去城里新开的意大利餐馆吃饭。"根据plans及tonight可知空处表示打算要做某事,故选D。例2.ThereafolkmusicconcertinXinjiangOperaTheaternextmonth.A.isgoingtohaveB.willhaveD.isgoingtobe解析:下个月在新疆歌剧院将有一场民乐音乐会。通过时间状语nextmonth可知本句应用一般将来时;therebe句型的一般将来时为therewillbe或thereis/aregoingtobe.答案D【小测】1.Whatisyourplanfornextweekend,Lingling?i________volunteerworkinthemuseum.wasdoingB.didC.havedoneD.amgoingtodogreatchangesinTianshuiintenyears.A.areB.wereC.willhaveD.aregoingtobe3.Look!Therearesomeboysintheplayground.TheyfootballmatchnextSaturday.A.play;haveB.areplaying;aregoingtohaveC.play;arehavingD.areplaying;have4.[2022安徽中考]Whatareyousavingmoneyfor?Father'sDayisaroundthecorner.I_______agiftformyfather.amgoingtobuyB.haveboughtC.boughtD.wasbuying课本重点知识点复习Well,I'mgoingtokeeponwritingstories,ofcourse.嗯,当然,我会继续写故事。(教材05P42)【用法】keepondoingsth.继续做某事keepondoingsth中的(on可省略）Theynotonlylovetheirjobs,butalsokeeponlearning.他们不仅热爱自己的工作,而且还继续学习。【拓展】keep的常见用法:keep(sb.)doingsth.让(某人)一直做某事keepkeep(sb.)doingsth.让(某人)一直做某事keep(+sb./sth.)+adj.使(某人/物)保持....keepkeep(+sb./sth.)+adj.使(某人/物)保持....keepkeep...awayfrom使....远离keep...awayfrom使....远离【例句】Don'tkeephimwaitingfortoolong.别让他等太久。Becareful!Keeptheglassfromdroppingontothefloor.当心!别让玻璃杯掉到地板上,Wehuddlearoundthefiretokeepwarm.我们挤在火堆边取暖。Weshouldkeepthechildrenawayfromdangeroussports,我们应当让孩子们远离危险的体育运动。violimist小提琴手(教材P41)【用法】violinistn.小提琴手violinist作可数名词,是由violin加后缀ist购成的。Sheisafamousviolinist.她是一位著名的小提琴手。【拓展】ist是一个名词后缀,加在某些名词后面,可用来表示从事某种职业的人或专门从事某种研究的人等,如:piano钢琴pianist钢琴家copy副本copyist抄写员novel小说novelist小说家science科学scientist科学家art艺术artist艺术家physics物理学physicist物理学家tour旅游tourist旅行者Myparentswantmetobeadoctor,butI'mnotsureaboutthat.我父母想让我成为一名医生,但是我对那件事不确定。(教材P42)【用法】besureabout相当于besureof,后接名词、代词或动词ing形式,表示对客观事物有肯定的认识和判断,主语必须是人。I'amreallysureabouttheanswer.对于这个答案我确实有把握。【拓展】其他常见用法:besuretodosth.一定要做某事besureof(doing)sth.对(做)某事有把握besure+that从句确信.....考例[2022辽宁丹东中考·改编]_______totellyourmotherthetruth,nomatterwhathappens.答案：Besure无论发生什么,一定要告诉你妈妈实情。justmakesureyoutryyourbest.只要确保尽最大的努力就行。(教材P422d)【用法】makesure确保;查明常用于祈使句中,表示请求或要求对方做某事。常见用法如下:makesure+that从句确保·.....makesuretodosth.确保做某事makesureof(doing)sth.确保(做)某事Ourgovernmentistryingtomakesurethatthestudentstakeschoolbusessafely.我们的政府正努力确保学生安全乘坐校车。Makesuretoturnoffthelightsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.在你离开教室前确保关灯。Wemadesureofourticketsforthegame.我们订好了那场比赛的门票。例(大庆中考)Pleasecheckyourpaperto______therearenomistakes.A.thinkofB.tryoutC.findoutD.makesure解析:请检查你的试卷,以确保没有错误。thinkof"想起";tryout"试用";findout"查明";makesure"确保”。故选D。Wereyouabletokeepthem?你能履行它们吗?(教材P452a)【用法】beableto能够做某事[易混辨析]beableto与can两者都可表示"能够",其后都接动词原形。其区别如下:beableto可用于多种时态be动词随主语的人称和数的变化而变化强调具体做某件事的能力,表示"经过努力而做成某事"。can只有can和could两种形式无人称和数的变化通常指一般性的能力,表示"能(做某事)"。Theyareabletowinthepetition.他们能够赢得比赛。Sheisabletofinishreadingthisarticleherself.她能够自己读完这篇文章。WecanspeakEnglish.我们会说英语Hecouldswimattheageofsix.他六岁时就会游泳了。【拓展延伸】able作形容词,意为"能够",其反义词为unable。Itriedtocontacthimbutwasunableto.我试图跟他联系,却没联系上。[典例](昆明中考)InNovember1979,pupilsinEngland______(be)abletowatchanewTVprogramcalledMonkey.解析:beableto意为"能够",其中be动词有人称时态和数的变化。根据时间状语InNovember1979可知应用一般过去时;再根据pupils可知be动词要用复数形式。故填were。It'sakindofpromise.它是一种承诺。(老材P452b)promisen.承诺诺言v.许诺;承诺【用法】(1)promise在此处作可数名词,意为"承诺;诺言"。常用短语:makea/one'spromise许下诺言breaka/one'spromise违背诺言keepa/one'spromise信守诺言Igotangrywhenhebrokehispromise.当他违背了诺言时,我生气了。WhenPattymakesapromise,shekeepsit.帕蒂许下了承诺,就会信守。(2)promise还可作动词,意为"许诺;承诺"。常用结构:promisetodosth.允诺做某事;答应做某事promisesb.sth.=promisesth.tosb.向某人许诺某物promise+从句许诺.....

Hepromisedtopickmeupattheschoolgate.他应了在学校门口接我。Hepromisedabiketohisgrandson.=Hepromisedhisgandsonabike.他许诺给他的孙子买一辆自行车。IpromiseIwillworkhardernextterm,MissLi.李师,我保证下个学期我会更加努力学习Somepeoplewritedowntheirresolutionsandplansfortheingyear.一些人写下他们来年的决定和计划。(教材P4526)writedown写下;记录下【用法】writedown是由"动词+副词"构成的短语,后接名词作宾语时,名词既可放在write与down中间,也可放在down后面;而接代词作宾语时,代词只能放在write与down之间。Writedownyourideas.=Writeyourideasdown.写下你的想法。Thesearenewwords.Writethemdown.这些是生词,把它们写下来。【拓展延伸】含down的其他常用短语:falldown跌倒diedown逐渐变弱cutdown砍倒turndown把......调低;拒绝典例Canyoutellmeyourparents'telephonenumbers?Iwantto______.A.writedownitB.writeitdownC.writethemdownD.writedownthem解析：telephonenumbers表示复数概念,应用them来代替。writedown是动副型短语,接代词作宾语时,代词要放在write与down之间。故选CSomepeoplemightsaytheyaregoingtotakeupahobbylikepaintingortakingphotos,orlearntoplaytheguitar.一些人可能会说他们打算培养一种爱好,比如画画、摄影或者学习弹吉他。(教材P452b)重点takeup(尤指为消遣)学着做;开始做【用法】takeup后常跟名词或动词ing作宾语后Theyhavetakenupgolf.他们学起打高尔夫球来了。I'mgoingtotakeupcookingbecauseIlikeeatingdeliciousfood.我打算学烹饪,因为我喜欢吃美味【拓展延伸】takeup还有"占据(时间或空间)"之意。Thenewfridgetakesuptoomuchro