湖北省黄冈市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末调考英语试题【含答案解析】

2023-2024学年高一元月期末考试英语试卷本试卷共12页，共67题。本试卷满分150分，考试用时120分钟。★祝考试顺利★注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Howdidthemangettothesupermarket?A.Bybike.B.Bycar.C.Bybus.2.Whatwouldthewomanliketodothisweekend?A.Stayathome.B.Seeamovie.C.Eatoutside.3.Whenwillthegoodsprobablyarrive?A.OnJanuary25th.B.OnJanuary21st.C.OnJanuary17th.4.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Motherandson.C.Classmates.5.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Shefailedtounderstandtheteacher.B.Shecouldexplaineverythingclearly.C.Mr.GreenwasunabletospeakGreek.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhyisMr.Williamsgoingtoleavethecompany?A.Tochangehisjob.B.Toliveinanothercountry.C.Totravelaroundtheworld.7.HowdoesthemanfeelaboutMr.Williams'leaving?A.Excited.B.Surprised.C.Disappointed.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8Whoisamusiclover?A.Theman.B.Theman'sson.C.Theman'swife.9.WhatisAnnagoingtodotomorrow?A.Goshopping.B.Goswimming.C.Gotothemuseum.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Howmanygreenbuildingsarethere?A.OneB.Two.C.Three.11.Wherecanthewomanfindasupermarketopennow?A.Onthe6thStreet.B.Onthe8thStreet.C.Onthe20thStreet.12.Whatwillthewomandofirst?A.Takethebus.B.Gotothebank.C.Findasupermarket.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inahotel.B.Inarestaurant.C.Atthelostandfound.14.Whatisthecolorofthewoman'slostcoat?A.Black.B.Brown.C.Red.15.Whatfruitdoesthewomanwant?A.Grapes.B.Pears.C.Apples.16.Whatservicedoesthewomanneedatlast?A.Cleaningtheroom.B.Reservingbreakfast.C.Sendingmoreblankets.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatareschoolkidstoldtodo?A.Todrinkwaterinclass.B.Toexerciseandkeepfit.C.Totakepublictransport.18.Howmuchshoulda20-year-oldwomandrinkeachday?A.2liters.B.1.5liters.C.1.3liters.19.Whomightneedmorewater?A.Kids.B.Athletes.C.Agedpeople.20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.Weshouldjustdrinklesswater.B.Drink8glassesofwatereveryday.C.Listentoyourbodywhendrinkingwater.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAh,Paristheincomparable!Whetheryou'vesuddenlyfoundyourselfwithtravelbrochuresinyourhandoryouprefertotravelfromyourarmchair,Parisisoneofthosecitieswithwideopenarms.Wheretobegin?Well,followme!LouvreManypeopleloseinterestwhenyoutalkaboutmuseums,butyouknowwhereweareheading,don'tyou?Thisisoneofthetop10.Wearcomfortableshoes,prepareenoughwater,andknowwhatyouwanttosee.TheMonaLisamaynotbeyourcupoftea,butwerecommendatleastLibertyLeadingthePeople,TheRaftoftheMedusa,andsoon.Muséed’OrsayaIfyoucandowithoutart-althoughwedoubtanyonecan—we'drecommendthatyouwalkinsidethismuseum.Thelightinsideisworthyourattention.Onceatrainstation,theMuséed’OrsayhasbeenrepurposedandisnowapleasingwonderwithPostimpressionistpaintingsandmoretosuitmosttastes.TheSeineRiverAllyouhavetodoisdecidewhichbankyouprefer,leftorright.Eachhasitsuniquepleasures.Hometocultural,fashionandartisticriches,theleftbankislinedwithcafés,whichareagoodplacetomeetyourheroorheroine.Butalsoconsidertherightbank,especiallythePicassoMuseum,anexcellentplacetohangaround.GivernyLyingabout45milesfromParis,thisvillageisthehometownofthelateartistClaudeMonet.Itisasifyou'vesteppedintooneofhispaintings—aperfectblue-greenbridgewithwaterlilies(睡莲)fullyopenbelowandawarmpeach-pinkbrickhouse.Thewholesceneisdesignedtopleasetheeye.1.WhatcanvisitorsdointheLouvre?A.Rideonatrain. B.Drinkacupoftea.C.AppreciateMonaLisa. D.SeePicassopaintings.2.IfyouareafanofMonet,whichplaceprobablyattractsyoumost?A.Louvre. B.Muséed'Orsaya. C.TheSeineRiver. D.Giverny.3.Whatdothefourattractionshaveincommon?A.Theyaresuitableforartlovers.B.Theyareallfamousmuseums.C.TheyareinthecenterofParis.D.Theyarethemostpopularplaces.【答案】1.C2.D3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了巴黎的四个旅游景点。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Louvre中“TheMonaLisamaynotbeyourcupoftea,butwerecommendatleastLibertyLeadingthePeople,TheRaftoftheMedusa,andsoon.”（《蒙娜丽莎》可能不是你喜欢的作品，但我们至少推荐《自由带领人民》、《美杜莎之筏》等等。）可知，游客在卢浮宫欣赏《蒙娜丽莎》。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Giverny中“Lyingabout45milesfromParis,thisvillageisthehometownofthelateartistClaudeMonet.”（这个村庄距离巴黎约45英里，是已故艺术家克劳德·莫奈的故乡。）可知，如果你是莫奈的粉丝，吉维尼这个地方可能最吸引你。故选D项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Louvre中“TheMonaLisamaynotbeyourcupoftea,butwerecommendatleastLibertyLeadingthePeople,TheRaftoftheMedusa,andsoon.”（《蒙娜丽莎》可能不是你喜欢的作品，但我们至少推荐《自由带领人民》、《美杜莎之筏》等等。）、Muséed’Orsaya中“Onceatrainstation,theMuséed’OrsayhasbeenrepurposedandisnowapleasingwonderwithPostimpressionistpaintingsandmoretosuitmosttastes.”（Muséed’Orsay曾经是一个火车站，现在已经被改造成了一个令人愉快的奇迹，里面有后印象派的绘画，还有更多的作品，以满足大多数人的品味。）、TheSeineRiver中“Hometocultural,fashionandartisticriches,theleftbankislinedwithcafés,whichareagoodplacetomeetyourheroorheroine.”（这里是文化、时尚和艺术的宝库，左岸排列着咖啡厅，是遇见你的英雄或女主角的好地方。）和Giverny中“Lyingabout45milesfromParis,thisvillageisthehometownofthelateartistClaudeMonet.”（这个村庄距离巴黎约45英里，是已故艺术家克劳德·莫奈的故乡。）可知，这四个景点的共同之处是它们都适合艺术爱好者。故选A项。B“Allright,class,settledown!”MySpanishteacher,Morales,shoutedattheclass,“Youmustwriteaboutyourbestfriend.Begin,notalking!”IslowlybegantowriteinSpanish:MybestfriendisHayley.She’sasoccerplayer.Sheplaystheviolin,likeIdo.We’vebeenbestfriendssincethefourthgrade.Thisismyusualreplytothe“bestfriend”question.Theproblemis,Hayleyisn’treal.IhavetoimagineabestfriendbecausetherehavebeentoomanytimesI’vebeenaskedtodescribethisperson,toomanytimesI’vereplied,“Idon’thaveone,”andtoomanytimesI’veheard,“Whynot?Don’tyouwantabestfriend?”It’sasifpeoplethinkI’mtooshytofindone.Thetruthis,duringschool,I’vewatchedwithenvy(羡慕)thebestfriendswhoskatetogetherandwhocalleachothernicknames.I’veoftenwondered:DoesnothavingabestfriendmeanIamdefective(有缺陷的)?ShouldIbeawkwardthattheonlypeopleIhangoutwitharemyparents?WillIhavetofaceheartbreakandfailurealone?SometimesItellmyself,“Justbestrong.There’snowayyou’lleversucceedbecauseyoucan’tdealwiththesmallestproblemsinlife.”Consideringthesethoughtsmakesmelockmyselfinmyroomandtakepsychology(心理)testsonmyphonetofindoutwhyIamdefective.ButasIlookthroughmyphone,Iaskmyself,whatwouldHayleysaytomerightnow?Asanimaginedcharacter,Hayleycansaywhatmymindtellsher,“Youcanonlydosomuch,andself-doubtusesmostofthe‘somuch’youcanreallydo.”WhenMoraleshandsbackmypaperdescribingHayley,shetellsme,“Sheseemslikeagreatfriend!”“Yeah,”Ismile.“She’sthebestfriendI’veeverhad.”4.WhydoestheauthormakeupHayley?A.Sheistooshyandlonely. B.Sheisinneedofabestfriend.C.Sheadmiresothers’friends. D.Shewastiredofbeingquestioned.5.WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromParagraph4?A.Shehasabadpersonality. B.Sheoftendoubtsherself.C.Sheneverplaysoutside. D.Sheseldomfeelsheartbroken.6.WhatwouldHayleytelltheauthortodo?A.Buildupherstrength. B.Handinthepaper.C.Relaxherselffromworries. D.Havehopeinlife.7.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A.IAm“Nobody” B.AValuableFriendshipC.JustBeConfident D.The“BestFriend”Question【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要说明了作者给自己编造了一个最好的朋友，但因为没有最好的朋友，作者常常自我怀疑。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thisismyusualreplytothe“bestfriend”question.Theproblemis,Hayleyisn’treal.IhavetoimagineabestfriendbecausetherehavebeentoomanytimesI’vebeenaskedtodescribethisperson,toomanytimesI’vereplied,“Idon’thaveone,”andtoomanytimesI’veheard,“Whynot?Don’tyouwantabestfriend?”It’sasifpeoplethinkI’mtooshytofindone.(这是我对“最好的朋友”问题的惯常回答。问题是海莉不是真的我必须想象一个最好的朋友，因为有太多次我被要求描述这个人，太多次我回答说，“我没有，”太多次我听到，“为什么没有？你不想要一个最好的朋友吗？”好像大家都觉得我太害羞了，找不到舞伴)”可知，作者虚构了海莉是因为她厌倦了被询问。故选D。5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“I’veoftenwondered:DoesnothavingabestfriendmeanIamdefective(有缺陷的)?ShouldIbeawkwardthattheonlypeopleIhangoutwitharemyparents?WillIhavetofaceheartbreakandfailurealone?SometimesItellmyself,“Justbestrong.There’snowayyou’lleversucceedbecauseyoucan’tdealwiththesmallestproblemsinlife.”Consideringthesethoughtsmakesmelockmyselfinmyroomandtakepsychology(心理)testsonmyphonetofindoutwhyIamdefective.(我常常在想：没有最好的朋友是不是就意味着我有缺陷？我应该因为只和我父母一起出去玩而感到尴尬吗？我会独自面对心碎和失败吗？有时我告诉自己：“要坚强。你永远不会成功，因为你不会处理生活中最小的问题。”考虑到这些想法，我把自己锁在房间里，在手机上做心理学测试，以找出我有缺陷的原因)”可知，作者经常怀疑自己。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“ButasIlookthroughmyphone,Iaskmyself,whatwouldHayleysaytomerightnow?Asanimaginedcharacter,Hayleycansaywhatmymindtellsher,“Youcanonlydosomuch,andself-doubtusesmostofthe‘somuch’youcanreallydo.”(但当我翻看手机时，我问自己，海莉现在会对我说什么?作为一个想象中的角色，海莉可以说出我的想法告诉她的话：“你只能做这么多，而自我怀疑利用了你真正能做的大部分‘这么多’。”)”可知，海莉会让作者从自己的烦恼中解脱出来。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“IslowlybegantowriteinSpanish:MybestfriendisHayley.She’sasoccerplayer.Sheplaystheviolin,likeIdo.We’vebeenbestfriendssincethefourthgrade.(我慢慢地开始用西班牙语写：我最好的朋友是海莉。她是一名足球运动员。她拉小提琴，和我一样。我们从四年级开始就是最好的朋友。)”结合文章主要说明了作者给自己编造了一个最好的朋友，但因为没有最好的朋友，作者常常自我怀疑。可知，D选项“‘最好的朋友’问题”最符合文章标题。故选D。C“Don’tgetdirty!”wasonceoftenshoutedbyparentsangrilywatchingtheirchildrenruintheirbestclothes.Itwasunavoidablethatchildren’swhiteswouldturnbrownbeforethedaywasover.Today,manyparentsmaysecretlywishtheirchildrenhadthechancetopickupabitofdirt.Withtheriseofcitylife,andtheattractionofvideogamesandsocialmedia,contactwithnatureismuchlessthaninthepast.Formany,thereissimplynoopportunitytogetmuddy.Accordingtorecentresearch,thedirtoutsideisteamingwithfriendlymicroorganisms(微生物)thatcantraintheimmune(免疫的)systemandbuildthebodyagainstillnesses,suchasanxiety.Thesefindingsshowthatoutdoorexerciseisnotonlybeneficialbecauseofthechancetorunaroundfree—butthatcertainnaturalmaterials,suchassoilandmud,alsohavepowerfulmicroorganismswhichhavepositiveeffectonchildren’shealth.Outdoorplaycanalsooffervaluablelearningexperiences.Forexample,theactofrubbingandshapingmaterialslikemudorsandcanhelpchildrendeveloptheirsensesandmovement.Suchactivities—awayfromthehouseorclassroom—mayalsohelpchildrentofindwaystodealwithemotionsthatmaybehardtoexploreinotherenvironments.So-called“SandtrayTherapy(沙盘疗法)”,whichincludesusingsandtoexpressone’sthoughtsandfeelings,isanacceptedformofguidanceforchildrenwhoarestrugglingtospeakouttheirinneremotions.Surprisingly,peoplewhospentmostoftheirchildhoodinthecountrysideshowabetterreplytostressfuleventslikepublicspeakingcomparedwiththosewhogrewupincities.“Thepeoplewhogrewupincitiesarekindof‘walkingtimebombs’whenfacingthestresswemeettoday.However,peoplewhohavespentlotsoftimeinnaturesincechildhoodaregenerallystrongerinrecoveryandmorepositive.”saysChristopherLowry,aprofessorofUniversityofColoradoBoulder.8.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingparagraph1?A.Tointroducethetopic. B.Toshareanopinion.C.Totellafunnystory. D.Todescribecharacters.9.Whatisabenefitofoutdoorexercise?A.Gaininglearningexperiences. B.Experiencingtheinneremotions.C.Changingtheimmunesystem. D.Discoveringmoremicroorganisms.10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“walkingtimebombs”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Peoplewhooftenarrivelate. B.Peopledoingharmtothepublic.C.Peoplewhoareweakunderstress. D.Peoplestayingpositiveandpowerful.11.Inwhichpartofawebsitecanyoufindthetext?A.Culture. B.Health. C.Economy. D.Technology.【答案】8.A9.A10.C11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究表明，户外运动有许多好处，与在城市长大的人相比，童年大部分时间在农村度过的人往往对公众演讲等压力大的事件表现出更好的反应。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段““Don’tgetdirty!”wasonceoftenshoutedbyparentsangrilywatchingtheirchildrenruintheirbestclothes.Itwasunavoidablethatchildren’swhiteswouldturnbrownbeforethedaywasover.(“别弄脏了!”看到孩子们弄脏自己最好的衣服，父母们常常愤怒地喊出这句话。孩子们的白色衣服在一天结束之前就会变成棕色，这是不可避免的。)”以及第二段“Today,manyparentsmaysecretlywishtheirchildrenhadthechancetopickupabitofdirt.Withtheriseofcitylife,andtheattractionofvideogamesandsocialmedia,contactwithnatureismuchlessthaninthepast.(今天，许多父母可能暗自希望他们的孩子有机会捡起一点污垢。随着城市生活的兴起，以及电子游戏和社交媒体的吸引，与大自然的接触比过去少了很多。)”可推知，作者写第一段的目的是引出话题。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Outdoorplaycanalsooffervaluablelearningexperiences.(户外活动也能提供宝贵的学习经验。)”可知，户外运动的好处是获得学习经验。故选A。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Thepeoplewhogrewupincitiesarekindof”以及后文“However,peoplewhohavespentlotsoftimeinnaturesincechildhoodaregenerallystrongerinrecoveryandmorepositive.(然而，从小就在大自然中度过大量时间的人通常恢复得更强，也更积极。)”可知，从小就在大自然中度过大量时间的人通常恢复得更强，也更积极，那么反过来在城市长大的人因为压力很大，所以变得虚弱。故划线词意思是“人们在压力下变得虚弱”。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Accordingtorecentresearch,thedirtoutsideisteamingwithfriendlymicroorganisms(微生物)thatcantraintheimmune(免疫的)systemandbuildthebodyagainstillnesses,suchasanxiety.(根据最近的研究，室外的污垢与友好的微生物结合在一起，可以训练免疫系统，增强身体对疾病的抵抗力，比如焦虑。)”结合文章主要说明了研究表明，户外运动有许多好处，与在城市长大的人相比，童年大部分时间在农村度过的人往往对公众演讲等压力大的事件表现出更好的反应。可推知，文章选自网站的“健康”部分。故选B。DAsAIbecomespopular,researchershavenoticeditsinfluenceontheenvironment.TraininganAIsystemrequireshugecomputingpowerandelectricity,andtheresultingCO2emissions(排放)areonewayAIaffectstheenvironment.Butitsenvironmentaleffectismorethanitscarbon(碳)footprint.JesseDodge,ascientistattheAllenInstitute,says,"TheinfluenceofAlsystemsisgoingtobefromtheirapplications,notthecostoftrainingthem."DavidRolnick,acomputerscientistatMcGillUniversity,comparesAItoahammer(锤子)“Themaineffectofahammeriswhatisbeinghammered,”hesays,"notwhatisinthehammer."Justlikeahammerwhichcaneitherdestroythingsorbuildahouse,Alcanhurtorhelptheenvironment.In2019,ExxonMobil,anoilcompany,saiditwoulduseMicrosoft’sappAzure.WiththeAltechnology,itwouldincreaseitsproductionandcreatebillionsofdollars.ThismeansMicrosoft'sAIisdirectlycontributingtogreenhousegasemissions.ThisisnottheonlyAIapplicationthatcouldbeenvironmentallyharmful.AIbehindtheadsthatjumpoutonInstagramorFacebookpagespushescustomerstospendmoreonproductslikeclothes.Thisinturncausesmoreemissionsthroughmoreproductionanddelivery.Butontheothersideofthecoin,thereareAIapplicationsthatcanhelpdealwithenvironmentalproblems,suchasthedestructioncausedbyhurricanes.OnesuchapplicationisxView2,aprogramstartedbyaU.S.organization.Itcanrecognizebuildingsdamagedandpeopletrappedinnaturaldisasters,reducingdangerandsavingtimeforrescuers.AIcouldbeavaluabletoolinthefightagainstclimatechange—iftheAlindustrycanreduceitsharmfulclimateeffects."BothAIandclimateruleshaverolestoplay."Rolnicksays.WhencreatingAlrules,hesuggestsconsideringitsapplications,emissions,andotherproductioncosts.Further,DodgeaddsthatthoseAIprofessionalsshouldhelpsetupsomevaluesystemstolimitthetechnology'suse.12.WheredoestheeffectofAIsystemsontheenvironmentcomefromaccordingtoDodge?A.ThepopularityofAI. B.TheemissionsofCO2.C.ThewayofapplyingAI. D.ThecostofAItraining.13.HowdoesthewriterdevelopParagraph4?A.Bylistingnumbers. B.Bygivingexamples.C.Bycomparingfacts. D.Byexplainingdetails.14.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.RulesforAIcanbehelpful. B.Al'sadvanceshouldbelimited.C.Productioncostswillbelower. D.AIplaysaroleinmakingrules.15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.AIapplicationsareenvironmentallyharmful.B.AIaffectstheenvironmentbyCO2emissions.C.AIiseffectiveinsolvingenvironmentalproblems.D.AI'senvironmentaleffectgoesbeyonditsemissions.【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了随着人工智能的普及，研究人员已经注意到它对环境的影响。训练一个人工智能系统需要巨大的计算能力和电力，而由此产生的二氧化碳排放是人工智能影响环境的一种方式。但它对环境的影响不仅仅是它的碳足迹。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“JesseDodge,ascientistattheAllenInstitute,says,"TheinfluenceofAlsystemsisgoingtobefromtheirapplications,notthecostoftrainingthem."”（艾伦研究所(AllenInstitute)的科学家杰西•道奇(JesseDodge)表示：“人工智能系统的影响将来自它们的应用，而不是训练它们的成本。”）可知，根据道奇的说法，AI系统对环境的影响来自人工智能的应用方式。故选C项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Butontheothersideofthecoin,thereareAIapplicationsthatcanhelpdealwithenvironmentalproblems,suchasthedestructioncausedbyhurricanes.OnesuchapplicationisxView2,aprogramstartedbyaU.S.organization.Itcanrecognizebuildingsdamagedandpeopletrappedinnaturaldisasters,reducingdangerandsavingtimeforrescuers.”（但另一方面，有些人工智能应用程序可以帮助处理环境问题，比如飓风造成的破坏。xView2就是这样一个应用程序，它是由一个美国组织启动的程序。它可以识别在自然灾害中受损的建筑物和被困的人，减少危险，节省救援人员的时间。）可推知，作者通过举例来展开第四段内容。故选B项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“AIcouldbeavaluabletoolinthefightagainstclimatechange—iftheAlindustrycanreduceitsharmfulclimateeffects."BothAIandclimateruleshaverolestoplay."Rolnicksays.WhencreatingAlrules,hesuggestsconsideringitsapplications,emissions,andotherproductioncosts.Further,DodgeaddsthatthoseAIprofessionalsshouldhelpsetupsomevaluesystemstolimitthetechnology'suse.”（如果人工智能产业能够减少其对气候的有害影响，那么人工智能将成为对抗气候变化的宝贵工具。“人工智能和气候规则都可以发挥作用。”Rolnick说。在制定人工智能规则时，他建议考虑它的应用、排放和其他生产成本。此外，道奇补充说，这些人工智能专业人士应该帮助建立一些价值体系，以限制该技术的使用。）可推知，从最后一段我们能推断出人工智能的规则可能会有帮助。故选A项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“AsAIbecomespopular,researchershavenoticeditsinfluenceontheenvironment.TraininganAIsystemrequireshugecomputingpowerandelectricity,andtheresultingCO2emissions（排放）areonewayAIaffectstheenvironment.Butitsenvironmentaleffectismorethanitscarborfootprint.”（随着人工智能的普及，研究人员已经注意到它对环境的影响。训练一个人工智能系统需要巨大的计算能力和电力，而由此产生的二氧化碳排放是人工智能影响环境的一种方式。但它对环境的影响不仅仅是它的碳足迹。）可知，文章主要讲的是人工智能对环境的影响超出了它的二氧化碳排放。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Twoyearsisextremelyeasytowaste.___16___Youcantryasportyou’vealwayswantedtostart,andbecomegreatatit.Youcanstartamorningroutine(惯例),whichcanaffectyourfeelingsandstressatadeeplevel.Youcanmeditate(冥想)forafewminutesperday,becomemoreself-awareofthewayyoureacttoproblems.___17___Thefollowingtipsmayhelpyoumakefulluseofyourtwoyears.Setagoalforwhatyou’vewantedtodo.___18___Youarestillabletodoextremesports,playamusicalinstrumentorbecomeaphotographerifyouwishto.Don’tletageorpastexperiencesdecidewhoyouare.Don’tletfearscontrolyou.Don’tletthesocialstandardslimityou.Ageisjustanumber.___19___Theeasiestwaytoreachgoalsisthroughdailysmallactions.Forexample,takingexerciseeveryday,practicingthepianothreetimesaweek,ortakingacameraforphotoswhereveryougo.Withtwoyears,smallactionscanmakehugedifferences.Beincontrol.It’sjustachoiceofreplacingTVshowsbybooksorwalkingthestairsandbikingtotheoffice.___20___It’snotabouttheendgoal;it’saboutdailyactionstowardsit.Monitorhowyouspendyourtime.Takebackthecontrolofyourhealth,emotionsandtime.Lookatyourselfinthemirrorintwoyearsandyou’llthinkthatwasquick.Rememberthateverydaycounts!A.Sticktothemandyoucandowonders.B.However,goalswithoutactionsarejustwishes.C.You’renevertoooldforyourchildhooddreams.D.Butalotofthingscanbeachievedintwoyears.E.That’swhymorningroutinesbringsuchgreatchanges.F.Youcanalsostartabusinessandmakeitabigsuccess.G.Successisnotaneventbutaprocessandawayofthinking.【答案】16.D17.F18.C19.A20.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何利用两年时间来取得一些成就。【16题详解】根据上文“Twoyearsisextremelyeasytowaste.(两年的时间很容易浪费)”以及后文“Youcantryasportyou’vealwayswantedtostart,andbecomegreatatit.Youcanstartamorningroutine(惯例),whichcanaffectyourfeelingsandstressatadeeplevel.Youcanmeditate(冥想)forafewminutesperday,becomemoreself-awareofthewayyoureacttoproblems.(你可以尝试一项你一直想开始的运动，然后变得很擅长。你可以开始一个早晨的例行公事，这可以从深层次上影响你的情绪和压力。你可以每天冥想几分钟，对自己应对问题的方式有更多的自我意识)”可知，本句与上文构成转折关系，指出两年时间可以取得成就。故D选项“但是很多事情可以在两年内完成”符合语境，故选D。【17题详解】根据上文“Youcantryasportyou’vealwayswantedtostart,andbecomegreatatit.Youcanstartamorningroutine(惯例),whichcanaffectyourfeelingsandstressatadeeplevel.Youcanmeditate(冥想)forafewminutesperday,becomemoreself-awareofthewayyoureacttoproblems.(你可以尝试一项你一直想开始的运动，然后变得很擅长。你可以开始一个早晨的例行公事，这可以从深层次上影响你的情绪和压力。你可以每天冥想几分钟，对自己应对问题的方式有更多的自我意识)”可知，本句承接上文继续说明可以取得的成就。故F选项“你也可以创业并取得巨大成功”符合语境，故选F。【18题详解】根据后文“Youarestillabletodoextremesports,playamusicalinstrumentorbecomeaphotographerifyouwishto.Don’tletageorpastexperiencesdecidewhoyouare.Don’tletfearscontrolyou.Don’tletthesocialstandardslimityou.Ageisjustanumber.(如果你愿意，你仍然可以做极限运动，演奏乐器，或者成为一名摄影师。不要让年龄或过去的经历决定你是谁。不要让恐惧控制你。不要让社会标准限制了你。年龄只是一个数字)”可知，后文提到年龄只是一个数字，说明实现梦想永远不晚。故C选项“实现童年的梦想永远不会太晚”符合语境，故选C。【19题详解】根据后文“Theeasiestwaytoreachgoalsisthroughdailysmallactions.Forexample,takingexerciseeveryday,practicingthepianothreetimesaweek,ortakingacameraforphotoswhereveryougo.Withtwoyears,smallactionscanmakehugedifferences.(达到目标最简单的方法就是通过每天的小行动。例如，每天锻炼身体，每周练三次钢琴，或者随身带着相机拍照。在两年的时间里，小小的行动可以带来巨大的变化)”可知，本段主要说明了坚持小的行动，也能带来巨大变化。故A选项“坚持下去，你就能创造奇迹”符合语境，故选A。【20题详解】根据上文“Beincontrol.It’sjustachoiceofreplacingTVshowsbybooksorwalkingthestairsandbikingtotheoffice.(控制自己。这只是一个选择，用读书或走楼梯骑自行车去办公室代替电视节目)”以及后文“It’snotabouttheendgoal;it’saboutdailyactionstowardsit.(这与最终目标无关；而是每天朝着目标行动)”可知，本句主要强调要采取行动。故B选项“然而，没有行动的目标只是愿望”符合语境，故选B。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AscaptainofArgentina’snationalwheelchairbasketballteam,AdolfoDamianBerdunhasledhisteamtomanyvictoriesandistheMVP(mostvaluableplayer)ofhisItalianCup-winningteam.Yethe___21___fourclassesofelementary-schoolkidsthispastspringaspartofa___22___called“AtSchoolILeamtoPlayWithoutLimits”.Forfiveweeks,thechildrenlearnedthe___23___skillsofbasketballandsportsmanshipfromthetrue___24___ofthesport.WhenBerdun___25___ontothecourt(球场)onthefirstday,hewasinfrontofa(n)___26___groupofGrade2students.Buthemadeit___27___thattheyweren’ttheretotalkabouthis___28___leg—theyweretheretoplaybasketball.Astheweeks___29___,thestudents’skilllevelandinterestgrewquickly.ForBerdun,whohasvisitedmanyschoolstotalkabouthowhelivedwithhis____30____foryears,itwasthefirstopportunity,whichhehadhopedfor,tosimplybecalled“____31____”.Duringthelastclass,Berdun____32____howhelosthislegatage13afterbeinghitbyatruckinhishometown.Tohis____33____,afteraskinghimseveralquestions,theycouldn’twaittogoondoingbasketballpractices.“Itseemsthatthey____34____aboutmydisabilityquickly.”Berdunsaid.Themostbeautifulthingisthattheymanagedto____35____thebarrier(障碍)betweenthecoachwithoneleginawheelchairandhisdreamofbeingacoach.21.A.canceled B.taught C.took D.supported22.A.topic B.proposal C.system D.project23.A.extinct B.advanced C.basic D.social24.A.legend B.designer C.judge D.donor25.A.wheeled B.walled C.ran D.climbed26A.easy-going B.kind-hearted C.wide-eyed D.heart-broken27.A.clear B.suitable C.unique D.different28.A.strong B.missing C.long D.short29.A.started B.ended C.paused D.progressed30.A.honor B.medals C.fear D.disability31.A.Coach B.Captain C.Officer D.Professor32.A.pretended B.explored C.tracked D.explained33A.disappointment B.surprise C.excitement D.sadness34.A.cared B.forgot C.talked D.thought35.A.putaway B.buildup C.breakdown D.focuson【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.A25.A26.C27.A28.B29.D30.D31.A32.D33.B34.B35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了有残疾的AdolfoDamianBerdun在春天教授四个班的小学生篮球技能，学生一开始很惊讶，但随着时间的推移，学生们的技能水平和兴趣迅速提高。学生似乎打破了坐在轮椅上的单腿教练与他的教练梦之间的障碍。21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在刚刚过去的这个春天，他教了四个班的小学生，这是一个名为“在学校，我学会了无限制地玩耍”的项目的一部分。A.canceled取消；B.taught教学；C.took带走；D.supported支持。根据后文“fourclasses”可知，他从事教学工作。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在刚刚过去的这个春天，他教了四个班的小学生，这是一个名为“在学校，我学会了无限制地玩耍”的项目的一部分。A.topic主题；B.proposal提议；C.system系统；D.project项目。根据后文“called“AtSchoolILeamtoPlayWithoutLimits”.”可知，指一个名为“在学校，我学会了无限制地玩耍”的项目。故选D。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在五个星期的时间里，孩子们从这项运动的真正传奇人物那里学习了篮球的基本技巧和体育精神。A.extinct灭绝的；B.advanced先进的；C.basic基本的；D.social社会的。根据后文“skillsofbasketball”此处指学生学习篮球的基本技巧。故选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在五个星期的时间里，孩子们从这项运动的真正传奇人物那里学习了篮球的基本技巧和体育精神。A.legend传奇人物；B.designer设计师；C.judge裁判；D.donor捐献者。根据上文“AscaptainofArgentina’snationalwheelchairbasketballteam,AdolfoDamianBerdunhasledhisteamtomanyvictoriesandistheMVP(mostvaluableplayer)ofhisItalianCup-winningteam.(作为阿根廷国家轮椅篮球队的队长，阿道夫·达米安·伯登带领他的球队取得了许多胜利，并且是意大利杯冠军球队的MVP（最有价值球员）)”可知，Berdun是传奇人物。故选A。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：第一天，当伯登来到球场上时，他站在一群睁大眼睛的二年级学生面前。A.wheeled滚动；B.walled走；C.ran奔跑；D.climbed攀爬。根据后文“helosthislegatage13”可知，伯登没有腿，是坐轮椅来的，wheel表示“滚动”符合语境。故选A。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第一天，当伯登来到球场上时，他站在一群睁大眼睛的二年级学生面前。A.easy-going随和的；B.kind-hearted善良的；C.wide-eyed睁大眼睛的；D.heart-broken心碎的。根据上文可知伯登没有腿，是坐轮椅来的，所以学生很惊讶，都睁大了眼睛。故选C。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是他说得很清楚，他们不是来谈论他那条不见了的腿的——他们是来打篮球的。