Unit2LessonsinlifeGrammar课件高二英语选择性

Unit2Period2Grammar课前

导

入A:Thebirdiseatingworms.B:Howcanyouchangethesentenceintopassivevoice?A:Worms_______________bythebird!arebeingeaten课堂学习Passivevoice1Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandmatchthemtothereasonswhythepassivevoiceisused.aOndiscoveringthatMorrieisbeingweakenedbyasevereillness,…b…TuesdayswithMorrieisjustmadeupofacollectionofover-emotionalthoughtsandmessages,…cAboxoftissueswillbeneededtogetthroughthisbook!1

Thesubjectisnotknown,isunimportant,oris“peopleingeneral”andcanbeomitted.2Thefocusofthesentenceisontherecipientoftheaction,notonthesubjectofthesentence.3Thesubjectgoeswithlengthyexpressionsthatarebetterputattheend.cabNowlookformoresentenceswiththepassivevoiceinthereadingpassageandtalkaboutwhyitisused.【语法讲解】动词的语态(voices)动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。

主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。被动语态的各种时态及构成一般时进行时完成时现在am/is/aredoneis/am/arebeingdonehas/havebeendone过去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone将来shall/willbedone无shall/willhavebeendone主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀一般现、过用bedone,be有人称、时、数变。完成时态havedone,被动将been加中间。一般将来shall(will)do,被动变do为bedone。将来进行无被动,shall(will)bedoing。现在完成进行同,have(has)beendoing。现、过进行bedoing,被动be加beingdone。情、助、有、是妥安排,一律随新主语变。否定助后加not,疑问一助置主前。主语恰是疑问词,直陈语序主在前。一般情助加bedone,双宾多将间宾变。复合宾语宾变主,宾补、主补相应变。【巧学助记】

不同时态的被动语态1.现在进行时的被动语态

(is/am/arebeingdone)(1)现在进行时的被动语态可以表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的被动动作，还可以表示一种经常性或习惯性的被动行为，常与always,constantly等连用，往往带有赞扬、责备、厌烦、埋怨等感情色彩。e.g.Sheisalwaysbeingpraisedbytheteacher.(2)现在进行时的被动语态还可以与情态动词连用，表示说话者对正在发生的被动行为的推测。e.g.Hemaybebeinginterviewedintheoffice.【牛刀小试】1.Thequestion__________________(discuss)atthemeetingnow.2.Thechildren_____________________(takecareof)bytheiraunt.

isbeingdiscussedarebeingtakencareof3.Johnisnothere.

Hemust____________________(interview).bebeinginterviewed【牛刀小试】2.Theroom______already_____________(clean).3.Thechild___________________(takecareof)bygrandmaalltheseyears.1.Thework_______________(do)byhim.hasbeendone

hasbeencleanedhasbeentakencareof3.一般现在时的被动语态(1)一般现在时的被动语态可以表示正在进行，比如有些表示状态、心理活动、情感等的动词，常用一般现在时的被动语态表示正在进行。e.g.Youarewantedonthephone.(2)“be+under/in/on+名词”这一结构也可以表示现在进行时被动语态的含义。e.g.Theproblemisunderdiscussionnow.=Theproblemisbeingdiscussednow.(3)有些动词进行时的主动形式就可以表示被动的含义，常见的有print,cook,fry,bake,burn,hang等。

e.g.Thehouseisburning.【牛刀小试】1.Thenewinternationalairportisstill______construction.2.Themeat___________(cook).

underiscooking4.过去进行时的被动语态(was/werebeingdone)(1)过去进行时态的被动语态的同它的主动语态一样，表示过去正在进行的被动动作。e.g.Treeswerebeingplantedbythematthistimeyesterday.(2)过去进行时态的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用，这时需要用完成时态的被动语态。(3)少数及物动词的的进行时表示按计划、安排将要承受某个动作。e.g.Somerockmusicisbeingplayedbythemnext.(4)过去进行时的被动语态否定式为was/were+not+being+done。过去进行时态的被动语态的一般疑问句需将was/were提到主语的前面。e.g.Wasanewlibrarybeingputupintheirschooljustthen？【牛刀小试】1.Anotherbridge_______________(build)overtheChangjiangRiverthen.2.Computer_______________(major)byhimduringhiscollege.wasbeingbuilt

wasbeingmajored5.将来完成时的被动语态(shall/willhavebeendone)将来完成时的被动语态表示相对于现在来说将要完成的被动性动作。将来完成时的被动语态与过去将来完成时的被动语态用法区别将来完成时的被动语态表示相对于现在来说将要完成的被动性动作，而过去将来完成时的被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说将要完成的被动性动作。e.g.Thisoilfieldwillhavebeenopenedbytheendofnextmonth.

到下月底为止，这块油田将被开采。析：该句表示相对于现在来说的下月底这块油田将被开采。

【牛刀小试】1.Thiscar___________________(drive)bySmithforfiveyearsbynextmonth.2.Johnsaidtheletter______________________(finish)bysupper.willhavebeendrivenwouldhavebeenfinished【巩固练习】Usethepassivevoicelearnedinthisunittotranslatethefollowingparagraphs.Samples:Myschoolissituatedinthewestofthecounty.Manyflowersandtreeshavebeenplantedintheschoolyard,soitisverybeautiful.Anofficebuildingandalabarebeingconstructed.Lastyear,anewplaygroundwasbuilt.Itissaidthatadininghallwillbesetupnextyear.Theclassroomsanddormitoriesarecleanedeveryday,sotheyarecleanandtidy.Everyyear,myschool’scollegeentranceexaminationresultsarerankedtopinthewholecity.Myschoolisworthvisiting.2Rewritetheparagraphusingthepassivevoicewhereappropriate.Sinceancienttimes,storytellinghasbeenawaytoshareandpassonwisdom.OneimportantearlyworkthatdidsowasAesop’sFables,acollectionofstoriesthathistorycreditstoAesop,aGreekstoryteller.PeoplebelievethathelivedinAncientGreecebetween620BCand564BC.Mostofthecharactersinhisstoriesareanimals,thequalitiesofwhichAesopusedtoreflecthuman

traitsandwisdom.EachfableteachesalifelessonthatAesopsummarisesinashortphraseattheendofthestory,calledamoral.Today,childrenandadultsallaroundtheworldstillenjoyAesop’sFables.Sinceancienttimes,storytellinghasbeenawaytoshareandpassonwisdom.OneimportantearlyworkthatdidsowasAesop’sFables,acollectionofstoriesthatiscreditedtoAesop,aGreekstoryteller.ItisbelievedthatAesoplivedinAncientGreecebetween620BCand564BC.Mostofthecharactersinhisstoriesareanimals,thequalitiesofwhichwereusedtoreflecthumantraitsandwisdombyAesop.Eachfableteachesalifelessonthatissummarisedinashortphraseattheendofthestory,calledamoral.Today,Aesop’sFablesisstillenjoyedbychildrenandadultsallaroundtheworld.Samples:3LookatthepicturesandwritethestoryfromAesop’sFables.Usethepassivevoicewhereappropriate.Onedayalittlemousewascaughtbyalion...Samples:Onedayalittlemousewascaughtbyalion.Thelionwanted