专题05 阅读理解（说明文+议论文）（解析版）-备战2024年高中学业水平考试英语真题分类汇编

专题05阅读理解（说明文+议论文）说明文1.（2023.云南）Whatifsomeonetoldyouaboutakindofgrassastallasthetallesttrees?Agrassasstrongassteel?Wouldyoubelievethatperson?Youshould,forthatgrassisbamboo(竹子),whichhasmorethan1,000uses.Itisnotjustamaterialformakingusefulproducts.Youngbambooiseaten,oftenmixedwithothervegetables.Bamboogrowsinmanypartsoftheworld.IntheUSAitgrowsinmanystateslikeVirginiaandFlorida.Mostbamboo,however,isfoundinwetandwarmclimates,especiallyinAsiaandontheislandsoftheSouthPacificOcean.InmostAsiancountries,bambooisnearlyasimportantasrice.Thisunusualmaterialisusedtonotonlybuildlargebuildingsbutalsomakewaterpipes,musicalinstrumentsandpaper.Thereareover1,000kindsofbamboo.Nowonderthelivesofnearlyhalfthepeopleonearthwouldchangegreatlyiftherewerenolongeranybamboo.8.Accordingtothetext,bambooisactuallyakindof.A.grass B.steel C.tree D.vegetable9.Wheredoesmostbamboogrow?A.OnlyinAsia. B.OnlyintheUSA.C.Inwetandwarmclimates. D.Allovertheworld.10.Whatisbamboousedtodoinparagraph3?A.Buildlargebuildings. B.Makewaterpipes.C.Makemusicalinstrumentsandpaper. D.Alloftheabove.11.Howmanykindsofbambooarethereaccordingtothetext?A.Over1,000. B.Over800. C.Over600. D.Over400.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了竹子的生长特点和用途。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Youshould,forthatgrassisbamboo(竹子),whichhasmorethan1,000uses.(你应该相信，因为这种草就是竹子，它有1000多种用途)”可知，竹子事实上是一种草。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Mostbamboo,however,isfoundinwetandwarmclimates,especiallyinAsiaandontheislandsoftheSouthPacificOcean.(然而，大多数竹子生长在潮湿和温暖的气候中，特别是在亚洲和南太平洋的岛屿上)”可知，竹子生长在世界各地，而大多数竹子生在在潮湿温暖的气候中。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Thisunusualmaterialisusedtonotonlybuildlargebuildingsbutalsomakewaterpipes,musicalinstrumentsandpaper.(这种不寻常的材料不仅用于建造大型建筑物，还用于制造水管、乐器和纸张)”可知，竹子不仅用于建造大型建筑物，还用于制造水管、乐器和纸张。故选D。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Thereareover1,000kindsofbamboo.(竹子有一千多种)”可知，文章介绍说竹子有1000多种。故选A。2.（2023.云南）Theskyisblue,andthesunshinesonthestreetinParis,whereMr.Gallaishasbeensellingoldclassicbookstotouristsformorethan30years.LocalsandtouristsaroundtheworldwouldcometoMr.Gallai’sshopand230otheropen-airbooksellers’tobuybook.However,becauseofthelockdownregulationstocontroltheCOVID-19pandemic,thebooksellershadtofacetheproblemoflosingthebusinessandlivingdifficultiestheseyears.“Saleshavedecreasedbyanaverageof80percentthisyear,”Mr.Galaissaid,“whichisthrowingmanybooksellersintodangeroussituations.”Still,somebooksellerswanttowork.Theyareeagertokeepthetraditionthatdatesbacktothel6thcentury.Manyofthebooksellersareretiredworkerslivingonpensions(养老金).Theygatherliteraturebooksandmagazines.Agrowingnumberofpeopleintheir30sand40shavejoinedtheirranks.Theywanttofeelfreefromworkingoutsideanofficeinrainorshine.Evenbeforethepandemic,thebooksellerswerefightingwiththeculturalchangesthatpeopledon’treadpaperbooksasmuchastheyusedto.Iftheydoreadpaperbooks,mostreaderswilloftenchooseAtobuyones.12.HowlonghasMr.Gallaisbeensellingoldclassicbooksalongthebank?A.Morethan16years. B.Morethan19years.C.Morethan23years. D.Morethan30years.13.What’sthemaincauseofthebooksellers’livingdifficultiestheseyears?A.Thebooksellers’competition. B.Thelockdownregulations.C.Thetrendofanewprofession. D.ThepopularityofE-books.14.Whydidmanypeopleintheir30sand40sbecomesellers?A.Theyarenotwillingtoacceptadvances.B.Theyareeagertoliveachallenginglife.C.Theywanttofeelfreefromworkingoutside.D.Theycanearnalargeamountofmoney.15.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Mr.Gallaisisn’tabookseller.B.Middle-agedpeopledon’tjointheranks.C.Retiredbooksellersdon’tgatherliteraturebooksandmagazines.D.Booksellersmakeeffortstokeepthebooksellingtradition.【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍即使面临新冠和人们读书方式改变的挑战，巴黎售卖露天图书的书商们依然努力保持图书销售的传统。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Theskyisblue,andthesunshinesonthestreetinParis,whereMr.Gallaishasbeensellingoldclassicbookstotouristsformorethan30years.(巴黎的天空是蓝色的，阳光照射在街道上，Gallais先生30多年来一直在那里向游客出售经典旧书)”可知，Mr.Gallais已经沿河岸出售经典书籍30多年了。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“However,becauseofthelockdownregulationstocontroltheCOVID-19pandemic,thebooksellershadtofacetheproblemoflosingthebusinessandlivingdifficultiestheseyears.(然而，由于控制新冠肺炎疫情的封锁规定，这些年来书商不得不面临失去生意和生活困难的问题)”可知，由于控制新冠肺炎疫情的封锁规定书商们这几年一直面临着生活困难。故选B。14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Agrowingnumberofpeopleintheir30sand40shavejoinedtheirranks.Theywanttofeelfreefromworkingoutsideanofficeinrainorshine.(越来越多的三四十岁的人加入了他们的行列。无论晴雨，他们想要从户外工作中获得自由)”可知，很多三四十岁的人成为书商是因为他们想要从户外工作中获得自由。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Still,somebooksellerswanttowork.Theyareeagertokeepthetraditionthatdatesbacktothel6thcentury.(尽管如此，一些书商还是想工作。他们渴望保留可以追溯到16世纪的传统)”和最后一段的“Evenbeforethepandemic,thebooksellerswerefightingwiththeculturalchangesthatpeopledon’treadpaperbooksasmuchastheyusedto.(甚至在疫情之前，书商就在与文化变革作斗争，即人们不再像过去那样多读纸质书了)”推知，书商努力保持图书销售的传统。故选D。3.（2023.河北）Whenitcomestothehistoryofsnowskiing,thereistheearlyhistoryandthemodernhistory.ThemodernhistoryistiedtotheScandinaviancountries.ScandinavianfarmersandhuntersusedskisregularlyduringtheMiddleAges.Bythe17thcentury,theSwedishAmywascompeting(竞争)onskisandusingthemforbattlepurposesaswell.Thehistoryofskiingiscomplicated(复杂的),andthere’snotellingnohowmanypeoplehadtheirhandsinthedevelopmentofskisovertheyears.Interestinglyenough,skiswereusedintheSierraNevadaMountainsduringthegoldrush,anddownhillraceswereorganizedbyminingcamps.Bythelate1800s,peopleallovertheworldwereexperimentingwithskisandusingthemforallkindsofpurposes.In1888,forexample,aNorwegianmannamedFrigidityNansencrossedGreenlandonskis.Nansenkeptajournalofthistrip,andwhenthisjournalwaspublishedin1890,itbroughtgreatinterestinskiinginbothEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Thisisoneofthemostimportantmomentsinthehistoryofsnowskiing.Thehistoryofskiingseestheactivity,orsportifyouprefer,reallytakingoffaroundtheturofthe20thcentury.Peoplestartedtakingonallkindsofskiingchallengesinthelate1800sandearly1900s,andthetechnologycontinuedtogetbetter.Thefirstpackageskivacationswereofferedinandaround1903.TheWinterOlympicsonlyhelpedthesportbecomepopular.In1932,bothskijumpingandcross-countryskiingwereeventsthatwerefeaturedintheWinterOlympicsatLakePlacid.Afterfirstfeaturingasademonstration(演示)sportathe1988CalgaryGames,freestyleskiingwasintroducedtotheWinterOlympicprogrammein1992.Therewere13eventsinfreestyleskiingatBeijing2022.51.WhyaretheScandinaviancountriesmentionedinParagraph1?A.Togiveanexample. B.Toexplainthesports.C.Tointroducethetopic. D.Toputforwardanargument.52.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thedevelopmentofskis. B.Theexperimentwithgold.C.ThehistoryofGreenland. D.Thestoryofaminingcamp.53.WhatmadeEuropeansandAmericansinterestedinskiing?A.Alongbattle. B.ANorwegian’swisdom.C.Thegoldrush. D.Thepublicationofajournal.54.Whendidthefirstpackageskivacationsappear?A.In1888. B.Inthe1600sC.Inandaround1903. D.Inthe1800s.55.Whateventbecamepartofthe1992WinterOlympics?A.Freestyleskiing B.SkijumpingC.Cross-countyskiing D.Downhillraces.【答案】51.C52.A53.D54.C55.A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是滑雪运动的历史和发展。【51题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“ThemodemhistoryistiedtotheScandinaviancountries.ScandinavianfarmersandhuntersusedskisregularlyduringtheMiddleAges.(现代历史与斯堪的纳维亚国家紧密相连。斯堪的纳维亚的农民和猎人在中世纪经常使用滑雪板。)”可知，在第一段中提到斯堪的纳维亚国家是为了引出本文的话题，即滑雪运动的历史，故选C。【52题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Thehistoryofskiingiscomplicated(复杂的),andthere’snotellingnohowmanypeoplehadtheirhandsinthedevelopmentofskisovertheyears.Interestinglyenough,skiswereusedintheSierraNevadaMountainsduringthegoldrush,anddownhillraceswereorganizedbyminingcamps.Bythelate1800s,peopleallovertheworldwereexperimentingwithskisandusingthemforallkindsofpurposes.(滑雪的历史是复杂的，不知道有多少人在这些年里参与了滑雪板的发展。有趣的是，淘金热时期内华达山脉使用滑雪板，下坡比赛由矿工营地组织。到19世纪末，世界各地的人们都在试验滑雪板，并将其用于各种目的。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是滑雪板的发展，故选A。【53题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Nansenkeptajournalofthistrip,andwhenthisjournalwaspublishedin1890,itbroughtgreatinterestinskiinginbothEuropeandtheUnitedStates.(Nansen把这次旅行记在日记里，当这本日记在1890年出版时，它引起了欧洲和美国对滑雪的极大兴趣。)”可知，一本日记的出版让欧洲人和美国人对滑雪感兴趣，故选D。【54题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Thefirstpackageskivacationswereofferedinandaround1903.(第一个滑雪度假包是在1903年前后推出的。)”可知，第一个滑雪度假包是在1903年前后出现的，故选C。【55题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Afterfirstfeaturingasademonstration(演示)sportathe1988CalgaryGames,freestyleskiingwasintroducedtotheWinterOlympicprogrammein1992.(自由式滑雪在1988年卡尔加里奥运会上首次成为表演项目，1992年被引入冬季奥运会。)”可知，自由式滑雪成为1992年冬奥会的比赛项目，故选A。4.（2023.广东）Anewinteractive(互动的)mapshowswhichpartsoftheworldhavebeenhithardestbyclimatechange.Themap,calledClimateEX,allowsuserstoseehowglobalwarming(全球变暖)influencestemperatureandrainfallacrosstheEarth.Themapshows,intheUK,areasofeasternScotlandhavebeenmostinfluencedbyclimatechange.IntheUS,thewestcoasthasseenariseintemperatureandlossofrainfall.Themapalsoshowsthatoverthenext50yearspartsofWalesandnortheastEnglandwillseebigchangestotheirclimate.DevelopedbyascientistattheUniversityofCincinnati,themapuses50yearsofpublicclimatedatafrom50,000internationalweatherstationsaroundtheEarth.Itshowsnotonlyhowtheclimatehaschanged,Butalsowhatwillpossiblyhappenbytheyear2070.Accordingtothemap,overthenext50yearsCentralAmericawillbesubjecttoterribleheatandrainfall.PapuaNewGuinea,southeasternChina,thewestcoastoftheUS,GreenlandandtheArcticarealsoeasilyinfluenced,mostimportantlyforsealevelchange.ClimateEXcanalsohelpuserssearchforplaceswhereclimatechangemayleadtoextremephenomena(现象)inthefuture.TheusersimplytouchestheplacewherestormsarefrequentatpresentonthemapandthenClimateEXwillshowalltheplaceswherestormsarelikelytohappenin50years.6.Ariseintemperatureandlossofrainfallhavehappenedin____.A.theUS B.China C.PapuaNewGuinea D.theUK7.Themaptellstheclimatechangeinthefutureby_.A.settingupweatherstations B.recordingrainfallC.measuringthesealevels D.usingpastclimatedata8.TheunderlinedphrasebesubjecttoinParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto____.A.cause B.suffer C.avoid D.change9.Accordingtothelastparagraph,themapcan_____.A.reducetheinfluencesofclimatechangeB.changetheclimatesofdifferentcountriesC.showwhereextremeclimateswillhappenD.suggesthowpeopledealwithclimatechange10.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.IncreasingRainfall B.AnAmazingMapC.AMapoftheWorld D.ChangeableClimate【答案】6.A7.D8.B9.C10.B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新研究开发交互式地图可显示全球气候变化状况。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“IntheUS,thewestcoasthasseenariseintemperatureandlossofrainfall.(在美国，西海岸气温上升，降雨量减少。)”可知，美国出现了气温上升和降雨减少的情况。故选A。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“DevelopedbyascientistattheUniversityofCincinnati,themapuses50yearsofpublicclimatedatafrom50,000internationalweatherstationsaroundtheEarth.(该地图由辛辛那提大学的一位科学家开发，使用了全球5万个国际气象站50年来的公共气候数据。)”可知，该地图利用过去的气候数据来预测未来的气候变化。故选D。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Itshowsnotonlyhowtheclimatehaschanged,Butalsowhatwillpossiblyhappenbytheyear2070.(它不仅显示了气候是如何变化的，而且还显示了到2070年可能会发生什么。)”和划线词前半句“Accordingtothemap,overthenext50yearsCentralAmerica(根据地图，在未来的50年里，中美洲)”可推断，在未来的50年里，中美洲将遭受可怕的高温和降雨。所以划线词besubjectto为“遭受”之意。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“ClimateEXcanalsohelpuserssearchforplaceswhereclimatechangemayleadtoextremephenomena(现象)inthefuture.(ClimateEX还可以帮助用户搜索未来气候变化可能导致极端现象的地方。)”可知，该地图可以显示哪里会发生极端天气。故选C。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Anewinteractive(互动的)mapshowswhichpartsoftheworldhavebeenhithardestbyclimatechange.(一幅新的交互式地图显示了世界上哪些地区受气候变化影响最严重。)”、第三段“Itshowsnotonlyhowtheclimatehaschanged,Butalsowhatwillpossiblyhappenbytheyear2070.(它不仅显示了气候是如何变化的，而且还显示了到2070年可能会发生什么。)及全文可知，文章主要介绍了新研究开发交互式地图可显示全球气候变化状况，还能预测未来的气候变化，是令人惊讶的。所以“AnAmazingMap(令人惊叹的地图)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。5.（2023.广东）Angerisanaturalfeelingthateveryoneexperiencesinlife.Someresearchersbelievethefirstsoundababymakeswhenborncouldbeasignofanger.Angermaybethefirstfeelingwehaveandrespondto.It’sinmanycasesaperfectlyhealthyfeeling.Angercancausepeopletomakeverypositivechangesintheirlives.Sometimeswehavetobeangryatinjustice(不公正),atwrongdoings,orevenatnature,beforewecandowhatneedstobedonetocorrectwrongsormakethingsbetter.Butofcourse,thatisnothowweusuallythinkofanger.Mostpeoplethinkofangerasafeelingwemustkeepundercontrol.Childrenaresometimessenttotheirroomsorpunishedforexpressingangerinanuncontrolledway.Parentstellachildtocontrolhimselfwhenthechildshowsanger.Wemaybeangrywithfriendsoratwork,butweknowit’snotrighttoshowit.Veryearlyinlife,welearnthatangerissomethingthatmustbecontrolled.Welearnthisforagoodreason.Uncontrolledangercanleadtofights,caraccidents,badrelationshipswithothers,unacceptablesocialbehavior,andmanyotherproblems.However,manyexpertssaythatifonesuppresseshisanger,hemaysufferseriousmentalandphysicalhealthproblems.Sowhatcanwedotounderstandandcalmthisfeeling?Onesolutionistotalkaboutitwithsomeonewetrust,forexample,agoodfriend.Wecanalsotrytowalkawayfromasituationthatcausesanger,askadoctorforadvice,orjustexercisemoreinourdailylife.Andofcoursewemayhavemanyothermethods.Whateversolutionwechoose,aslongaswearetryingtofindthesolutiontotheproblem,wehavealreadytakenthefirststepintherightdirection.11.AccordingtoParagraph1,angercan_____.A.leadtojustice B.keepushealthyC.helpustellrightfromwrong D.helpusmakethingsbetter12.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellus?A.Wearetaughttocontrolanger.B.Angerappearsearlyinlife.C.Weshouldn’tgetangryatwork.D.Angrychildrenshouldbepunished.13.Theunderlinedword“suppresses”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto_____.A.holdsin B.takesin C.expresses D.understands14.Whichofthefollowingcanhelpdealwithanger?A.Excellentphysicalhealth.B.Atalkwithaclosefriend.C.Someexercisesgivenbyteachers.D.Agoodrelationshipwithothers.15.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofanger?A.Angershownbychildrenisunacceptable.B.Angerleadstodeadlymentalandphysicalillnesses.C.Angercanbeahealthyfeelingandneedbetreatedproperly.D.Angerbuildsuprelationshipswithourfriendsorworkmates.【答案】11.D12.A13.A14.B15.C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了愤怒是一种健康的情感，需要妥善对待。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“It’sinmanycasesaperfectlyhealthyfeeling.Angercancausepeopletomakeverypositivechangesintheirlives.Sometimeswehavetobeangryatinjustice(不公正),atwrongdoings,orevenatnature,beforewecandowhatneedstobedonetocorrectwrongsormakethingsbetter.(在很多情况下，这是一种非常健康的感觉。愤怒可以使人们在生活中做出非常积极的改变。有时，我们必须对不公正、对错误的行为、甚至对大自然感到愤怒，然后才能做我们需要做的事情来纠正错误或使事情变得更好。)”可知，愤怒可以帮助我们使事情变得更好。故选D。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Mostpeoplethinkofangerasafeelingwemustkeepundercontro1.Childrenaresometimessenttotheirroomsorpunishedforexpressingangerinanuncontrolledway.Parentstellachildtocontrolhimselfwhenthechildshowsanger.Wemaybeangrywithfriendsoratwork,butweknowit’snotrighttoshowit.Veryearlyinlife,welearnthatangerissomethingthatmustbecontrolled.(大多数人认为愤怒是一种必须加以控制的感情。孩子们有时会因为失控地表达愤怒而被送回房间或受到惩罚。当孩子生气时，父母告诉孩子要控制自己。我们可能会对朋友或在工作中生气，但我们知道表现出来是不对的。很小的时候，我们就知道愤怒是一种必须控制的东西。)”可知，第二段主要告诉我们，我们被教导要控制愤怒。故选A。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词前句“Uncontrolledangercanleadtofights,caraccidents,badrelationshipswithothers,unacceptablesocialbehavior,andmanyotherproblems.(不受控制的愤怒会导致打架、车祸、与他人的不良关系、不可接受的社会行为以及许多其他问题。)”和后半句“hemaysufferseriousmentalandphysicalhealthproblems.(他可能会遭受严重的精神和身体健康问题。)”并结合表示转折意义的however可知，不受控制的愤怒会有负面影响，但压抑自己的愤怒可能会遭受严重的精神和身体健康问题。所以划线词suppresses为“压制，压抑”之意。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Onesolutionistotalkaboutitwithsomeonewetrust,forexample,agoodfriend.(一种解决方法是和我们信任的人谈论，例如，一个好朋友。)”可知，与亲密朋友的谈话可以帮助处理愤怒。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“It’sinmanycasesaperfectlyhealthyfeeling.Angercancausepeopletomakeverypositivechangesintheirlives.(在很多情况下，这是一种非常健康情感。愤怒可以使人们在生活中做出非常积极的改变)”和第三段“Uncontrolledangercanleadtofights,caraccidents,badrelationshipswithothers,unacceptablesocialbehavior,andmanyotherproblems.However,manyexpertssaythatifonesuppresseshisanger,hemaysufferseriousmentalandphysicalhealthproblems.(不受控制的愤怒会导致打架、车祸、与他人的不良关系、不可接受的社会行为以及许多其他问题。然而，许多专家表示，如果一个人压抑自己的愤怒，他可能会遭受严重的精神和身体健康问题)”可推断，愤怒可以是一种健康的感觉，需要妥善对待。故选C。6.（2023.北京）Alotofusspendmostofourworkingdaysittingatthecomputerwithoutmovingatall.So,howdoestheworldkeepfit?Let’shavealookatsomeofthelatestexercisesfromaroundtheworld.Towerrunningisasportyoucandointhetallbuildingsofalmostanybigcity.Allyouneedtodoisstartatthebottomofanofficetowerandrunupallthestairsuntilyougettothetop.Now,towerrunninghasbecomepopularwithimportantracestakingplaceinsomeoftheworld’stallesttowers,liketheChinaWorldTradeCentreinBeijing.PiloxingstartedintheUSA.Thesportisamixbetweenboxing,pilates(普拉提)anddance.Piloxingusesthepowerandspeedofboxing,whilebuildingyourmusclesandstrengthwithpilates.Allofthishappenstonon-stoploudmusic,andyoulearnsomegreatdancemovestoo.Paddleboardingontheoceanmightlookeasy,butitisatoughsport.Youneedtobestrongtokeepyourbalance.ThesportwasadaptedfromsurfingandithaditsrootsinPolynesiawherepeopleusedpaddlingforbothworkandplay-fromtransporttocatchingwaves.Trapezemayremindyouofthecircusact-peoplefly,danceandmovefromsidetosidethroughtheair.JulesLeotarddevelopedtheartoftrapezeinthemid-nineteenthcenturyinFrance.Toperformtrapeze,peoplemustdevelopupper-bodystrengthtoturnandfly.Areyouready?Evenashortamountofexerciseeverydaycanhelpustofeelhappierandmorerelaxed.16.Whichexercisemustbedoneintallbuildings?A.Towerrunning. B.Piloxing. C.Paddleboarding. D.Trapeze.17.Wheredoespaddleboardingcomefrom?A.China. B.TheUSA. C.Polynesia. D.France.18.Todotrapezewell,peoplemusthave.A.strongupper-bodystrength B.powerandspeedofboxingC.betterrunningability D.goodswimmingskills19.Whatdoesthispassagecallonpeopletodo?A.Loseweight. B.Getmoving. C.Keepworking. D.Travelaround.【答案】16.A17.C18.A19.B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个最新的锻炼方式。【16题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Towerrunningisasportyoucandointhetallbuildingsofalmostanybigcity.(跑塔是一项你几乎可以在任何大城市的高楼大厦里进行的运动)”可知，Towerrunning必须在高楼里做。故选A。【17题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“ThesportwasadaptedfromsurfingandithaditsrootsinPolynesiawherepeopleusedpaddlingforbothworkandplay-fromtransporttocatchingwaves.(这项运动是由冲浪运动演变而来的，它起源于波利尼西亚，那里的人们将划桨用于工作和娱乐——从运输到乘风破浪)”可知，桨板是从波利尼西亚来的。故选C。【18题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Toperformtrapeze,peoplemustdevelopupper-bodystrengthtoturnandfly.(为了表演空中飞人，人们必须锻炼上肢力量来转弯和飞行)”可知，要做好空中飞人，人必须有强壮的上肢力量。故选A。【19题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Areyouready?Evenashortamountofexerciseeverydaycanhelpustofeelhappierandmorerelaxed.(你准备好了吗？即使是每天少量的运动也能让我们感到更快乐、更放松)”可知，这篇文章号召人们行动起来。故选B。7.（2023.北京）Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetrainedandstudiedhomingpigeons.Thesebirdsadoptahomingspotbythetimetheyaresixweeksold.Whenreleasedfromunfamiliarplaces,theyhavetheunbelievableabilitytoreturntotheirhome.Onitsjourneyhome:apigeoncanflyover500milesinasingleday.Inonestudy,somehomingpigeonswerereleasedfromAfricaandflewover7,000milestoarrivesafelyattheirhomeinEngland.Throughouttheirjourneywhichtook55days,theyflewasurprisinglystraightpathhome.Homingpigeonshaveservedpeopleinmanywaysthroughouttheyears.Hospitalsusedpigeonstodelivermedicine.InWorldWarI,pilotsbroughtthepigeonsalongastheyflewmissions.Iftheirplanewasdisabled,thepilotwouldreleasethepigeonwithamessagestatinghislocationandcallingforhelp.Today,thereareover4milliontrainedhomingpigeonsaroundtheworld.Werecognizethehomingpigeons’amazingabilitytonavigate,butscientistsarestillpuzzledastohowthesebirdscanreturnhomeaccurately.Manyscientistsdiscoveredthatthebumpsonahomingpigeon’sbeakcontainironparticleswhicharepointingtotheNorthPolemuchlikeaman-madecompass.Scientistsarrangedanexperimenttotestthetheorythatbirdsusetheseironparticlestonavigate.Theyplacedmagnets,whichwouldinfluencethemagneticfield,onthebackofpigeons.Theyfoundthatthispreventedsomepigeons’abilityfromflyinghome.However,manyofthesebirdsstillnavigatedeffectively.Thisindicatedthatthemagneticfieldisnottheonlyfactorinvolvedinthehomingpigeon’sabilitytonavigate.Sincethen,scientistshavefoundthatpigeonscansensesoundsthathumanscannothear,andthat“soundfields”mayalsohelpthemnavigate.Atheorythatbirdshaveahighlydevelopedsenseofsmellthattheyusetonavigateisalsobeingtested.Atthistime,scientistsbelievethathomingpigeonsmostlikelyuseamixtureofsystemstofindtheirwayhome.24.Whenarehomingpigeonsabletonavigatetoahomingspot?A.Afteralong-distanceflight. B.Sincetheirbirth.C.Whenthey’resixweeksold. D.Whenthey’rewell-trained.25.HowdidthehomingpigeonhelppeopleinWorldWarI?A.Bymisleadingtheenemy. B.Bysendingmessages.C.Bydeliveringmedicine. D.ByactingasaGPS.26.Whatisthefunctionofthebumpsonthehomingpigeon’sbeak?A.Findingtheway. B.Keepingbalance. C.Noticingsmells. D.Sensingsounds.27.Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsmainlytalkabout?A.Practicalusesofthehomingpigeon. B.Trainingtechniquesforthehomingpigeon.C.Thephysicalstructureofthehomingpigeon. D.Thenavigationsystemsofthehomingpigeon.【答案】24.C25.B26.A27.D【导语】这是一篇说明文。几千年来，人们一直在训练和研究信鸽。文章主要介绍了信鸽的作用以及其生理特点。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thesebirdsadoptahomingspotbythetimetheyaresixweeksold.(这些鸟在六周大的时候会找到一个归巢的地方)”可知，信鸽六周大的时候能够导航到归航点。故选C。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“InWorldWarI,pilotsbroughtthepigeonsalongastheyflewmissions.Iftheirplanewasdisabled,thepilotwouldreleasethepigeonwithamessagestatinghislocationandcallingforhelp.(在第一次世界大战中，飞行员在执行飞行任务时携带鸽子。如果他们的飞机坏了，飞行员就会释放鸽子，并发出信息，说明他的位置并寻求帮助)”可知，信鸽在第一次世界大战中通过发送信息帮助人们。故选B。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Manyscientistsdiscoveredthatthebumpsonahomingpigeon’sbeakcontainironparticleswhicharepointingtotheNorthPolemuchlikeaman-madecompass.(许多科学家发现，信鸽喙上的凸起含有铁颗粒，这些颗粒指向北极，很像人造指南针)”可知，信鸽喙上的凸起可以找路。故选A。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“Scientistsarrangedanexperimenttotestthetheorythatbirdsusetheseironparticlestonavigate.Theyplacedmagnets,whichwouldinfluencethemagneticfield,onthebackofpigeons.Theyfoundthatthispreventedsomepigeons’abilityfromflyinghome.However,manyofthesebirdsstillnavigatedeffectively.Thisindicatedthatthemagneticfieldisnottheonlyfactorinvolvedinthehomingpigeon’sabilitytonavigate.(科学家们安排了一个实验来检验鸟类利用这些铁粒子导航的理论。他们在鸽子背上放置了磁铁，可以影响磁场。他们发现这阻止了一些鸽子飞回家的能力。然而，这些鸟类中的许多仍然有效地导航。这表明磁场并不是影响信鸽导航能力的唯一因素)”以及最后一段“Sincethen,scientistshavefoundthatpigeonscansensesoundsthathumanscannothear,andthat“soundfields”mayalsohelpthemnavigate.Atheorythatbirdshaveahighlydevelopedsenseofsmellthattheyusetonavigateisalsobeingtested.Atthistime,scientistsbelievethathomingpigeonsmostlikelyuseamixtureofsystemstofindtheirwayhome.(从那时起，科学家们发现鸽子可以感知人类听不到的声音，“声场”也可能帮助它们导航。鸟类有高度发达的嗅觉，它们用来导航的理论也正在接受测试。在这个时候，科学家们认为信鸽最有可能使用多种系统来找到回家的路)”可知，最后两段主要讲了信鸽的导航系统。故选D。8.（2023.北京）Thebodygivesoffmanygases.Althoughsomesmellsmaysignalaneedtobatheorthatyouateacertainmeal,othergasesmightpointtoseriousdisease.Now,researchershavecomeupwithasystemthatusesearmuffstocatchthedisease-signalinggases.Doctorscouldgettheinformationaspatientswearasetofearmuffs.Resultscouldbereadywithinminutes.“Theearisagoodplacetomonitor,”explainsJohnson,abiomedicalengineer.Theear’sskinisfairlythin,henotes.Sogasesdon’thavetotravelfartogetoutofthebloodandescapethroughskinpores.Tocollectthegases,Johnsonandhisteamselectedearmuffsthatmakeatightsealwiththehead.Thesearethetypepeopleoftenweartoprotecttheearsfromloudnoise.Histeammadetwoholesinthemuffcoveringoneear.Atubeslowlypumpedairinonehole.Anothertubepulledairoutofthesecondholeandsentittoasensor.Intheirtests,theteamfoundthattheycouldmeasurechangesintheamountofalcoholcomingfromtheskinoftheear.ItcouldworkmuchlikeaBreathalyzerthatpoliceusetotestpeoplefordrivingdrunk.Theteaminvitedthreemen.Eachhadtoavoiddrinkingalcoholforatleastthreedaysbeforetakingpart.Onceinthelab,thesemenworetheearmuffsandsatfor10minutesasthesystemrecordednormalgaslevelsleavingtheirears.Afterward,themendrankabigamountofalcohol.About7minuteslater,theearmuffsystemtestedoutariseinalcoholleavingtheskin.After50minutes,alcohollevelsreachedthepeakandcontinuedfallinguntilthetestwasover.Theteamthenmeasuredothergasesbychangingoutthesensor.Withtherightsensor,theirearmuffsystemcouldtestoutdisease.Later,theyreplacedtheearmuffswithaone-earedversiontomakeitabitmorecomfortable.Johnsonimaginesanotherpossiblebenefit.Theearmuffsystemcouldhelpdoctorstellwhetherachild’searinfe