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Unit5Period1Startingout&Understandingideas新课导入Somenaturalphenomenaarereallyamazing.Whatnaturalphenomenaareyoufamiliarwith?thunderandlightningtheearthquakethesolareclipsethemirageWatchthevideoandanswerthequestions.1
Whatnaturalphenomenaarementionedinthevideo?2
Howweretheseexplainedinthepast?Whatarethescientificexplanationsbehindthem?1课堂学习Startingout1.Whatnaturalphenomenaarementionedinthevideo?Thenaturalphenomenathatarementionedinthevideoinclude:theearthquake,thesolareclipse,thunderandlightning,andthemirage.2.Howweretheseexplainedinthepast?Whatarethescientificexplanationsbehindthem?Fortheearthquake:NativeAmericansused
tobelievethatearthquakeswerecausedbyastrugglebetweenalargebird,calledthe
Thunderbird,anda
whale.AnancientJapanesebeliefwasthatearthquakeswerecausedby
themovementsofagiantcatfishthatcarriedtheworldonitsback.Scientistsnowknowthatearthquakesareactuallycausedbythemovementoftectonicplates.
Forthesolareclipse:Inmanycultures,therewereancientbeliefsthatsolareclipseswerecausedbyacreatureeatingtheSun.InVietnam,thatcreaturewasagiantfrog,inNorway,a
wolf,andinChina,itwasahugedog.Infact,solareclipseshappenwhentheMoonpassesbetweenEarthandtheSun,temporarilyblockingtheSun’slight.Forthunderandlightning:
InMedievalEurope,peoplethoughtthatsupernaturalforcescausedthunderandlightning.Itwasasignofbadtimesahead.Modernsciencetellsusthatlightningisanelectricchargemovingbetweenclouds,orbetweencloudsandtheearth.Thunderisashockwaveofsoundcausedbylightning.Forthemirage:InAncientChina,peolplebelievedthatthiswasactuallycausedbythebreathofadragon.Thesedays,peopleknowthata“mirage”happenswhenlayersofairwithvaryingtemperaturescauselighttobend.Lookatthepicturesandanswerthequestions.21Whatdoyouknowaboutthesemysteries?2Whatotherunsolvedmysteriesdoyouknowof?3Whichofthesedoyoumostwanttoinvestigate?AtlantisAtlantisisalegendarycity,whichisdescribedintheworkoftheGreekphilosopherPlato.ThestoryofAtlantiswithitsfabulouslywealthyandadvancedcivilisationwhichwassweptintotheseatobelostforeverhascapturedtheimaginationofreadersforovertwomillennia.NazcalinesTheNazcaLinesareacollectionofgiantgeometricpatternsandanimalshapes.DrawnintothelandscapesofsouthernPeru,themajorityofthelinesarebelievedtobetheworkoftheNazcapeoplearound1ADto700.DesignatedaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitein1994,numerousstudiesandtheorieshavesofarnotexplainedthereasonwhythelineswerecreated.【背景知识】TunguskaeventTunguskaevent,enormousexplosionthatisestimatedtohaveoccurredat7:14amplusorminusoneminuteon30June1908,atanaltitudeof5-10kilometres,flatteningsome2,000squarekilometresandcharringmorethan100squarekilometresofpineforestnearthePodkamennayaTunguskaRiverinCentralSiberia,Russia.BlackholeA
blackholeisaregionofspace-timeexhibitinggravitationalaccelerationsostrongthatnothing,notevenlight,canescapefromit.1Lookatthepicturesandanswerthequestions.Dofurtherresearchifnecessary.Understandingideas1Whatdoyouknowabouttheseancientcivilisations?2Whatmightbethereasonsbehindtheircollapse?3
Whatotherancientcivilisationsdoyouknowof?Sharewhatyouknowwiththeclass.AncientGreeceAncientBabylonAncientEgypt1.Whatdoyouknowabouttheseancientcivilisations?AncientGreecehasalonghistorywhichwasmadeupofmanyGreekcity-states.TheancientGreeksbelievedingods,goddesses,andmagicalcreatures.TheGreeksbuilttemplestohonortheirgods.Theytoldwonderfulmythsabouttheirgods.AncientBabylonwasamassivewalledcity,andeveryonelivedinsidethewalledcity.
LawsofBabylonwerefamous.Toensurethatthelawswerefollowedbyeveryone,oneofthekingsofBabylonhadthelawswrittendownonstonesothateveryonewouldbetreatedequallyunderthelaw.AncientEgypthadadvancedscienceandtechnologyforthetime.AncientEgyptiansbuiltalotofgrandPyramids,whichwerethetombsoftheirkings.
AncientEgyptiansleftmanyworksofart,whichreflectedthecollectiveeffort.Thecolorsofthepaintingsintherocktombslookedfreshandvivid.2.Whatmightbethereasonsbehindtheircollapse?3.Whatotherancientcivilisationsdoyouknowof?Sharewhatyouknowwiththeclass.Itmightbethewarsthatledtotheircollapse.Theywereconqueredbyotherempires.TheMayanIndianslivedinMexicoforthousandsofyears.TheMayabelievedinmanygods.Theybuiltlargetemplestohonorthem.ReadthepassageandfindoutthepossiblereasonsforthedisappearanceofMayacivilisation.25_________________________________________________________________Somerecentstudieshavefoundthattherewerefarfewertropicalcyclonesthanusualbetween700ADand1000AD.Thisislikelytohaveledtoaseriesofdroughts,eachlastingforacoupleofyears,inchudinga“megadrought”around900AD.ManyscientistsbelievethatthesedroughtswerethemainreasonwhyMayacivilisationbegantocollapseatdifferentratesindifferentplaces.Thesedroughtswouldhaveledtofoodshortages,conflictsand,ultimately,thedownfallofthecities.6Whateverthereasons,Mayacivilisationlargelydisappearedwithinthedeepjungle.Itsoncegreatcitiesfellintoruin,leavingvariousmysteriesforlaterpeopletosolve.___________________________________________________Nowcheckyourfindings:ThewaythattheMayapeoplechangedthelandscapearoundthemmayhavebeenoneofthereasonsbehindthedisappearanceoftheircivilisation.Turningwetlandsintofieldsforgrowinggrains,digginghugecanalsystemsandcuttingdownmoretreesfor
constructionreducedtheirabilitytocopewithnaturaldisasters.Whenthosenaturaldisasters,suchasdroughts,struck,theMayawouldhavefacedfoodshortages,conflictsand,eventually,thedownfalloftheircities.3aMayacivilisationhasbeensurroundedbymysterysinceitsrediscoveryinthe19thcentury.bButthegreatestmysteryofalliswhatcausedtheMayatoabandonmostoftheirgreatcities.cAlthoughhistheoryhasbeendismissedbyscholars,itshowshowpowerfulthesecretsofAncientMayacivilisationareamongpeople.dResearchalsosuggeststhatthosenaturaldisastersmayhaveledtothedeclineoftheMaya.eMeanwhile,theriseandfallofthiscivilisationmustalsoleaveusthinkingaboutourownpast,presentandfuture.fSomeresearchseemstoindicatethattheMayapeoplethemselvesmayhaveplayedapartintheirdownfall.1-c2-a3-b4-f5-d6-e
Trytofigureoutthestructureofthepassage.PartsPara.(s)MainideaPart1Part2Part3Part4Part5Para.1Para.2Para.3Para.s4-5Para.6IntroducethetopicTheachievementsofMayacivilizationThedeclineofMayacivilizationThereasonsforthecollapseofMayacivilizationThemysteriesofMayacivilizationremaintobesolved4MAYACIVILISATIONTimeLocationPossiblereasonsforcollapsearound1800BCto1100ADfrom1__________to2_______________1humancauses-reducedtheabilitytodealwith3_________________4___________________________5___________________________hugeexpansionofthe6____________2naturalcauses-aseriesof7__________between700ADand1000AD,each8________________________________.
Mexico
CentralAmerica
naturaldisastersturningwetlandsintofields
digginghugecanalsystems
population
droughts
lastingforacoupleofyears5mathematicscalendarwritingsystemItcanthereforebedifficulttoexplainwhy,despitetheirexcellentconstructionskills,theMayaneverlearnttouse4___________________________________,whiletheancientChinesedid.FactssuchastheseaddtothemysterysurroundingMayacivilisation,drivingpeopletofindoutwhyit5___________whileothers,suchasAncientChina,survivedandthrived.wheels,metaltoolsorevenanimalpowerdisappeared1Whatistheauthor’spurposeinstartingthepassagewiththestoryaboutWilliamGadoury?2Whatotherthingsdoyouthinkcoulddestroyacivilisation?Shareanexamplewiththeclass.3WhatlessonscanyoulearnfromthecollapseofMayacivilisation?Howcanthisinformationhelpthedevelopmentoftoday’ssociety?4Whichoftheargumentsinthepassagedidyoufindthemostconvincing?Giveyourreasons.ThinkShare1.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinstartingthepassagewiththestoryaboutWilliamGadoury?ThestoryaboutWilliamGadouryshowshowthesecretsofAncientMayacivilisationhavecapturedpeople’simaginations.2.Whatotherthingsdoyouthinkcoulddestroyacivilisation?Shareanexamplewiththeclass.Maybethewars.AncientGreecewasconqueredbytheRomanEmpire.3.WhatlessonscanyoulearnfromthecollapseofMayacivilisation?Howcanthisinformationhelpthedevelopmentoftoday’ssociety?Wecan’tdestroythebalanceoftheecosystem.Humansshouldliveinharmonywithnature.Onlyifwecarefornaturecanwebetterprotectourlivingenvironment.4.Whichoftheargumentsinthepassagedidyoufindthemostconvincing?Giveyourreasons.Megadrought.Itmightcausefoodshortage,conflictsandthedownfallofthecities.1.IntriguedbyMayacivilisationfromaveryyoungage,15-year-oldCanadianWilliamGadourythoughthehadmadeanincrediblediscoveryfromhisstudyofancientstarcharts.十五岁的加拿大少年威廉.加杜里自幼便对玛雅文明着迷,他认为自己通过研究古老星象图有了惊人发现。Paraphrase:Fifteen-year-oldCanadianWilliamGadourywasfascinatedbyMayacivilisationfromaveryyoungage,andhethoughthehaddiscoveredsomethingamazingwhilestudyingancientstarcharts.本句中的intriguedby是过去分词短语作原因状语,表示“被……所吸引”。e.g.Intriguedbytheheateddebate,hekeptwatchingfortwohours.
他被这场激烈的辩论吸引住了,一直看了两个小时。Languagepoints4.ExtendingsouthfrompartsofwhatwenowknowasMexicointoCentralAmerica,Mayacivilisationhasbeensurroundedbymysterysinceitsrediscoveryinthe19thcentury.玛雅文明从我们现在所知的墨西哥向南延伸到中美洲,自19世纪被重新发现以来,玛雅文明一直被神秘所包围。【词汇拓展】expand(...)into(把……)扩展/发展成……expansionn.扩大;增加;膨胀contract(反义词)vi.收缩【易混辨析】expand指范围、体积的扩大、膨胀;enlarge指面积、体积的扩大extend指长度、宽度的延伸及时间的延长spread指物种、疾病、思想、文化等的传播、延伸。
8.ThefactthatMayasocietywastechnologicallyprimitive
makesitsachievementsallthemore
incredibleandmysterious.玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始,这一事实使得玛雅的种种成就更加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。(1)allthemore更加,愈加(用于强调)e.g.Severalpublishersrejectedherbook,butthatmadeherallthemoredetermined.几家出版商拒绝了她的书,但这让她更加坚定了决心。(2
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