Unit4HistoryandTraditions重点单词导学案-高一英语人教版

Book2U4HistoryandTraditions重点单词导学案Individual■adj①[只用于名词前]单独的；个人的：Eachindividualleafonthetreeisdifferent.树上的每片叶子都不相同。Itisdifficultforateachertogiveindividualattentiontochildreninalargeclass.在人数多的班上教师很难照顾到每个孩子。②独特的；与众不同的：She’sgotaveryindividualwayofdressing.她穿衣非常有个性。■n.个人；个体；与众不同的人：Together,individualscanmakeadifference.万众一心，众志成城。TobeetheOlympicchampionintheindividualallaroundevent,GabbyDouglashadtoleaveeverythingsheknewbest.（2023全国）为了在个人全能项目中取得冠军，GabbyDouglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切。派生词：►individualismn.个人主义 ►individualityn.个性；特征[小试牛刀]写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Someindividualsarebornwithagiftforpublicspeaking.(2020山东) ___________2.Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.(2019北京) ___________3.Thechildrenarehappybecausetheygetalotmoreindividualattentionandrespondwellbecausesomeonehastimeforthem. ___________4.Thegirlhasaveryindividualwayofdressing. ___________Belongvi属(于)；应在(某处)：Putthechairbackwhereitbelongs.把椅子放回原处。►belongto（to是介词）属于；是……的成员；应归入：Someofthestampsbelongtome,whiletherestarehisandhers.这些邮票中有些是我的，其余是他和她的。Thefuturebelongstothosewhobelieveinthebeautyoftheirdreams.未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,yourworkoutpartnermustbelongtothesamegym. （2022全国改）如果你打算在健身房锻炼的话，你的训练同伴一定来自同一个健身房。Lionsandtigersbelongtothecatfamily.狮子和老虎属于猫科动物。★注意：belongto不能用于进行时态和被动语态。派生词：►belongingn.归属：Childrenneedasenseofbelonging.（2021全国）孩子需要归属感。►belongingsn.[复数]所有物；财产；财物(possessions)：Lookafteryourpersonalbelongings.照管好你的私人财物。[小试牛刀]一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Thehousebelongs______myauntbutshedoesn’tlivehereanymore.2.Before1066,inthelandwenowcallGreatBritainlivedpeoples___________(belong)totwomajorlanguagegroups. 3.Thetaxidriveroftenremindspassengerstotaketheir___________(belong)whentheyleavethecar. 二、根据所给汉语及提示，完成下列句子。1.WhenIwasaboy,I_______________(是……的成员)theBoyScouts(童子军),soIusedtogocampingeverysummer.2.Inotherwords,gossip(闲聊)issatisfyingbecauseitgivespeople________________________(归属感).(2016浙江)Aswellas①与……一样好：IwishIcouldspeakEnglishaswellashecan.我希望自己的英语讲得跟他一样好。②和；也；除……之外：Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.（课文）除了拥有同样的货币和国防以外，他们也使用同一面国旗。Aswellaswritingstories,Ilovereadingandlisteningtomusic.除了写小说，我还喜欢读书和听音乐。★注意aswellas连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与aswellas前的主语保持人称和数的一致。Theteacheraswellashisstudentsisgoingtoplanttreestomorrow.明天不但学生们去植树，老师也去。[小试牛刀]根据所给汉语及提示，将下列句子译成英语。1.艾美和她的兄弟们上周回到村子时受到了热烈的欢迎。(2019天津)(被动,givesbawele)________________________________________________________whenreturningtothevillagelastweek.2.爱伦跳舞很棒。我希望我的舞跳得和她一样好。(2015陕西)(wish)Ellenisafantasticdancer.___________________________________3.这个论坛真的帮助我提高了自信和社交能力，还有我的学习成绩。(grade)Theforumhasreallyhelpedmetoimprovemyconfidenceandsocialskills______________________________.Defencen.①防御；保卫；防护：theMinistryofDefence/theDefenceDepartment国防部Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhands,asifindefence.他后退几步，看上去有些吃惊，然后举起手，看起来好像是在自卫。②防务；防御物；防御能力：Thebodyhasnaturaldefencemechanismstoprotectitfromdisease.人体具有先天的疾病防护机制。③辩护；辩解：Ihavetosayinherdefencethatsheknewnothingaboutitbeforehand.我得为她说句话，她之前对此事一无所知。④(体育运动中的)后卫；防守队员[小试牛刀]根据句意写出画线部分的汉语意思。1.Thelawyerproducedacleverdefenceofhisclient(客户)._______2.Agooddiethelpsbuildthebody’snaturaldefences._____________3.Thetownwallswerebuiltasadefenceagainstenemyattacks. _____________4.WhatwasespeciallyimportantforTim’ssuccessfuldefenseinthefootballgame?(2015天津) _____________5.MrGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16yearoldboy,sayingthathewasnottheonetoblame. ______________Surroundv.①包围；环绕；围困：[搭配]besurroundedwith/by被...包围；围绕Tosome,happinessisbeingsurroundedbyfamilyandfriends.对一些人来说，幸福就是一直有家人和朋友陪伴在身边。Surroundyourselfwithupliftingindividualswhochallengeyoutobebetter.（2016浙江）要和积极向上的人在一起，他们会激励你做得更好。②与……紧密相关：someissuessurroundingalcoholabuse.有关酗酒的一些问题派生词：►surrounding adj[只用于名词前]周围的(nearby)：thesurroundingenvironment周围环境►surroundings n[用复数]周围的事物；环境everythingthatisnearoraroundyou(environment)：Atfirstmynewsurroundingsweredifficulttotolerate.起初，我很难忍受新环境TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmericawherealllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulcoexistencewithitssurroundings.2023（全国） 曾经在美国的中心有一个城镇，在那里所有的生命似乎都很享受和周围环境和谐共处。[小试牛刀]一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Somelightshowershavebeenforecastsincelastmonth,butallofthemhavebeeneffectivein____________(surround)areas.2.Iwalkinthedoorandseeabrownsofa______________(surround)alowglasstopwoodentable.3.WhenIheadedtowardthecenter,Ifoundmyself___________(surround)bybuildingsthatmirrorthebestpalacesofEurope.4.BillGateshashistoricallysurroundedhimself______________smartpeople,andhe’sfamouslythirstyforknowledge.二、根据所给提示，翻译下列句子。1.湖边树木环绕。(被动句)__________________________________________________________________________2.我很快适应了新的环境。____________________________________________________________________________3.要和积极向上的人在一起，他们会激励你做得更好。(2016浙江)(who引导的定语从句)______________________________________________________________________________________________________Achievementn.达成；完成Seeingthelinesoftreeswehadplanted,weallhadasenseofachievement.看到亲手种下的这一排排树，我们大家都有一种成就感。Itisonlytheachievementofthesegoalsthatwillfinallybringlastingpeace.只有达成这些目标才能最终带来持久的和平。成就；功绩；成绩greatscientificachievements伟大的科学成就Hewasawardedaprizeforhisachievementsinphysics.他因在物理学上的伟大成就而获奖。►achievev.①(凭借努力)达到(目标、标准)achievesuccess/progress取得成功/进步Happinessisachievedthroughhardwork.快乐是通过辛勤劳动获得的。Iusedtotryeffectivemethodstoachievemyacademicgoals.(2014江西)我过去常常尝试高效的方法来达到学业目标。②完成Noonecanachieveanythingwithouteffort.没有人能够不付出努力就完成任何事。Heachievedwhathehadthoughtimpossible.他完成了他曾经以为不可能的事情。③获得成功Heisanexcellentlawyerwithagoodbrainandadeterminationtoachieve.他是一名优秀的律师，拥有获得成功的头脑和决心。►achievableadj可达到的；可获得的[小试牛刀]根据所给汉语，完成下列句子。1.We_________________________(取得了优异的成绩)inthefinalexams.

2.LiHuaeventually__________________________(实现了自己的梦想）ofgoingtoPekingUniversity.3.爸爸妈妈对我取得的成就感到骄傲。_____________________________________________________________Battle■n.①战役；战斗：fight/win/loseabattle打仗/打胜仗/打败仗NapoleonwasdefeatedattheBattleofWaterloo.拿破仑在滑铁卢战役中被打败了。②斗争；较量：alongrunninglegalbattle一场旷日持久的法律争讼Agoodbeginningishalfthebattle.好的开端就是成功的一半Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself.（2018北京）我意识到跑步是一场与自己的较量。fightalosingbattle打一场无望取胜的仗■vt.&vi(与……)斗争；(与……)战斗：battlefor为...斗争Theybattledwith/againstthewindsandwaves.他们与风浪搏斗Howdidourancestorsbattlenaturewiththebasictoolstheyhad?我们的祖先是如何用他们的简单工具与大自然进行抗争的？[词汇拓展]battlefieldn.战场；冲突地区/领域[小试牛刀]根据所给汉语及提示，完成下列句子。1.They______________________(与……搏斗)thewindandtheraintogethere.2.They__________________(长期作战)againstprejudice(偏见).3.Irealizedrunningwas________________________(与自己的较量),notaboutpetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.4.Myfather_____________________(与……斗争)cancerformanymonths.Charge■n.①主管；负责[搭配]inchargeof负责CouldIspeaktowhoeverisinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?我能同国际销售部的负责人谈谈吗？inthechargeof由...负责Thisprojectisinthechargeofme.这个项目由我负责。in/undersb’scharge由...负责Thefileswereleftinyourcharge.这些文件由你负责处理takechargeof掌管；接管；负责Tobeeasuccessfulperson,wemustbeabletotakechargeofourselves.要成为一个成功的人，我们必须能够掌控自己。②费用；价钱：anadmissionchargeof$5五美元的入场费Deliveryisfreeofcharge.免费送货③指控；罪名：Shewasarrestedonthechargeoftheft.她因被指控偷盗而被捕。Policedroppedthechargesagainsthim警察放弃了对他的起诉。④电荷；电量：oncharge充电中 Apositive/negativecharge正/负电荷■v.①vt&vi(向……)收费；开价：[搭配]charge(sb/sth)forsth因...向某人/物收费ThedisadvantageofthehotelisthatitchargesforWiFi.（2021新高考改）这个酒店的缺点是WiFi要收费。Therestaurantonlychargedme$40(forwine).这个餐馆仅收了我40美元（酒水钱）②vt指控；控告：[搭配]chargesbwith(doing)sth控告某人（做）某事Sheischargedwithmurderingherhusband.她被指控谋害其夫。③vt&vi(给……)充电：Weneedtogetourcarbatterycharged.我们得给汽车的蓄电池充电。►chargern.充电器④vi&vt(向……)冲；进攻：Whenlionsarehidingforanattackbyawaterhole,theywaitpatientlyandcanchargeatanysecond.当狮子隐藏在水坑边上准备攻击时，它们耐心等待，随时都会发起攻击。[小试牛刀]一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.Iwonderifthere’saservicecharge________ourmeal.2.Theywantedtocharge$5,000_________thecar,butwemanagedtobringthepricedown.3.We’vehadadiscussionaboutwhetheranentrancefeeshould____________(charge)forparks.二、根据所给提示完成下列句子。1.Wealsohaveaswimmingpool,whichisopenalldayand__________(免费的).2.Iwasappointedto__________________________________(负责)arrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday.(天津书面表达)Announceadj.宣告；宣布：Pleaseremainseated;thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.请做好，马上公布获奖者。MrWhiteannouncedthathewouldgotoChinainFebruary.怀特先生宣布他将在二月份去中国。(尤指在机场或火车站)广播通知：Thepilotannouncedwithapologythattherewouldbeaslightdelaybeforesettingdown.飞行员抱歉地通知，飞机会晚一点着陆。宣布……的到来/出席：Wouldyouannouncetheguestsastheyein?客人来时请通报他们的姓名好吗？派生词：►announcern.(电视台/电台的)播音员；(机场或车站的)广播员►announcementn.通告；布告；宣布；宣告： makeanannouncement宣布通告IreadtheannouncementofthesummercampthatyouhavepostedontheInternetandIaminterestedinit.（2012全国书面表达）我阅读了你们在网上发布的夏令营布告，并对此很感兴趣。[小试牛刀]一、空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.Aftergraduatingfromuniversityin1932,Reagangotajobasaradiosports___________(announce).2.The_______________(announce)wasgreetedenthusiastically.二、根据所给汉语完成下列句子。1.Silence,please.MrWhteisaboutto_______________________(宣布通知).2.Hesaidtheluckywoman____________________________(将在网上公布)andthetripwillbesharedonline.(2017全国)Amount■n.数量；数额；总数：[搭配]theamountof...的数量Aamountof/amountsof大量的...（后接不可数名词）（课文）WefoundourselvesverysurprisedbythelargenumberofvisitorsandtheamountofnoiseattheentranceoftheNationalGallery.我们对发现国家美术馆入口处那么多的参观者和那么大的嗓音跟到非常惊讶Alittlebitofkindnesswillberewardedwithahugeamountofbenefit.滴水之恩当涌泉相报。★注意：amountsof/alarge(huge/small)amountof尤与不可数名词连用。作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与amount的数保持一致。Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonbuildingthebridge.大量的资金用到了这座桥的建造上。There’sonlyasmallamountoffood.只有一点儿食物。■viamountto①达到(某数量)；合计：Atthestartofthisyear,foreignerslivinginItalyamountedto4.56million.（2017浙江）今年年初，居住在意大利的外国人数量达到了456万。Itwastiringwork,butIlookedforwardtothepay,eventhoughIwasn’tsurehowmuchitwouldamountto.（2021浙江读后续写）这份工作很无聊，但是我盼望工资，即使我不知道总共会有多少。②相当于；等于；意味着：Keepingwhatbelongstoanotheramountstostealing.占有别人的东西就相当于偷窃。[小试牛刀]根据所给汉语及提示，完成下列句子。1.Iwassurprisedat____________________(工作量)Ihadtodo.2.Ispent____________________(大量的时间)preparingfortheexam.Approach■v.①vt&vi(距离上)靠近(near)；(时间上)临近；(数量上)接近Itwashardtoapproachthepaintingasthereweresomanypeoplearound.周围人太多，很难靠近那幅画。AsTeachers’Daywasapproaching,ourclassdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantday.（陕西书面表达）教师节日益临近，我们班决定举行聚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。Thepopulationofourprovinceisnowapproaching74million.我省人口现已接近七千四百万。②vt与……接洽Thestaffsoonfoundthenewmanagereasytoapproach.员工很快发现这位新经理平易近人。Thestudentsapproachtheirteacherforadvice.学生们找到老师寻求建议。③vt处理What’sthebestwayofapproachingthisproblem/matter/task?处理这个问题/事情/任务的最佳方法是什么？■n.①靠近；接近：theapproachofautumn秋天的来临Thestudentsstoppedtalkingattheteacher’sapproach.老师一走进，学生们就不说话了。②通道；道路Allapproachestothetownwereblocked.所有去城里的路都被堵住了③(处理……的)方法；(达到……的)途径Shedecidedtoadopt/takeadifferentapproachtotheproblem.她决定采取不同的方法解决这个问题。Thejobmarkethaschangedandourapproachtofindingworkmustchangeaswell.就业市场变了，我们找工作的方法也须改变。[小试牛刀]根据所给汉语用approach完成句子。1.I’dliketotalkabout___________________________(处理困难的方法)inlearning.2.Thereweredifferencesin_________________________________________(他们教育孩子的方法).3.Iexpect___________________________(秋天的来临).4.Thereisa__________________________(去市里的新路).Position■n①位置；方位；(恰当或正确的)位置：Thepositionenabledustolookoverthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground.（2023全国）这个位置使我们能够仔细欣赏日落时的湖面。Theorchestrawereallinposition,waitingfortheconductor.管弦乐队都已各就各位，等待指挥。②姿势；(物体所指的)方向：Lieinafortableposition.以一种舒适的姿势躺下Keeptheboxinanuprightposition.把盒子竖着放③地位；身份：Thesocialpositionofeachcharacterinfluencesthewaytheybehavetoeachother.每个人的社会地位影响他们对待彼此的方式。④[正式用语]职位；职务ajob(post)：HeisthinkingofapplyingforthepositionofChiefEditor.他正在考虑申请主编的位置⑤(比赛中的)名次：Shefinishedtheraceinthirdposition.他在比赛中得了第三名。⑥[常用单数]处境；状况Whatwouldyoudoifinmyposition?如果处于我这种状况你会怎么办？⑦[常与on连用]立场；观点；态度(attitude)Youneedtotakeapositiononthisissue.你需要对这个问题发表观点。Ihopeyou’llreconsideryourposition.我希望你能重新考虑你的立场。■vt放置；安放；使处于(place)：Ipositionedmyselftotakethebestphotooftheseaview.（2017天津改）我站好位置以便拍到最好的海景照片。[小试牛刀]写出下列句子中position的汉语释义。ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositions.(2019全国) ______________2.Ididn’tefromafamilywithwealthorposition,butIdidmanagetogetamaster’sdegreeinfinearts. ______________3.Sorry,DoctorWhiteisoutoftownandI’mnotinthepositiontogiveoutthatkindofinformation.______________Eageradj渴望的；热切的(keen)：Hisclasseswerecrowdedwitheagerstudents.她的课堂上挤满了求知若渴的学生。①(be)eagertodosth.渴望做某事Moststudentsareeagertotrysomethingnew.大多数学生都渴望尝试新事物。②(be)eagerforsth.渴望得到...Heiseagerforsuccess.他渴望成功。(be)eagerin(doing)sth.热衷于...SheiseagerinlearningEnglish.她热衷于学习英语。►eagerlyadv渴望地；热切地►eagernessn渴望；热切[小试牛刀]在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.We___________(eager)lookedforwardtothedaywewouldleaveschool.2.Katewasinahurrytogrowup,eager__________knowledgeandexperience.3.Asshewasleavingshewaseager_______(say)goodbyetoeachofusinthenursingteam.(2021全国)4.Iwasn’tabletohidemy____________(eager)whenIasked,“Whatdoyouwishmetodonow?”(2015湖南)Roll■n①卷；卷轴；卷/筒状物：atoiletroll(BrE)/arolloftoiletpaper一卷卫生纸 arolloffilm一卷胶卷②（正式的）名册；名单：arollcall点名 thehonorroll/therollofhonor光荣榜Thereare620childrenontheschoolroll.学校的光荣榜上有620名学生。Theteachercalled/tooktherolltoseeifanystudentswereabsent.老师点名看是否有学生缺席。③卷状食品；面包卷：spring/chickenrolls春卷/鸡肉卷■vi&vt①（使）翻滚；（使）滚动[搭配]rolleddown滚下来Theapplesfelloutofthebagandrolledeverywhere.苹果从袋子里掉了出来，滚得到处都是。Tearsslowlyrolleddownhercheeks.眼泪从她脸上慢慢地流了下来。②（使）翻身；打滚；（眼睛）转动：[搭配]rolledover翻身Whilewalking,Inoticedaponyrolloveronhisback.我正走在路上，看见一匹小马翻身打了个滚。Cassierolledhereyes.卡西翻了个白眼。③使成筒形/球形；卷：[搭配]rolledup卷起Weracedaroundthegardenandrolledabigsnowballtomakealovelysnowman. 为了对一个可爱的雪人，我们在花园里跑来跑去，滚了一个大雪球。Herolleduphissleeves.他卷起袖子。►rollingadj［只用于名词前］起伏的：（课文）rollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中。[小试牛刀]根据所给汉语，完成下列句子。1.______________________(滚下来)ahill，Ibrokemyleginmychildhood.2.She_________________________(翻身)toletthesunbrownherback.3._________________________(卷起)yoursleevesandgetreadyforhardwork.Greetvt打招呼；问候；迎接(wele)：greettheNewYear迎新年Hegreetedhisteacherbysaying“Goodmorning!”.他向老师说了句“早安！”[搭配]greetsb.with用...问候某人WheneverImether,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.每次我见到她，他都笑脸相迎。Whenitwasfirststagedin1949,theplaywasgreetedwithenthusiasticreviews.该剧在1949年首次上映时，好评如潮。►greetingn.①问候；致意；迎接：[搭配]sendgreetingstosb.向某人致以问候Theyexchangedgreetings(=greetedeachother)andsatdowntolunch.他们互相问候，然后坐下来共进午餐。Shewavedafriendlygreeting.她友好地挥手致意。Sheraisedherhandingreeting.她举起手来打招呼。②[复数]祝词；贺词；问候语：Christmas/birthdaygreetings圣诞/生日贺词Mymothersendshergreetingstoyouall.我母亲向你们大家问好。[小试牛刀]在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Itisgoodmannerstogreeteachother___________asmile.2.AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherself________(greet)byagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鹅)longingtosayhel