高考英语阅读方法：议论文

高考英语阅读方法：争论文

高考英语阅读方法：争论文

导语：阅读争论文我们要抓住论题、抓住提出的观点、给出的例证及最终得出的结论。下面就由为大家介绍高考英语阅读方法：争论文，大家一起去学习吧！

争论文的阅读方法

争论文也就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。争论文都要提出论题、观点、供应充分的证（evidence），运用肯定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。

阅读争论文我们要抓住论题、抓住提出的观点、给出的例证及最终得出的结论。抓住了论题、抓住了观点，我们就把握了中心，再结合作为论据的.诸多事例和理由之间以及它们和观点/结论之间的内在联系，我们就能理解文章的结构。因此，阅读争论文的关键是：抓论题、抓观点。

看看下面一篇例文：

（05江苏卷E段）

Thetwentiethcenturysawgreaterchangesthananycenturybeforechangesforthebetter,changesfortheworse,changesthatbroughtalotofbenefitstohumanbeings,changesthatputmanindanger.Manythingscausedthechanges,but,inmyopinion,themostimportantwastheprogressinscience.

Scientificresearchinphysicsandbiologyhasvastlybroadenedourviews.Ithasgivenusadeeperknowledgeofthestructureofmatterandoftheuniverse,ithasbroughtusabetterunderstandingofthenatureoflifeandofitscontinuousdevelopment.Technologyintheapplicationofsciencehasmadebigadvancesthathavebenefitedusinnearlyeverypartoflife.

Thecontinuationofsuchactivitiesinthetwenty-firstcenturywillresultinevengreateradvantagestohumanbeings:inpurescience—awideranddeeperknowledgeinallfieldsoflearning;inappliedscience—amorereasonablesharingofmaterialbenefits,andbetterprotectionoftheenvironment.

Sadly,however,thereisanothersidetothepicture.Thecreativityofsciencehasbeenemployedindoingdamagetomankind．Theapplicationofscienceandtechnologytothedevelopmentandproductionofweaponsofmassdestructionhascreatedarealdangertothecontinuedexistenceofthehumanraceonthisplanet.Wehaveseenthishappeninthecaseofnuclearweapons,AlthoughtheiractualusehassofaroccurredonlyintheSecondWorldWar,thenumberofnuclearweaponsthatwereproducedandmadereadyforusewassolargethatiftheweaponshadactuallybeenused,theresultcouldhavebeentheruinofthehumanrace,aswellasofmanykindsofanimals.

WilliamShakespearesaid．“Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn（纱线）,goodandilltogether.“Theabovebriefreviewoftheapplicationofonlyonepartofhumanactivities—scienceseemstoprovewhatShakespearesaid．Butdoesithavetobeso?Musttheillalwaysgotogetherwiththegood?Arewebiologicallyprogrammedforwar?

解析：在第一段提出论题：Theprogressinsciencecausedthechangesinthetwentiethcentury.接下来，其次、三段提出论据：Theprogressinsciencehasbroughtusadvantagesandthecontinuationoftheprogresswillsurelyresultinevengreateradvantages.第四段从另一方面提出论据：Thecreativityofsciencehasbeenemployedindoingdamagetomankind．再接下来，按行文结构应当作出结论，但在第五段并没有干脆说出不言自明的结论（Weshouldseparatethegoodfromtheill.），而是用了几个问句：Butdoesithavetobeso?Musttheillalwaysgotogetherwiththegood?Arewebiologicallyprogrammedforwar?这样可引起读者对结论的深化思索，引起读者的重视。

看看下面的理解题：

72．Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?

73．Fromthefourthparagraph,wecaninferthat.

A．agreatmanynuclearweaponswereactuallyusedforwar

B．alargenumberofnuclearweaponsshouldhavebeenusedforwar

C．theauthorisdoubtfulabouttheruinofhumanbeingsbynuclearweapons

D．theauthorisanxiousaboutthehugenumberofnuclearweaponsontheearth

74．Theunderlinedword“mingled”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.

A．simpleB．mixedC．sadD．happy

75．Whatdoyouthinktheauthorismostlikelytosuggestifhecontinuestowrite?

A．Furtherapplicationofsciencetowar.

B．MorereadingofWilliamShakespeare.

C．Properuseofscienceinthenewcentury.

D．Effectivewaystoseparatethegoodfromtheill.

（参考答案：ADBD）

（05北京卷C篇）

Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments－mostlyforentertainmentpurposes－isfairandrespectful?

Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats(栖息地).Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.

Zoosclaim(声称)toeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies(物种),butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals’naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies’name,diet,andnaturalrange(分布区).Theanimals’normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon’tusuallytakecareoftheanimals’naturalneeds.

Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.Thisresultsinunusuallyandself-destructivebehaviorcalledzoochosis.Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthatzoochosisiscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.

Furthermore,mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered．Captivebreeding(圈养繁殖)ofendangeredbigcats.Asianelephants,andotherspecieshasnotresultedintheirbeingsentbacktothewilD．Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout.Infact,babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers.Haven’tweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?

Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals’naturalhabitats.

64．Howwouldtheauthordescribetheanimals’lifeinzoos?

A．Dangerous.B．Unhappy.C．Natural.D．Easy.

65．Inthestateofzoochosis,animals_________.

A．remainincagesB．behavestrangely

C．attackotheranimalsD．enjoymovingaround

66．Whatdoestheauthortrytoargueinthepassage?

A．Zoosarenotworththepublicsupport.

B．Zoosfailintheirattempttosaveanimals.

C．Zoosshouldtreatanimalsashumanbeings.

D．Zoosuseanimalsasameansofentertainment.

67．Theauthortriestopersuadereaderstoaccepthisargumentmainlyby_________.

A．pointingoutthefaultsinwhatzoosdo

B．usingevidencehehascollectedatzoos

C．questioningthewayanimalsareprotected

D．discussingtheadvantagesofnaturalhabitats

68．Althoughhearguesagainstzoos,theauthorwouldstillagreethat__________.

A．zooshavetokeepanimalsinsmallcages

B．mostanimalsinzoosareendangeredspecies

C．someendangeredanimalsarereproducedinzoos

D．it’sacceptabletokeepanimalsawayfromtheirhabitats

（04上海卷C篇）

Weareallinterestedinequality,butwhilesomepeopletrytoprotecttheschoolandexaminationsysteminthenameofequality,other,stillinthenameofequality,wantonlytodestroyit.

Anysocietywhichisinterestedinequalityofopportunityandstandardsofachievementmustregularlytestitspupils.Thestandardsmaybechanged—noexaminationisperfect—buttohavetotestsorexaminationswouldmeantheendofequalityandofstandards.Therearegroupsofpeoplewhoopposethisviewandwhodonotbelieveeitherinexaminationsorinanycontrolsinschooloronteachers.Thiswouldmeanthateverythingwoulddependonlucksinceeverypupilwoulddependontheefficiency,thevaluesandthepurposeofeachteacher.

Withoutexaminations,employerswilllookforemployeesfromthehighlyrespectedschoolsandfromfamiliesknowntothem—aformoffavouritismwillreplaceequality.Atthemoment,thebrightchildfromanill—respectedschoolcanshowcertificatestoproveheorsheissuitableforajob,whilethelakeofcertificateindicatestheunsuitabilityofadullchildattendingawell—respectedschool.Thisdefendofexcellenceandopportunitywoulddisappearifexaminationsweretakenaway,andthebrightchildformapoorfamilywouldbeaprisonerofhisorherschool’sreputation,unabletocompeteforemploymentwiththechildfromthefavouredschool.

Theopponentsoftheexaminationsystemsuggestthatexaminationsareanevilforcebecausetheyshowdifferencesbetweenpupils.Accordingtothesepeople,theremustbenospecial,different,academicclass.Theyhaveevensuggestedthatthereshouldbenoformofdifferenceinsportoranyotherarea:alljobsorpostsshouldbefilledbyunsystematicselection.Theselectionwouldbemadebypeoplewhothemselvesareprobablyselectedbysomecomputer.

82．Theword“favouritism”inparagraph3isusedtodescribethephenomenonthat________.

A．brightchildrenalsoneedcertificatesgogetsatisfyingjobs.

B．childrenfromwell—respectedschoolstendtohavegoodjob