PEP小学英语语法及词汇表

字母的大写（1）英语中句子首字母要大写。（2）人名中的名和姓的首字母要大写。（3）国名、城市名的首字母要大写。（4）语言及民族的首字母要大写。（5）职务或称呼的首字母要大写。（6）专有名词的首字母要大写。（7）表示我的字母“I”无论在什么情况下都要大写。人称代词和物主代词

1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。

2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。五:人称代词与物主代词

一、人称代词人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit

二、物主代词

数

人称

类别单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs汉语我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他（她、它）们的（八）完全、缩略形式:I’m=Iamhe’s=heisshe’s=sheisthey’re=theyareyou’re=youarethere’s=thereisthey’re=theyarecan’t=cannotdon’t=donotdoesn’t=doesnotisn’t=isnotaren’t=arenotlet’s=letuswon’t=willnotI’ll=Iwillwasn’t=wasnot总结：通常情况下，'m即am，'s即is（但let’s=letus），'re即are，n't即not（但can’t=cannot）(九)近义词或同义词同义词是指意思相同或相近的词，有时候可以互相换用，以避免重复。byplane----takeaplanebyship----takeashipbybike---rideabikebytrain---takeatrainbysubway----takeasubwayafterclass----afterschoolusually----oftennear----nexttobookstore----bookshopfind---lookforgostraight----godowntake----bysour----tarttonight----thiseveningwant----begoingtomust----havetobeautiful---prettydraw---painttell---saylittle----smallbig---largetall----highwear---putoneach----everysick----illbetween----amongwatch----look,seewish----hopebegin----startlearn----studyshop----storegift----presentdear----expensivebike----bicyclespeak---talklove----likeeatbreakfast----havebreakfasteatlunch----haveluncheatdinner----havedinnerplaysports----dosportstoo----eitherwhataboutyou?----howaboutyou?----andyou?climbmountains----dosomeclimbingreadsomebooks----dosomereadinggoshopping----dosomeshoppinggohiking----dosomehikingontheweekend----attheweekendfall----autumn（十）反义词或对应词反义词是指单词的意思相反，如：big—small,long—short.对应词是指单词的意思相对,如man—woman,teacher—student，同学们要注意区分。I–youmy—youryour—my/ourgood—badmorning—afternoonthis—thatus—youwhite—blackboy—girlteacher—studentcome—gowe—youfather—mothershe—hebig—smallopen—closeright—left/wrongyes—nonight—dayquiet—activein—outhere—therelong—shorttall—shortgetup—gotobedthese—thosewarm—coolcold—hotrainy—sunnynew—oldexpensive—cheapyoung—oldkind—strictstrong—thinold—new/youngthin—strong/fatactive—quietinfrontof—behindvillage—cityusually—sometimessummer—winteralways—neverup—downwhy—becausebrother—sisterkey—lockwakeup—sleepalways----neverusually----sometimesoften----sometimesnear----farfast----sloweasy----hardgeton----getoffeast----westnorth----southleft----rightwrong----rightoutside----insidebusy----freebuy----selllearn----teachwith----withoutactor----actresspoliceman----policewomantaller----shorterstronger----thinnerolder----youngerlittle----bigbigger----smallerhead----tailheavy----lightlonger----shorterhappy----unhappysad----happylast----firstbelow----abovesame----differentsomebody----nobodyforwards----backwardsafter----beforestop----goonsit----stand（十一）同音词。在英语中，有一部分的单词的读音相同，但意义却有着很大的不同。如：see看见sea海mouse老鼠mouth嘴write写right正确where哪里wear穿four四for为，给two二too也，太to为pear梨pair一对I我eye眼睛no不，不是know知道meat肉meet遇见bye再见by坐，乘buy买son儿子sun太阳it’s它的its它的there那儿，那里their他们的dear亲爱的deer小鹿（十二）与所给字母同音的单词。在英语中，有些单词的读音与某个字母的读音相同。如：B――bee蜜蜂C――sea大海see看见I—eye眼睛K—key钥匙O――oh哦R—are是T—tea茶Y――why为什么（一）学生易错词汇1.a,an的选择:元音字母开头的单词用an，辅音字母开头的单词用a.2.am,is,are的选择:单数用is,复数用are.I用am,you用are.3.have,has的选择:表示某人有某物。单数用has,复数用have.I,you用have.4.thereis,thereare的选择:表示某地有某物，某人。单数用thereis,复数用thereare.5.some,any的选择:肯定句用some,疑问句和否定句用any.6.疑问词的选择:what(什么)who(谁)where(哪里)whose(谁的)why（为什么）when(什么时候）which（哪一个）howold(多大)howmany（多少）howmuch（多少钱）（二）名词1、掌握名词变复数的变化规则（1）多数名词变复数时直接在词尾加s。如book--boos（2）以s,sh,x,ch结尾的名词，一般加es。如：watch—watches（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i，再加es。如family—families（4）以f,fe结尾的名词，大多数情况下一般将f,fe变为v,再加es。如leaf—leaves.但也有例外，有些以f结尾的名词，在构成复数时只加s。如gulf—gulfs.（5）以字母o结尾的名词变复数，一般说来，有生命的加es，没有生命的加s。如piano—pianosphoto—photosradio—radiostomato—tomatoespotato—potatoes2、不规则名词的复数要单独记忆。fish--fishfoot--feetsheep--sheepit--theyI--weme—ushe--theymy--ouryou--youyour—yourman--mengoose--geesedeer--deerwoman--womentooth—teethI–wemy—ouryou—youyour—yourit—theyhe—theyshe—theyhis—theirher—theirits—theirhim—themher—them（三）动词1、现在分词的变化规则（1）一般直接在动词的词尾加ing.如pick—picking（2）以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去年e，再加ing.如bite—biting.（3）以一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节词，且它的前面是一个短元音，一般应该先双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ing.如dig—digging.swim—swimming3、动词第三人称单数的变化规则（1）一般直接在动词词尾加s.如run—runs（2）以s,x,o,sh,ch结尾的动词，加es。如brush—brushes（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i再加eses.如fly—flies.（4）个别不规则变化单词，需要单独记忆。如do—does.PEP三年级下册至六年级下册词汇分类表词汇不完全归类表（三年级上册-----六年级下册）一．学习用品（schoolthings）钢笔pen铅笔pencil铅笔盒pencil-case尺子ruler书book书schoolbag漫画书comicbook明信片postcard报纸newspaper包bag橡皮eraser蜡笔crayon卷笔刀sharpener故事书story-book笔记本notebook语文书Chinesebook英语书Englishbook数学书mathbook杂志magazine词典dictionary二．人体（body）脚foot头head脸face头发hair鼻子nose嘴mouth眼睛eye耳朵ear手臂arm手hand手指hand腿leg尾巴tail身体body三．颜色（colours）红red蓝blue黄yellow绿green白white黑black粉红pink紫purple橙orange棕brown灰grey四．动物（animals）猫cat狗dog猪pig鸭duck兔rabbit马horse大象elephant蚂蚁ant鱼fish鸟bird鹰eagle鹿deer海狸beaver蛇snake老鼠mouse松鼠squirrel熊bear袋鼠kangaroo猴monkey熊猫panda狮子lion老虎tiger狐狸fox斑马zebra长颈鹿giraffe鹅goose母鸡hen火鸡turkay小羊lamb绵羊sheep山羊goat奶牛cow驴donkey鱿鱼squid龙虾lobster鲨鱼shark海豹seal抹香鲸spermwhale虎鲸killerwhale五．人物（people）朋友friend男孩boy女孩girl母亲mother父亲father姐妹sister兄弟brother叔叔；舅舅uncle男人man女人woman先生Mr小姐Miss女士lady妈妈mom爸爸dad父母parents（外）祖母grandma/grandmother（外）祖父grandpa/grandfather姑姑aunt儿子son婴儿baby堂（表）兄弟；堂（表）姐妹cousin小孩kid同学classmate女王queen参观者visitor邻居neighbour校长principal大学生universitystudent笔友penpal旅行者tourist人物people机器人robot六．职业（jobs）教师teacher学生student医生doctor护士nurse司机driver农民farmer歌唱家singer作家writer男演员actor女演员actress画家artist电视台记者TVreporter工程师engineer会计accountant（男）警察policeman销售员salesperson清洁工cleaner棒球运动员baseballplayer售货员assistant（女）警察policewoman七．食品、饮料（foodanddrink）米饭rice面包bread牛肉beef牛奶milk水water蛋egg鱼fish豆腐tofu蛋糕cake热狗hotdog汉堡包hamburger炸薯条Frenchfries曲奇cookie饼干biscuit果酱jam面条noodle肉meat鸡肉chicken猪肉pork羊肉mutton蔬菜vegetable沙拉salad汤soup冰ice冰激凌ice-cream可乐Coke果汁juice茶tea咖啡coffee早餐breakfast午餐lunch晚餐dinner八．水果、蔬菜（fruitandvegetable）苹果apple香蕉banana梨pear橙orange西瓜watermelon葡萄grape茄子eggplant胡萝卜carrot青豆greenbeans西红柿tomato土豆potato桃peach草莓strawberry黄瓜cucumber洋葱onion卷心菜cabbage九．衣服（clothes）夹克衫jacket衬衣shirtT恤衫T-shirt短裙子skirt连衣裙dress牛仔裤jeans长裤pants袜子socks鞋子shoes毛衣sweater上衣coat雨衣raincoat短裤shorts网球鞋sneakers拖鞋slippers凉鞋sandals靴子boots（有沿的）帽子hat便帽cap太阳镜sunglasses领带tie围巾scarf手套gloves十．交通工具（vehicles）自行车bike公共汽车bus火车train小船boat轮船ship快艇yacht小汽车car出租车taxi吉普车jeep小货车；面包车van飞机plane地铁subway摩托车motorcycle十一.杂物（otherthings）窗户window门door课桌desk椅子chair床bed计算机computer写字板board风扇fan灯light讲台teacher’sdesk图画;照片picture墙壁wall地板floor窗帘curtain垃圾箱trashbin壁橱closet镜子mirror床头柜endtable足球football礼物present随身听walkman台灯lamp电话phone沙发sofa书架shelf冰箱fridge桌子table空调air-conditioner电视TV钥匙key锁lock照片photo图表chart盘子plate刀knife叉fork勺子spoon筷子chopsticks锅pot礼物gift玩具toy洋娃娃doll球ball气球balloon风筝kite拼图游戏jigsawpuzzle盒子box伞umbrella拉链zipper小提琴violin溜溜球yo-yo鸟窝nest洞hole管子tube牙刷toothbrush菜单menu电子卡片e-card电子邮件e-mail交通灯trafficlight钱money药medicine十二。地点（locations）家home房间room卧室bedroom卫生间bathroom起居室livingroom厨房kitchen教室classroom学校school公园park图书馆library邮局postoffice医院hospital电影院cinema书店bookstore农场farm动物园zoo花园garden书房study操场playground食堂canteen教师办公室teacher’soffice图书馆library体育馆gym卫生间washroom绘画教室artroom计算机教室computerroom音乐教室musicroom电视机房TVroom公寓flat公司company工厂factory水果摊fruitstand宠物商店petshop自然公园park主题公园themepark科学博物馆sciencemuseum长城theGreatWall超市supermarket银行bank国家country乡村village城市city十三。课程（classes）体育运动sports科学science思想品德课MoralEducation社会课SocialStudies语文Chinese数学math音乐music体育P.E.英语English计算机课computer十四。国家、城市（countriesandcities）中国China/PRC美国America/USA联合王国UK英国England加拿大Canada/CAN澳大利亚Australia纽约NewYork伦敦London悉尼Sydney莫斯科Moscow开罗Cairo十五。气象(weather)寒冷的cold温暖的warm凉爽的cool下雪的snowy晴朗的sunny炎热的hot下雨的rainy有风的windy多云的cloudy天气预报weatherreport十六.景物(nature)河流river湖泊lake河;溪stream森林forest小道path公路road房子house桥bridge建筑物building雨rain云cloud太阳sun山mountain天空sky彩虹rainbow风wind空气air十七.植物(plants)花flower草grass树tree种子seed苗sprout植物plant玫瑰rose叶子leaf十八.星期(week)星期一Monday星期二Tuesday星期三Wednesday星期四Thursday星期五Friday星期六Saturday星期日Sunday周末weekend十九.月份(months)January(Jan.)一月份February(Feb.)二月份March(Mar.)三月份April四月份May五月份June六月份July七月份Auguest(Aug.)八月份Septemper(Sept.)九月份October(Oct.)十月份November(Nov.)十一月December(Dec.)十二月二十.季节(seasons)春spring夏summer秋fall冬winter二十一.方位(directions)南south北north东east西west左边left右边right二十二.患病(illness)发烧haveafever疼痛hurt感冒haveacold牙疼haveatoothache头疼haveaheadache喉咙疼haveasorethroat二十三.数词(numbers);zero;O1one2two3three4four5five6six7seven8eight9nine10ten11eleven12twelve13thirteen14fourteen15fifteen16sixteen17seventeen18eighteen19nineteen20twenty21twenty-one22twenty-two23twenty-three30thirty32thirty-two40forty50fifty60sixty70seventy80eighty90ninety100onehundredfirst(1st)第一second(2nd)第二third(3rd)第三fourth(4th)第四fifth(5th)第五sixth(6th)第六seventh(7th)第七eighth(8th)第八ninth(9th)第九tenth(10th)第十eleventh(11th)第十一twelfth(12th)第十二thirteenth(13th第十三fourteenth(14th第十四fifteenth(15th)第十五sixteenth(16th第十六seventeenth(17th)第十七eighteenth(18th)第十八nineteenth(19th)第十九twentieth(20th)第二十thirtieth(30th)第三十fortieth(40th)第四十fiftieth(50th)第五十sixtieth(60th)第六十seventieth(70th)第七十eightieth(80th)第八十ninetieth(90th)第九十thirty-first(31th)第三十一sixty-second(62nd)第六十二eighty-seventh(87th)第八十七ninety-eighth(98th)第九十八二十四.形容词.(adj.)大的big小的small长的long高的tall短的;矮的short年轻的young旧的;老的old健壮的strong瘦的thin积极活跃的active安静的quite好看的nice和蔼亲切的kind严格的strict聪明的clever滑稽可笑的funny好吃的tasty甜的sweet咸的salty酸的sour新鲜的fresh最喜爱的favourite干净的clean疲劳的tired兴奋的excited生气的angry高兴的happy无聊的bored忧愁的sad更高的taller更矮的shorter更强壮的stronger年老的older更年轻的younger更大的bigger更重的heavier更长的longer更瘦的thinner更小的smaller好的good好的fine很好的great重的heavy新的new胖的fat快乐的happy对的right饥饿的hungry逗人喜爱的cute小的little可爱的lovely漂亮的beautiful色彩鲜艳的colourful漂亮的pretty便宜的cheap昂贵的expensive多汁的juicy嫩的tender健康的healthy有病的ill有帮助的helpful高的high简单的easy骄傲的proud有病的sick更好的better更高的higher二十五.介词(prep.)在…里in在…上;在…时候on在…下面under在…的旁边near在…后边behind与…相邻nextto在…上面over在…前面infrontof二十六.代词(pron.)我I我们we你;你们you他he她she它it他(她,它)们they我的my我们的our你的;你们的your他的his她的her二十七.动词(v.)玩;踢play游泳swim滑冰skate飞fly跳jump走walk跑run爬climb打架fight荡swing吃eat睡觉sleep像;喜欢like有;吃have转弯turn买buy买;带take居住live教teach去go学习study学习learn唱歌sing跳舞dance划row做作业dohomework看电视watchTV读书books做饭cookthemeals浇花waterthefolwers扫地sweepthefloor打扫卧室cleanthebedroom铺床makethebed摆饭桌setthetable洗衣服washtheclothes洗碗碟dothedishes使用计算机useacomputer晨练;做广播操domorningexercises吃早饭eatbreakfast吃晚饭eatdinner上学gotoschool上英语课haveEnglishclass进行体育运动playsports起床getup爬山climbmountains买东西goshopping弹钢琴playthepiano看望(外)祖父母visitgrandparents去远足gohiking放风筝flykites堆雪人makeasnowman植树planttrees画画drswpictures做晚饭cookdinner看书readabook接电话answerthephone听音乐listentomusic打扫房间cleantheroom写信writealetter写电子邮件writeane-mail喝水drinkwater照相takepictures观察昆虫watchinsects集邮collectstamps见面meet欢迎welcome谢谢thank爱love工作work喝drink尝taste闻smell喂养feed剪shear挤奶milk看look猜guess帮助help传递pass展示show使用use打扫clean打开open关上close放put读read写write绘画paint告诉tell踢kick反弹bounce骑ride停stop等wait寻找find驾驶drive折fold寄send洗wash照耀shine变成become感觉到feel思考think遇见meet落下fall离开leave醒来wakeup穿上puton脱掉takeoff挂起hangup穿wear回家gohome上床睡觉gotobed玩电脑游戏playcomputers下棋playchess做家务dohousework倒垃圾emptythetrash收拾衣服putawaytheclothes下车getoff去旅行takeatrip阅读杂志readamagazine去看电影gotothecinema再给你个句子[一]tobe句型：用于介绍个人情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、家庭成员、朋友、职业等，描述地点、颜色、四季、日期、星期几等，该句型广泛分布于各册教材中，其中5——8册的句型主要有：1.Who’syourEnglishteacher?Mr.Carter.2.What’shelike?He’stallandstrong.3.Isshequiet?No,sheisn’t.Sheisveryactive.4.Isshestrict?Yes,sheis,butshe’sverykind.5.Whatdayisittoday?It’sWednesday.6.What’syourfavouritefruit/food…?7.They’resweet/sour/salty/healthy/…8.Whenisyourbirthday?It’sinMay.9.MybirthdayisinJune.UncleBill’sbirthdayisinJune,too.10.IsherbirthdayinJune?Yes,itis.11.What’sthedate?12.ThisisZhangPeng.13.Whereisthecinema,please?It’snexttothehospital.14.Howtallareyou？I’m164cmtall.15.Youareshorterthanme.16.You’re4cmtallerthanme.17.Howheavyareyou?I’m48kg.18.I’mthinnerthanyou,andshorter.19.What’sthematterwithyou?Mythroatissore.20.Howareyou,LiuYun/Sarah?[二]therebe句型：表示存在，即：“某处有某物”或“某时有某事”。句型基本结构为：Thereis+可数名词单数或不可数名词+时间或地点。Thereare+可数名词复数+地点。该句型主要分布在第5册的Unit5和Unit6中，如：1.Therearetwobedrooms,akitchen,abathroomandalivingroom.2.Thereisamirror,abedandabigcloset.3.Isthereaforestinthepark?Yes,thereis.4.Isthereariver?No,thereisn’t.5.Arethereanypandasinthemountains?No,therearen’t.6.Arethereanyfishintherivers?Yes,thereare.[三]一般现在时句型：表示习惯性的动作或行为，或现在存在着的状况。句型基本结构为：主语+行为动词+其他。当主语是第三人称单数时，要在动词原形后面加s或es，其他人称作主语时则用动词原形，在问句及否定句中需要用助动词do或does。这种句型通常有一些标志词，如：usuallyoftensometimesneveralways等。该句型主要分布在第5册Unit2&3，第6册Unit1&2,第7册Unit4,5,6,第8册Unit2中。如：Book5:1.WhatdoyouhaveonThursdays?WehaveEnglish,mathandscienceonThursdays.2.WhatdoyoudoonSaturdays?IwatchTVonSaturdays.3.Idomyhomework.4.WhatdoyouhaveforlunchonMondays?Wehavetomatoes,tofuandfish.5.Ilikefruit.ButIdon’tlikegrapes.Book6:1.Whendoyoueatdinner?Ieatdinnerat7:00intheevening.2.Whendoyougetup?Iusuallygetupat12:00noon.3.Whatdoyoudoontheweekend?UsuallyIwatchTVandgoshopping.4.SometimesIvisitmygrandparents.Ioftenplayfootball.SometimesIgohiking.5.Whichseasondoyoulikebest?Ilikewinterbest.6.Whydoyoulikesummer/winter?Book7:1.Howdoyougotoschool,Sarah?2.UsuallyIgotoschoolonfoot.SometimesIgobybike.3.Ilikecollectingstamps.Helikescollectingstamps,too.4.Doessheteachmath?Yes,shedoes.5.DoessheteachEnglish？No,shedoesn’t.Sheteachesmath.6.Whatdoesyourmotherdo?Whatdoesyourfatherdo?7.Wheredoesshework?Sheworksinacarcompany.8.Howdoesshegotowork?Shegoestoworkbybus.9.Wheredoestheraincomefrom?Itcomesfromtheclouds.10.Wheredoesthecloudcomefrom?Itcomesfromthevapour.11.Wheredoesthevapourcomefrom?Itcomesfromthewaterintheriver.12.Thesunshinesandthewaterbecomesvapour.13.Howdoyoudothat?Book8:1.Mynosehurts.2.Howdoyoufeel?Ifeelsick.HowdoesAmyfeel?3.Youlooksohappy.Youlooksadtoday.[四]现在进行时句型：表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件，或在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况。标志词是：now也常用在Look!Listen!等后面。句型主要结构为：be动词（am,is,are）+动词现在分词(v.ing)。该句型主要分布在第6册Unit4,5,6中。如：1.Whatareyoudoing?I’mdoingthedishes.I’mreadingabook.2.Grandpaiswritingaletter.Brotherisdoinghom