人生还的多元主题分析

ChapterOneIntroductionThispaperwillfocusontheanalysisofoneofAgathaChristie’smasterpiecesAndThenThereWereNone.ThischapterbrieflyintroducestheauthorAgathaChristieherselfandthebookAndThenThereWereNone,whichhasacertainunderstandingoftheauthor’slifeandthebackgroundofthetimes,whichisconducivetothebetterdevelopmentofpaperwriting.1.1AboutAgathaChristieAgathaChristie,fromSeptember15,1890toJanuary12,1976,isaBritishfemaledetectivenovelist,playwrightandoneofthethreegreatmastersofreasoningliterature.HerrepresentativeworksincludeMurderontheOrientExpressandMassacreontheNile.In1890,AgathaChristiewasborninTorquay,Devon,England,formerlyAgathaMaryClarissaMiller.AgathaChristiewenttoParistostudyvocalmusicattheageof16,butherloveofliteraturefinallymadeherabandonthepathofsinger.In1914,duringtheFirstWorldWar,sheparticipatedintheBritishandRedCrossvolunteerteamsandengagedinrescuework.In1920,TheStrangeCaseofStilesManorwaspublished,inwhichthecharacterofdetectivePolloappearedforthefirsttime.In1930,AgathausedanewdetectiveimageinTheMurderofthePriest’sFamily,MissMaple,afemaledetectivefromtheEnglishcountryside.In1947,attheinvitationoftheBBC,theradiodramaThreeBlindMicewascreatedforQueenMary’seightiethbirthday.In1956,shereceivedthe“BritishImperialMedal”andthehonorarydoctor'sdegreeinliteraturefromtheUniversityofExeter.In1971,shewasawardedthetitleoffemaleknight.Becauseofherachievementsinwritingdetectivenovels,shewasacceptedasamemberoftheRoyalSocietyofBritishLiteratureandlaterawardedthetitleof“QueenofDetectives”bytheQueenofEngland.In1973,shefinishedwritingthestoryTheGateofDestinyofoldTommyandTabensandthenstoppedwriting.In1975,thelastnovelofPollow’sseries,TheCurtain,waspublished.OnJanuary12,1976,shediedinWarlingford,England,attheageof85.1.2IntroductiontoAnd

Then

There

Were

NoneAndThenThereWereNone(publishedin1939asTenLittleNiggers,laterchangedtoTenLittleIndians)isanovelwrittenbyEnglishmysterywriterAgathaChristieandpublishedin1939.Thenoveltellsofaserialmurderonadesertisland.AndThenThereWereNonecombinesthestorytypesbeyondcrimenovels.Forexample,thearticlehasalargedescriptionofthepsychologicalactivitiesofmanycharacters,especiallyMissBrentandVera,someofwhichareclosetothewritingmethodofstreamofconsciousnessnovels.ThenovelAndThenThereWereNoneisregardedasoneofherbestworksbyAgathaChristieherselfandmanydetectivefans,andplaysanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofdetectivenovels.Christiementionedinherautobiographythatthebookhasclear,clearandconfusingclues,canbeexplainedandreasonable,andthatsheherselfknowsbetterthancriticshowdifficultitistowritethisbook.AsarepresentativeworkofBritishandAmericandetectivenovels,AndThenThereWereNonenotonlyhasitsownoriginalityinplotconceptionandnarrativetechniques,butalsotranscendsthetraditionaldetectiveliteraturethemeofsolvingriddlesandhighlightingjustice.ChapterTwoAnalysisoftheMultiple

ThemesoftheNovelThischapterbeginswithagradualanalysisofthediversethemesofthenovelAndThenThereWereNone.Firstly,itstartswithnurseryrhymesandexploressocialthemes.Then,itdiscussesthecomplexhumannatureofeachpersonhiddeninthenovelfromtwoparts:thechangingpersonalitiesofthecharactersandtheirchaoticexperiences.Finally,itleadstotheubiquitousmoralkidnappingbehavior,Theinabilityofjusticetoprovidefairnessandothersocialphenomenathatcannotbeeradicatedandexisttodayarereflectedinthenovel.2.1InequalityofSocialStatus2.1.1TheExistenceofRacialDiscriminationThesocialissueshiddeninthebackgroundofthisarticleareamajorthemethattheauthorintendstoexpress.Firstly,themostobvioussocialissuethatrunsthroughtheentiretextistheracialdiscriminationreflectedinnurseryrhymes.Thisnurseryrhyme,originallynamedTenLittleNegroes①,isthemostfamousamongthemothergoose②nurseryrhymes.Itsabsurdlyricsexpresspessimistic,cursed,andeventerrifyingsocialrealities,anditcanbeconsideredoneofthetopfewindarkfairytales.Ancientnurseryrhymescanbetracedbacktothehistoricalbackgroundandsocialandculturallandscapeofthattime.Throughthedarksideofnurseryrhymes,modernpeoplecanbetterunderstandhistory.Thisarticleisalsocreatedundertheinfluenceofthisnurseryrhyme.Scholarsgenerallybelievethatthecruelexpressionsinthesongreflecttheseverityofracialdiscriminationatthattime.Intheearly19thcentury,withthehugedemandforcottonaftertheriseoftheBritishIndustrialRevolution,plantationownersinthesouthernUnitedStatesbegantograduallyreplacetobaccowithcotton,andthecottonplantingareaintheUnitedStatesrapidlyincreased.IntheAmericanplantationsatthattime,slaveswereregardedastheprivatepropertyoftheplantationowners,withnopersonalfreedomatall.UndertheshadowofracialdiscriminationinBritain,thetreatmentofwhiteandblackpeopleiscompletelydifferent.Blackpeoplefinditdifficulttoobtaindecentjobsinsociety,andthemajorityofblackslavesaresubjecttotheoppressionoftherulingclass,withjobsthatareverydisrespectfulandwithoutguarantee.Andcomparedtowhitepeople,blackpeoplearemorelikelytobecomevictimsofmurderorothercases,andtheirlifesafetyisalsoatrisk.Thereasonwhyblackpeoplebecomediscriminatedagainstispartlyduetothesuppressionofeconomicpower.BeforeSouthAmerica,Africaandotherblackareasbecamecolonies,itwasstillinthePrimitiveSociety,andtheeconomicdevelopmentwasveryslow,buttheEuropeancountriesatthattimehadbeguntodevelopandexpandoutward;Aftertheseregionswerelaterruled,theireconomicstrengthwasdirectlydeterminedbytherulingcountry.AftertheIndustrialRevolution,countriesledbyBritainexperiencedrapideconomicdevelopment,wideningthegapbetweentheeconomiclevelsofbothsides.Theunderdevelopedeconomymadetheblackpeoplehavenovoice,otherwise,racialdiscriminationpersistedforalongtimeanddidnotdisappear.Thecontradictionbetweenwhiteandblackpeoplehasbeenongoingforalongtime,andthesecontradictionssymbolicallyrepresenttheunequalsocialrelationshipsbetweenpeopleofdifferentclasses,statuses,andracesatthattime.Thehigh-levelwhitepeople’scontemptforthelowerlevelblackworkingclass,thedissatisfactionofthelowerlevelblackslaveswiththewhitepeoplewhorulethem,andpeoplefromdifferentclasseslivedifferentlives,Therefore,itwasimpossibletoachieveequalityinthesocietyatthattime,andtheauthorarrangedsuchadramaticstorylineinthearticlebecauseofthis.Inthestoryofthisarticle,theguests’roomiswrittenwithTenLittleNegroes,andthenumberofguestsisten.Therearealsotensmallporcelainfiguresplacedintherestaurant.Thenurseryrhymesays:“Tenlittlesoldierboyswentouttodine;OnechokedhislittleselfandthentherewereNine.Ninelittlesoldierboyssatupverylate;OneoverslepthimselfandthentherewereEight.EightlittlesoldierboystravellinginDevon;Onesaidhe’dstaythereandthentherewereSeven.Sevenlittlesoldierboyschoppingupsticks;OnechoppedhimselfinhalvesandthentherewereSix.Sixlittlesoldierboysplayingwithahive;AbumblebeestungoneandthentherewereFive...”[1]44Wheneverthemurdererdisposesofapersonaccordingtothewayinthenurseryrhyme,acorrespondingsmallporcelainfigurewillbedealtwith.Inthenovel,thefateofthetenguestsontheislandcorrespondstothenurseryrhymeonebyone,andisalsocloselyrelatedtothesesmallporcelainfigures.AndChristie’sbrillianceliesinthefactthatinthisraciallychargednovel,shecannotfindasinglepersonofcolor.AlltheguestsareBritishwhitepeople,claimingtobethehighestbeingsamongtheraces,butonthisisland,theyareclassifiedasthesameexistenceastheIndianstheydespisethemostandbullythemost.Oncetheguestsrealizethis,greateranger,panic,andconflictwillarise.Atthebeginning,peoplewerestillvigorouslydenyingtheircrimes,andevenhadthoughtsthatbelievedtheywereinnocent.However,asthestorylinecontinuedtoadvance,peoplegraduallyfellintoamentaldisorderintheinevitableoutcome,andfinallyeruptedatthecriticalpoint-peoplewereconstantlymockedandpanickedintheirexhaustedescape,andultimatelyenteredastatewherenoonesurvived,Thelastpersonsuspendedthetragicendingofthisremaininglife.Asthenurseryrhymesays:“Fivelittlesoldierboysgoinginforlaw;OnegotinChanceryandthentherewereFour.Fourlittlesoldierboysgoingouttosea;AredherringswallowedoneandthentherewereThree.ThreelittlesoldierboyswalkingintheZoo;AbigbearhuggedoneandthentherewereTwo.Twolittlesoldierboyssittinginthesun;OnegotfrizzledupandthentherewasOne.Onelittlesoldierboyleftallalone;HewentandhangedhimselfandthentherewereNone.”[1]452.1.2TheContinuationofColonialismColonialismisofteninseparablefromracialdiscrimination.Capitalistcountriesdeveloptheirowncoloniesinunderdevelopedareas.Duringtheperiodofprimitiveaccumulationofcapital,theymostlyusednakedviolence,suchasarmedoccupation,overseasmigration,pirateplunder,fraudulenttrade,bloodyslavetrade,etc.Intheeraoffreecapitalism,underdevelopedcountries,ethnicgroups,andregionsweremainlytransformedintotheirowncommoditymarkets,rawmaterialproductionareas,investmentvenues,andsourcesofcheaplaborandmercenariesthroughtheformof“freetrade”.Atthattime,colonialismwasalsoubiquitousinBritain.Throughoutthisbook,theshadowofcolonialismandracismisshrouded,andthestoriesinthenoveldepictthecurrentsocialsituationatthattime,fromsmalltolarge.Theendingarrangedbytheauthorforeachpersonindirectlyshowstheauthor’saccusationsofcolonialismandotherpowerfulviolence,andthesesinsinthecharacterbecomeopportunitiesfornoonetosurvive.Itisnotdifficulttoseethroughtheentiretextthattheorderofdeathdescribedbytheauthoriscloselyrelatedtofactorssuchasthecomplexityofthechargesinvolved.ThefirstpersontodiewasAnthonyMarston,aplayboyamongtheten,whowasaccusedofdrivinganunlicensedcarandkillingtwochildren,JohnandLucy.Suchchargesseemedthelightestamongtheten,andthereforehispunishmentwasthemostmerciful(chokingtodeathwhiledrinkingpoison).ThesecondoneisMrs.Rogers,thebutler’swifewhoarrivedontheislandearlierthanmostpeople.Heraccusationisthatshestoodidlybyanddidnotlendahelpinghandwhentheownerhadaheartattack.Instead,shecompetedwithherhusbandMr.Rogersforinheritance,resultinginonelife.Shealsosleptforeverontheisland.Asforthethirdgeneral,GeneralMacArthur,hemaybeoneofthefewpeoplepresentwhowillinglyaccepteddeath.Hiscrimewastousehispowertokillhissubordinates,andthereasonwasbecausethesubordinatehadanaffairwithhiswife,whodiedofdepressionafterlosinghislover.Thegeneralhimselfactuallydevotedthelatterhalfofhislifetoatoneforhiswrongdoing,althoughhewasveryworriedthathiswrongdoingwouldbediscovered.However,hefinallyfoundhishomeontheisland-death.Althoughhediedafterbeinghitonthebackoftheheadwithabluntobject,hewasstillabitbetterthanotherswhodidn’twanttoleave.Thefourthpersontodiewasthebutler,whosewifewashisaccomplice,buthewastheoriginoftheevil.Hisevilwasheavierthanhiswife,andhewaskilledfrombehindwithanaxe.Inablinkofaneye,thedeathandinjurywerealreadyoverhalf.ThefifthluckygirlwasEmilyBrent,anoldandconservativegirlwhohadbeenstrictwithherselfallherlife.Hersinswerenotordinarysins,butalackofcompassioninherthoughtsandconcepts.Herwayofdeathwasbybeinginjectedwithpoison,andinresponsetothesong,therewasabumblebeebesideherbody,Thesixthjudge,YourHonorVargrave,whowasinitiallyresponsibleformaintainingorder,sentencedinnocentpeopletodeath,andthedoctorsaidhediedfromgunshotwounds.Theseventhpersonhappenstobethisdoctor,Mr.Armstrong,adoctorwhopursuesfame,fortune,andmedicaltreatment.Comparedtohim,hissincanbeconsideredveryserious.Theeighthisacorruptpoliceofficer,theninthisacruelcolonizer,andthelastisagirlwhomurderedachildforlovebutdidnotreceivelove.Thefurtheritgoes,themoreitrepresentsthedepthandunforgivabilityofsin.Thewaypeoplediestepbystepcorrespondstonurseryrhymes,andtheyallleaveeachotherduetotheirdeepcrimes.Eveniftheculpritofthefakedeath,Mr.Judge,endedupshootinghimself.Eventhoughlaterpeoplelearnedthetruthofthestorythroughthekiller’sconfessionletter,noneofthesetenpeoplesurvived,neitherthevictimnortheperpetrator,leftthissmallisland.Theshadowofcolonialismdidnotdissipatewiththepassingoftenpeople,anditbecameevenmoreprofoundinboththerealworldandthenovelworld.Itdidnotslowlydissipateinthelongriveroftime,butinsteadmadearichandcolorfulmarkinhistory,makingpeoplecherishthepresentevenmorefromthattimetothepresent.2.2ComplexHumanNature2.2.1TheEver-changingPersonalityofCharactersThecharactersinAgathaChristie’sworksarenotonlysimpleplanecharacters,butthree-dimensionalbeingswithfleshandblood.Inthecontinuousdevelopmentofthestory,theyshowedavarietyofcharactersthatwerediametricallyoppositetothecharactersatthebeginningofthestory.Thejudge,Mr.Vargrave,wasconsideredastheexistenceofjusticeintheearlystageofthestory.Heledpeopletodiscuss,andhekeptpeopleinorder.Such“lightofjustice”washiddeninthepublic,carefullyplannedtherealmurdererbehindthewholemurder,andhalfofhimsplitintomurderers.Halfofthemareconstantlydissectingtheirownhearts.Thepurposeofkillingothersistoupholdjusticeintheirhearts,whilehepersonallyadmitsthatheismoreviolent;Marston,themostguiltyplayboy,isacold-bloodedperpetratorontheonehand,butnaiveandenergeticontheother;ThehousekeeperRogersandhiswifeplaythedutifulhousekeeper,buttheyarealsotheexecutionerswhoaregreedyformoneyandignorehumanlife;Asadetective,Bloerwasonceapoliceofficer,buthetookmoneyandsentinnocentlivestohell;GeneralMacArthur,braveandtough,buttrappedbylove,senthissubordinatestothetaskofnoreturn,andfellintoalifetimeofdifficultiestoheal;SisterBrenttreatsthemaidalmostharshly,butsheisaveryreligiousreligiousTherearemorethantwokindsofcontradictionsineveryone’sbody.Theyarecomplexandprofound,whichmakesthecharacterofeachcharacterappearonthepaper.2.2.2TheChaoticExperienceofCharactersBeforeeveryonesteppedintothenurseryrhymemurdercase,theauthorusedmanydifferentcharacters’perspectivestograduallyintroducetheidentitybackgroundoftenpeopletous,whichcanbesaidtobevariedinroughstatistics.However,astheplotunfolded,thereadersgraduallyunderstoodeveryone’ssinthroughtheomniscientperspective,andthelifeexperienceofthesetenpeoplealsosurfacedinfrontofthereadersuntilthelastmomentofthestory,ifnotthemurderer’sconfession.Wemayneverknowthetrueendofthisstory.Beforethegramophonesoundedthesoundofevil,everyonespokepolitelyinhisownexternalidentity.Itseemedthatthepasthadneverhappened,buttheexistencewouldneverdisappear.Theevilwouldalwaysbeexposed.Thejustjudgewasnotjust,andtheseeminglyharmlessvictimwasnotharmless.Everyone’shiddenevilundertheperfectappearancewasgraduallyexposed.ItalsoreflectsChristie'ssuperbwritingskills.BeforethedeathofMrs.Rogers,peoplehadnotpaidmuchattentiontothecontentsofthephonograph.Afterthemurder,people’simpressionanddefensivepsychologyofotherpeoplehavealsochangedfurtherafterknowingtheexperienceoftheotherperson.Peopleseemnottodaretobelievethatthegentleandkindhousekeeperoncecommittedsuchcrimes.However,inthelanguageofnoticingthedisappearanceofthelittleporcelainmanandfindingthatthephonographisfulloflanguage.Itseemsthatafterthetruth,people’sviewoftheirpeersalsonaturallychanged.Everyonecan'tleaveontheisland.Theyarealsopublicizedtheirsinsinfrontofotherpeople.Allpeopledon’ttrusteachotherandfightwitheachother.Everyonewantstolive,escapethecurseofnurseryrhymesandleavetheisland.Therealmurderer,yourhonor,triedtopunishhisownsinbecauseofexcessivepursuitofjustice,buthealsoknewthedepthofhissinandendedhislife;Withtheincreasingnumberofdeadpeople,thesurvivorsfoundthekillerontheislandandalsoundertookthedecryptionpartofthedetectivestoryinordertoescapetheirownoutcome.Alltheexperiencesofthesetenpeoplecanbesaidtobeverycomplicated.Everyonereceivedthesameinvitationtocometothisisolatedisland,andwasforcedtoconfesstheirsinswithoutconcealmentinfrontofstrangers.Althoughtheoutcomewasnotverygood,peoplewerealsosolvingtheriddleintheirownwayonthebasisofmutualsuspicion.Themurderer,althoughsettingupsuchacasethatnoonesurvived,alsowroteaconfessioninadvance,makingthetruthknowntothepublic.Everyone’spersonalityisnotasingleaspect,butthecomplexityandchaosofallaspects,whichmakesthewholestoryfrommonotonoustorich.2.3TheDifficultyofUnifyingEthicsandMorality2.3.1JudicialInjusticeWhenitcomestothefairnessofjustice,inourview,justicehasalwaysbeenfair,butinthesocietyatthattime,fairnessseemedtobeadifficultthingtoachieve.Judgesbendthelawforpersonalgain,superiorsoppresssubordinates,andthedemandsofciviliansarenottakenseriously.Thepainbroughtbywarisvividlyremembered.Peoplesacrificetheirlivesforfameandfortune,forthoseillusorythings,andviewfairnessasnothing.It’sreallyamess.Forthepurposeofthisarticle,thekillerjudgedesignedthisnurseryrhymemurdercaseinpursuitofhisownfairness,andhealsolosthislife.Inourviewoftheworldtoday,asthemastermindofamurdercase,heshouldbetheguiltyparty.Atthattime,inhisownopinion,hepunishednineguiltypeople.Shouldhebeagoodpersonwhopunishesevilandpromotesgood?Obviouslynot.Accordingtotheaccusationsofthephonographandhispastexperience,heisalsoaguiltyperson,andthiscriminalalsobearstheresponsibilityofbeingagoodperson.Itisdifficulttodistinguishbetweengoodandbad,andtheseamlessswitchingbetweenvictimsandperpetratorscreatesastrangebalancebetweenchaosandfairness.However,whetherfairnessinchaosistrulyfairornot,theanswerisalwaysnegative.Whensocietyfallsintochaos,fairnessisoftenoverlooked.Althoughallthechaospresentedinthisbookissocialchaos,itispreciselythiskindofchaosthatreflectsthevalueandhard-earnedvalueofpeaceandjustice.Perhapsintoday'speacefulera,itisnotdifficulttojudgethecrimesofthesetenpeoplewithjudicialfairness.Currently,wehaveaverycompletejudicialsystem,butforpeopleatthattime,theywantedtopursuejudicialfairness.Itisstillaquitedifficulttask,soitisnotuncommonforajudgetopunishtheexistenceofevilinhisownway.Althoughhisactofsuppressingevilthroughevilisnotcommendablefromalegalperspective,hisdesiretopunishevilisinnocent.Althoughheorganizedthismurdertosatisfyhisownselfishdesires,italsosymbolizesthecontinuoustransformationofgoodandevil.Itreflectstheauthor'ssuperbwritingskillsandeffectivelyconveystheauthor'semotions.2.3.2TheProliferationofMoralKidnappingMoralkidnappingreferstothephenomenonwherepeopledemand,coerce,orattackotherswithexcessivelyhighorevenunrealisticstandardsinthenameofmorality,therebyinfluencingtheirbehavior.Thisphenomenonalsoappearsinthisarticle.TaketheexampleoftheelderlynunEmilyBrent.Shewasbornintoanoblefamily,nevermarried,anddevotedherselftoreligionandGod.Shelooksverydevoutandcondescending.Evenso,shewasaccused,liketheotherninepeople.Whereisherguilt?Sheusedtohaveaserious,diligent,andrationalwaiter,butthismaidgotpregnantunmarried.Theoldnunbelievedthatshewasbehavingimproperly,didn’tloveherself,anddidn’tfollowwomen’srules,soshekickedherout.Themaidwashomelessandhadnowheretogobecauseshehadlostherlivelihood.Shehadtotakeherunbornchildandjumpintotherivertocommitsuicide.Theoldnunwhoknewaboutthisnotonlyhadnoregretsorsadness,butalsostubbornlybelievedthatthereasonwhythemaiddidnotfollowtherulesofwomenwasbecauseshehadtakenresponsibilityherself.Whensheadmittedheractions,shedidnotcarryanysenseofguilt.Shewassocalm,yetsocoldandheartless.Shebelievedfromadeeplyingrainedthoughtinherheartthatshehadnotmadeanymistakesorcommittedanycrimes.Itwaspreciselythiscoldexpressionthatmadereadersfeelmoreterrifying.Thisisnotsimplyfromtheterrifyingfeelingbroughtbytheplotsetting,butfromtherootofhumannature,Thesolidandindelibleeviloftheauthor'sarrangementhasmadeusmoredeeplyrealizethatthereisalwayssuchaselfproclaimedexistenceofmorality,standingonthehighgroundofhumannatureandcriticizingeverythingwithouthesitation.However,ifhumannatureisextinguishedforthissakeofmorality,canitstillbecalledmorality?Thisevilrevealedfromhumannatureisheroriginalsin.Althoughourstorylineisalsoaboutsin,thereisalwaysanendingtothestory,andthesinsthatariseinhumannature,suchashersins,aredeeplyrootedinhumanheartsandneverfadeaway.Thisisthetruesin.Thisoldnunfearlesslycriticizesothers’morals,seeminglyhavingherownevaluationcriteria.Nomatterwhatresultsothersreceive,isthisnotamoralkidnapping?Moralkidnappingisalmostusingthestandardsofsaintstodemandordinarypeople,leavingasidethespiritualstructureofpeople.Therootofmoralkidnappingcomesfromthelogicofmoraljudgmentbeingwrong.Whenthedistributionofgroupinterestsisunevenandpeople’sideologicalconsciousnessisnothigh,usingvirtuetodemandmoralobligationsisnotalaughingmatter?Whetheratthattimeornow,thisphenomenonisnotuncommon.Thesocialphenomenareflectedinnovelscanonlybeexaggeratedinreality.Atthattime,likethisoldnun,thephenomenonoftreatingtheworldbasedonherownjudgmentstandardsandbeingselfcenteredcouldbesaidtohavespreadtoacertainextent.ChapterThreeTheInfluenceoftheMultipleThemesoftheNovelThemultiplethemesofthisbookprovidegreatexplorationspaceforfuturereaders.Whenpeoplereadthisbook,theycan’thelpbutbeledintothedifficultyearsofwarandchaos,thinkingaboutthelegacyofhistoryburiedintheriveroftime.Afterexperiencingstrangeandunexpectedscenes,peoplecan’thelpbutstartthinkingaboutwhatkindofthoughtsandfeelingstheauthorhasplacedinthisbook,andwhattheywanttoconveytousthroughthisbook.3.1TheConstantPursuitofFairnessUnderCivilizationFromtensofmillionsofyearsagototoday,humanevolutionhasledtothecontinuousevolutionoftensofthousandsoftribes,cities,countries,andpeople’ssettlements,aswellasthecontinuousupdatingofideas.Theemergenceoftools,theinventionofwriting,andtheformationofnationsledtothebirthofcivilization.Thecivilizationthatexistedtensofmillionsofyearsagohasbeenpasseddowntothisday,andpeople’slivesarealsoconstantlychanging.So,in1939,whenthisbookappeared,whatwastheevolutionofBritishsocietyatthattime?Startingfrom1939,theworldbegananantifascistwar,knownasWorldWarII.ThisarticlewaswrittenontheeveoftheoutbreakofWorldWarII,whentheglobaleconomiccrisiswasimminent.Thetencharactersintheauthor’sarticlerepresentprofoundsocialcontradictions,whichhavenotbeeneliminateduntiltoday.Thesetenpeopleontheislandareamicrocosmofcivilization.Atthebeginning,peoplegatheredtogetherandcoexistedonthisisland,representingthebeginningofacivilization.However,thefearandpanicthatpeopleexperienceafterbeingexposedtoevil,thedespairofsurvival,andthegraduallossofhumannaturerepresentthedegradationofcivilization.Peopleliveontheislandonlyforsurvival.Fromcivilizedsocietytotheeraofbeasts,thisisatragedy,butinthelaterstages,astheplotcontinuestodevelop,peoplegraduallyleavemoderncivilizationandfacecommonenemiesandunknownkillers.Theirclassgraduallydisappeared.Everyoneeatsthesamefood,avoidsthesameenemies,andevenharmsthepeoplearoundthem.Law,fairness,justice,andorderhavebecomeemptytalkhere.Aspeoplegraduallyleave,civilizationdisappearsanddisappears.Itiscivilizationthatmakesthemexist,anditisalsocivilizationthatbringsthemtoanend.Civilizationnotonlybringsequality,butalsosubtlyinfluencesinequality.However,inanunequalcivilizedsociety,wehavealwaysbeenstrivingandstrivingforequality.Thesacrificeanddedicationofthepreviousgenerationistocreateanequalsocietyforfuturegenerations.Thediligentworkofthisgenerationisalsotoensurethatthevisionofequalityandharmonyispasseddownforalongtimeandwillcontinuetothrive.Althoughthereisnoperfectcivilizationintheworld,inanimperfectworld,onlybylivingwithanequalandhumbleattitudecanweunderstandthetrueessenceofcivilizationandcreateabettertomorrow,withmutualrespect,understanding,andequality.3.2JusticeaboveEverythingThejusticeofthejudgeinthearticleisone-