2025版高考英语一轮总复习真题探究必修第三册Unit4SpaceExploration

必修第三册Unit4SpaceExploration(2022·全国乙卷)Canasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.1．Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible？AA．Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B．Drones'abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C．Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D．Drones'reliableperformanceinremoteareas.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructure”可知，无人机现在已经用来检测高压电力线路，它们可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路以及铁路基础设施的其他重要方面。故选A。2．Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinParagraph3referto？CA．Personnelsafety.B．Assistancefromdrones.C．Inspectionandrepair.D．Constructionofinfrastructure.解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句可知，据计算，单是欧洲铁路一年就要在维护上面花费约200亿欧元，其中包括常常在夜里派遣维护员工去检查和修复铁路基础设施。由此可知，铁路“maintenance”包括检查和修复铁路基础设施。故选C。3．Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones？AA．Toprovideearlywarning.B．Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C．Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D．Toacceleratetransportation.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，因为能提前看到，无人机可以感知到任何问题，这样快速前进的列车就可以及时作出反应。由此可推知，期待铁路无人机具有的功能是提前发现问题，并给列车发出警告。故选A。4．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext？DA．WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB．HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC．WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD．HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本篇文章主要讲的是无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。故D项最适合做文章标题。故选D。理清脉络语言能力(一)高级词块1．guaranteev．确保，保证；担保2．inspectv．检查，审视；检阅，视察3．calculatev．计算，估计4．detectv．查明，察觉；测出，检测，识别5．autonomouslyadv.自动地6．railwayoperator铁路运营商7．railtracks轨道；铁路线路8．high-tensionelectricallines高压电线9．switchingpoints切换点10．higher-valueservices高附加值服务11．reliabilityn．可靠性；可信度12．maintenancen．维护，保养；保持，维持13．programmev．调好，设置(机器使之按某种方式运作)14．co-pilotn．副驾驶；自动驾驶仪(二)长难句突破Themorer