吉林省辽源市第五中学2023-2024学年高三上学期第一次月考英语试题

辽源五中20232024学年度高三上学期第一次月考英语试题第二部分阅读理解（2.5*15=37.5分）DramaticprogresshasbeenwitnessedintheTraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)whichbenefitsfromthosegreatcontributionssomeancientfamousdoctorsmadeantsomeexperiencetheyaccumulated.Thefollowingthreestandoutamongtheancientfamousdoctors.HuaTuoHuaTuo(145—208),famousphysicianofthelateEasternHandynasty,alsonamedFu,wasbornatQiaoCountyinPeiguo(nowBozhou,AnhuiProvince).Heledasimplelife,awayfromfameandfortune.Hewouldratherbeeatravelingphysicianforordinarypeople.HuaTuowasanexpertinseveralmedicalfields,suchasinternalmedicine,surgery,gynecology,pediatricsandacupuncture.Hewasthefirstpersontoperformsurgerywiththeaidofanesthesia(byapplyingMaFeiSan,aherbalanestheticheinvented)some1,600yearsbeforeEuropeansdid.ZhangZhongjingZhangZhongjing(150—219),alsoknownasZhangJi,wasoneofthemostdistinguishedChinesephysiciansduringthelateryearsoftheEasternHandynasty.Helivedintoday’sNanyanginHenanProvince.Hewasknownasthe“medicalsage”bylatergenerationsduetohisoutstandingcontributionstoTCM.Duringhistime,withwarlords(军阀)fightingfortheirownterritories,manypeoplewereinfectedwithfertility,anillnesscausedbyfever.Zhang’sfamilywasnoexception.Theexperiencestimulatedhismotivationinmedicine.Helearnedmedicinebystudyingfromhistown’sfellowZhanBozu,absorbingpreviousmedicinalliterature,collectingmanyprescriptions;andfinallywritingthemedicalmasterpieceShanghanZabingLun.Unfortunatelyshortlyafteritspublicationthebookwaslostduringwartime.LiShizhenLiShizhen(1518—1593)wasafamousmedicalscientisttheMingdynasty.Helovedmedicinefromanearlyageandsucceededhisancestorsasadoctor.Henotonlypaidattentiontoaccumulatingexperienceincuringdiseases,butalsovisitedthefamousmountainswheremedicinalmaterialswereproduced.Onthisbasis,ittook27yearstopile(编著)thepharmaceuticalmasterpiece,pendiumofMateriaMedica,whichisknownasthe“EncyclopediaofAncientChina”andhasmadeanimportantcontributiontothedevelopmentofclassicalmedicineChina.21．Whatdothethreefamousdoctorsmentionedinthepassagehaveinmon?A．Theirbooksnevereout.B．TheytravelledextensivelyacrossChina.C．Theyledthewayworldwideintheirownexperts.D．TheycontributedthemselvestothedevelopmentofTCM.22．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．HuaTuowasdesperateforreputationandfortune.B．LiShizhencamefromafamilyofdoctors.C．LiShizhensurvivedZhangZhongjingby9years.D．ZhangZhongjing’smedicalmasterpiecevanishedbeforepublished.23．Inwhichsectionofamagazinemaythispassageappear?A．Healthylifestyles. B．Dailyentertainment.C．Historicalfigures. D．Fitnessmanagement.Backin2020:Oneday,Iwasschedulingappointmentsintheoffice;thenext,Ibrokemylegandhadtostayinbed.Overtime,IgrewsickofvideoconferencingandTVmarathons,andstartedsearchingforsomethingnewtofillthelongandrestlessdays.Aheadlineonawebsitecaughtmyeyes:“ThisWeavingLoom(织布机)SavedMeWhenAllMyPreviousHobbiesDisappeared.”Thiswastheuniversespeakingtome.Iimmediatelyboughtallthethingsremended—asmallloom,afewcolorsofthreads(线)andaweavingbook.Myfirstweavinglooked...notgreat.Iskippedthebookandfreestyledapinkandwhiteclothtohangonmyapartmentdoor.ItstartedoffOK;Istrungtheloomsuccessfullyandfiguredouthowtoslidethethreadedneedleoverandunderthebackboneofthecloth.Then,mistakeaftermistake,Ipulledthethreadwaytootight,makingthesidescurvein.Therewerelotsofgaps,whereIcouldseethewhitethreadsunderneaththecoloredones.Icouldn’tmakethelongfringe(穗)atthebottom.Inafitoffrustration,Ileftitamess.Humbledbymypride,Iopenedtheweavingbook.Ilearnedhowtogetmyedgesstraightandmyendsneat.Ifiguredouthowtosewbacksontocloths,stuffthemwithcottonandmakecolorfulpillowstodisplayonmysofa.SoonIstartedmakingsomeformyfamiliesandfriends.Ievensavedupmoneytobuya4by4footloom,whereIworkedonbiggerobjects.Iwasofficiallytakenwithit.Actually,I’veneverbeengoodatanythingthatrequireshandeyebraincooperation.Butweaving,somehow,feelsdifferent.Itrequiresthesamestepsrepeatedoveragainandencouragesyoutoloseyourselfintheprocess.EverytimeIpickupmyloom,mybrainquietsdown;asmyneedleslipsbetweenthreads,Igroundmyself.I’veneverlovedahobbylikethis.24．Whydidtheauthorbuyaloom?A．Topassthetime. B．Totryoutanidea. C．Toescapefromwork. D．Toreplacemarathons.25．Whatdidtheauthorthinkofherfirstweaving?A．Boring. B．Pleasing. C．Disappointing. D．Encouraging.26．WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A．Thevalueoftheweavingbook. B．Theadviceforweavingbeginners.C．Theattitudetowardspreviousmistakes. D．Theprocessofgrowingloveforweaving.27．Whatdoestheauthorseemtoloveaboutweaving?A．Itisameanstomakealiving. B．Itisacraftwithcalmingquality.C．Itisawaytokeeptraditionsalive. D．Itisapracticeforhumanconnection.Astudypublishedrecentlyshowsthattomatofruitsareabletotransmitalertstotheirmotherplantwhenattackedbycaterpillars.Plantshavealargenumberofchemicalandhormonalsignalingpathways,whicharegenerallytransmittedthroughthesap(树液).Giventhefactthatfruitsjusthangfromthemainplantbeforeultimatelyfallingoffandsaptypicallyonlyrunsfromtheplanttothefruit—notbackandforthbetweenthetwo—ithaslongbeenunclearwhetherornotfruitscantransmitinformationtotheplant.Toaddressthatquestion,scientistsatBrazil’sFederalUniversityofPelotasplacedtomatoplantsinaFaradaycage.Electrodes(电极)wereattachedtotheendsoftheplants’branchesatthepointswheretheyconnectedtothefruits.Thentheymeasuredelectricalresponseswithinthebranchesbefore,duringandaftera24hourperiodinwhichthefruitswereattackedbycaterpillars.Machinelearningbasedalgorithmswereusedtoidentifypatternsinthesignals.

Itwasfoundthattherewasa“cleardifference”betweenthesignalsbeforeandaftercaterpillarattacks.Additionally.defensivebiochemicalresponseswereobservedthroughouttheplants’bodies,suggestingthattheyhadbeentriggeredbysignalssentbythefruits.Theresearchersgavethefollowingexplanation.Thetomatofruit,sensinganearbyinsect,releasedelectricalsignalstoreachtherestoftheplant.Thesewarningsimpulseswerereceivedbythemainplantandasaresult,therestoftheplantgotpreparedtofightofftheunwantedinvaders.Thetomatofruitmadesurethattheplantproducedchemicalsthatwereunpleasanttotaste,sothathungrycaterpillarsstayedoffthefruit.Thescientistsnowplanoninvestigatingwhetherotherfruitingplantsbehaveinthesamemannerastomatoes,andwhethertheirfruitsrespondtothreatsotherthaninsects.Theybelieveunderstandinghowtheplantinteractswithitsfruits,andthefruitsamongthemselves,maybringinsightsintohowtomakeuseofthismunicationforenhancingfruitquality,resistancetopestsandshelflifeafterharvest.28．Whichofthefollowingmagazineisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A．FrontiersinSustainableFoodSystems.B．ExtraordinaryArchitect.C．NationalGeographic.D．TheEconomist.29．Whatfunctiondoessapserveinparagraph2?A．Amediumthatcantransmitsignals.B．Afirewallthatcanpreventattacks.C．Ashelterwhereinformationstores.D．Apathwaywhichwaterrunsthrough.30．What’sthereactionofthetomatofruitaftersensinganearbycaterpillar?A．Itfoughtagainsttheinvaders.B．Itproducedanunpleasanttaste.C．Itreleasedastinkysmell.D．Itemittedelectricalsignals.31．Whatwillscientistsdointhefollowingresearch?A．Improvefruitoutput.B．Decreasepestspecies.C．Expandresearchfields.D．Investigateotherinsects.Anewmethodofliedetectionshowsthatlietellerswhoaremadetomultitaskwhilebeinginterviewedareeasiertospot.Theextrabrainpowerneededtoconcentrateonasecondarytaskotherthanlyingwasparticularlychallenging.ProfessorAldertVrijifromtheUniversityofPortsmouthdesignedanexperimenttoidentifylietellers.The164participantsintheexperimentwerefirstaskedtogivetheirlevelsofsupportoroppositionaboutvarioussocietaltopicsthatwereinthenews.Theywerethengivenatruthorlieconditionbychanceandinterviewedaboutthethreetopicsthattheyfeltmoststronglyabout.Truthtellerswereinstructedtoreporttheirtrueopinionswhilelietellerswereinstructedtolieabouttheiropinionsduringtheinterviews.Forthesecondarytask,participantsweregivenasevendigit(数字)carnumberandinstructedtorecallitbacktotheinterviewer.Halfofthemreceivedadditionalinstructionsthatiftheycouldnotrememberthecarnumberduringtheinterview,theymaybeaskedtowritedowntheiropinionsaftertheinterview.Participantsweregiventheopportunitytopreparethemselvesfortheinterviewandweretolditwasimportanttoeacrossasconvincingaspossibleduringtheinterviews—whichwasincentivizedbybeingenteredintoaprizedraw.Theresultsshowedthatlietellers’storiessoundedlessreasonableandlessclearthantruthtellers’stories,particularlywhenlietellersweregiventhesecondarytaskandtoldthatitwasimportant.“Thepatternofresultsuggeststhattheintroductionofsecondarytasksinaninterviewcouldhelpliedetectionbutsuchtasksneedtobeintroducedcarefully.Itseemsthatasecondarytaskwillonlybeeffectiveiflietellersdonotneglectit.Thiscanbeachievedbyeithertellingintervieweesthatthesecondarytaskisimportant,orbyintroducingonethatcannotbeneglected,’’saidProfessorVriji.32．Whatcanwelearnaboutparticipantsintheexperiment?A．Sometruthtellersgavefalseopinionsintheinterview.B．Notallparticipantsknewtheimportanceofthesecondarytask.C．Participantsdidn’texpressopinionsaboutnewstopics.D．Participantschoseatruthorlieconditionbythemselves.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incentivized”inparagraph4mean?A．Motivated. B．Chosen. C．pleted. D．Corrected.34．Onwhatconditionwasthesecondarytaskeffectiveintheexperiment?A．Whenparticipantstookitseriously.B．Whenparticipantshadstrongbrainpower.C．Whenparticipantspaidlittleattentiontoit.D．Whenparticipantshadthechancetoprepare.35．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．InterviewingLieTellers. B．CoveringuptheTruth.C．ChallengingaSecondaryTask. D．ExposingLiarsbyDistraction.第二节七选五（2.5*5=12.5分）EveryoneknowsaboutstraightAstudents.Infact,hardworkisn’tthewholestorybehindtheiracademicsuccess.ManystraightAstudentsactuallyputinfewerhoursofhomeworktimethantheirlowscoringclassmates.36.Setpriorities.Topstudentsbearnobreaksonstudytime.Oncethebooksareopenortheputerisbootedup,phonecallsgounanswered,TVshowsunwatched,andsnacksignored.Studyisbusiness;businessesbeforerecreation.37.PaulMelendres,astraightAfreshmanfromNewMexico,keepstwofolders(文件夹)—onefortheday’sassignments,anotherforpaperspletedandgraded.Melendres’methodshaveactuallyproveneffective.Evenstudentswhodon’thaveaprivatestudyarearemainorganized.Abagordrawerkeepsessentialsuppliestogetherandcutsdowntimewastingsearches.Cleanupyouract.Neatpapersarelikelytogethighergradesthansloppyones.“Thestudentwhoturnsinaneatpaper,”saysClaudeOlney,anArizonaStateUniversitybusinessprofessor,“isalreadyonthewaytoanA．It’slikebeingservedacheeseburger.38,youcan’tbelieveittastesgoodifit’spresentedonadirtyplate.”Speakup.“39,Iaskedhimtorepeatit,”saysChristopherCampbell.Classparticipationgoesbeyondmerelyaskingquestions,though.It’samatterofshowingintellectualcuriosity.“Idon’twanttomemorizeinformationfortestsonly,”saysCampell.“Bettergradesefrombetterunderstanding.”Testyourself.Aspartofhernotetaking,DomenicaRomanemphasizespointsshethinksmaybecoveredduringexams.Latershedesignstentative(试验性的)testquestionsbasedonthosepointsandgivesherselfawrittenexaminationbeforetestday.“IfIcan’tanswerthequestionssatisfactorily,40,”shesays.A．GetorganizedB．ScheduleyourtimeC．IwillgobackandreviewD．NomatterhowgooditreallyisE．IfIdon’tunderstandwhatmyteacherisexplainingF．HerearesomesecretsoftheyoungstudychampionsG．Herewemakesomesuggestionsonhowtostudyanytime第三部分完形填空Neverhadalovelysunflowerbeenabsenttomyhouseonmybirthday,sinceIturned13.Nocardsornotesinit.Callstotheflowershopwerealways41—itwasacashpurchase.Ineverstopped42whothemysteriousgivermightbe.Someofmyhappiestmomentswerespentdaydreamingaboutsomeonewonderfulbuttooshytodisclosehisorher43.Mymothereven44myimaginations.She’daskmeiftherewassomeonewhoIhaddoneaspecialfavorandthenmightbeshowing45.Asateenager,46,IhadmorefunassumingthatitmightbeaboyIhadacrushon.WhenIwas17,Ifailed47inasignificanttest.Thatnightwhentheresultcame.Ijust48myselftosleep.WhenIawokeinthemorning,mymotherforted,“Don’tbediscouraged!It’snotabigdeal!”Yet,Iremember49outofthehouseatthattime,yelling...“Youjustdon’tunderstand!”Onemonthbeforemygraduationfromhighschool,myfatherdiedofaheartattack.Myfeelingsrangedfrompainto50sothatIbecamepletelyuninterestedintheupingceremony.Butmymother,inthemidstofherowngrief,woulddenymy51anyofthosethings.Beforemyfatherdied,wehadshoppedapartydresswhichmademefeellikea(an)52Cinderella.Butitwasthewrongsize.LaterItotallyforgotaboutthedress.Mymotherdidn’t.Thedaybeforethedance,Ifoundthatdress,intherightsize,53intheboxtome—gracefully,andlovingly.Shejustwantedherchildtofeellovedandshowedthattherestillexistedmagicandbeautyeven54hardships.Actually,mymotherpassedawayoneweekafterIgotmarried,Thatyeartheadorablesunflowerstopped55.41．A．inadvance B．invain C．incharge D．inprivate42．A．declaring B．admiring C．calculating D．confirming43．A．identity B．proof C．address D．presence44．A．subscribedto B．referredto C．objectedto D．contributedto45．A．applause B．account C．appreciation D．assistance46．A．though B．moreover C．therefore D．otherwise47．A．particularly B．unexpectedly C．unavoidably D．sincerely48．A．applied B．allowed C．forced D．devoted49．A．wandering B．rushing C．pacing D．moving50．A．astonishment B．annoyance C．tiredness D．abandonment51．A．grasping B．interrupting C．accepting D．skipping52．A．awesome B．original C．ordinary D．Imaginative53．A．awarded B．thrown C．delivered D．paid54．A．inresponseto B．bymeansof C．intermsof D．inthefaceof55．A．cheeringup B．showingup C．lightingup D．warmingup第四部分语法填空阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Onrecentweekends,visitorsfromsurroundingcities,provincesandeven56(far)awayarerushingtotryZibobarbecue.AlocalcitizensurnamedWeisaid,“Welocalscan’teveneatatnearbybarbecuerestaurantsonweekendsduetothelongqueues.”Pancakes,scallionsandtabletopbarbecues57(see)asessentialitemsforcustomers,andtheimmersivebarbecuemodehasmetthetasteandsocialneedsofyoungcustomers.“Zibobarbecuegoingviralisnot58(accident),”YinQidi,headofthecity’smercebureau,saidat59newsconferenceheldtoaddressthebarbecuecrazeonMarch10.60termsoftransportation,Ziboisknowntohavenewlyadded21customizedbarbecuebuslinesandcooperatedwithChinaRailwayJinanGroupCoLtdtoaddweekendrailwaylinesfromZibotoJinanofShandongprovince.ArrangingvolunteersatZiborailwaystations,publishingmapsmarkingremendedZibobarbecuecateries,61providingacmodationdiscountsforoutoftownstudentsaresomeoftheconvenientservicesZiboprovides.Previously,thecity’scultureandtourismbureau,alongwith10representativesfrompopularZiboscenicspots,62(board)thespecialweekendtrainG9321onApril863(promote)tourisminZiboandbeneficialpoliciestopassengers,64havemadethelowprofileindustrialcity65(expect)oneofthemostpopulartouristattractionsinChinainthepostepidemicera.五、作文56．假设你是校英文报的记者，为帮助同学们更好地了解海洋、增强保护海洋的意识，你校举办了一场大型图片展览。请你根据所给提示，写一篇短文报道此次活动。内容包括：1.时间及地点；2.展览内容和学生收获；3.活动反响。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________57．阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。WhenIwastenyearsold,IlivedwithmyfamilyinasmallhouseinruralSouthJersey.IoftenacpaniedmymothertotheA&Ptobuygoods.Withoutacar,wewalked,andIwouldhelphercarrythebags.Mymotherhadtoshopverycarefully,asshewasawaitress,andthemoneysheearnedcouldonlyraisethefamily.Oneday.whileshewaswaitinginlinetopayforthegoods,apromotional(促销的)displayfortheWorldBook“Encyclopedia(百科全书)”caughtmyeye.Thebookswerebeautifullycreamcoloredandyoucouldbuyoneonlywithninetyninecentsifyouhadalreadyhadatendollarpurchase.AllIcouldthinkofwhileshoppingwasthebook.Istoodatthecheckoutcounterwithmymother,holdingmybreathasthecashierranguptheitems.Itcametooverelevendollars.Mymothertookoutafive,andahandfulofchange.Asshewascountingoutthemoney,Isomehowfoundthecouragetoaskfortheencyclopedia.“Couldwegetone?”Isaid,showingherthedisplay.“It’sonlyninetyninecents.”Ididnotunderstandmymother’sincreasinganxiety:shedidnothaveenoughchangeandhadtogiveupalargecanofpeastopaytheamount.“Notnow,Patricia,”shesaidseriously.“Todayisnotagoodday.”Ipackedthegoodsandfollowedherhome,upset.ThenextSaturday,mymothergavemeadollarandsentmetotheA&Palone.Twobottlesofmilkandaloafofbreadthat’swhatadollarin1957.IwentstraighttotheWorldBookdisplay.Therewasonlyoneencyclopedialeft,whichIplacedinmycart.Ididn’tneedacart,buttookonesoIcouldreadasIwentupanddowntheaisles(过道).AlotoftimewentbyandIknewIhadtoleave,butIcouldn’tbeartopartwiththebook.Withnosecurityguardinsight,I,quickly,putitinsidemyshirtandzipped(扣上拉链)upmyjacket.Iwasatall,thinkid,andIamcertaintheshapeofthebookwasobvious.注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph1:Myheartbeatingrapidly,Iheadedtocheckout.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:Backhome,ItoldmymotherwhatIhadpromisedthesecurityguard.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________阅读作文参考答案：1．D2．B3．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国古代三位名医。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“DramaticprogresshasbeenwitnessedintheTraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)whichbenefitsfromthosegreatcontributionssomeancientfamousdoctorsmadeantsomeexperiencetheyaccumulated.Thefollowingthreestandoutamongtheancientfamousdoctors.(中医学取得了巨大的进步，这得益于一些古代名医的巨大贡献和积累的一些经验。以下三位在古代名医中脱颖而出。)”可知，本文提及的三位名医对中医做出了巨大贡献。故选D。2．推理判断题。根据“LiShizhen”下面的“Helovedmedicinefromanearlyageandsucceededhisancestorsasadoctor.(他从小就喜欢医学，并继承了他的祖先成为一名医生。)”可推知，李时珍出身于一个医学世家。故选B。3．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Thefollowingthreestandoutamongtheancientfamousdoctors.(以下三位在古代名医中脱颖而出。)”和下文的内容可知，本文主要介绍了华佗、张仲景、李时珍三位中国古代名医及其贡献，由此可推测出，本文最有可能在杂志的历史人物版块出现。故选C。4．B5．C6．D7．B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者生病之后，无意中接触到了纺织并爱上了它，因为它能让作者静下心来。4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Overtime,IgrewsickofvideoconferencingandTVmarathons,andstartedsearchingforsomethingnewtofillthelongandrestlessdays.(随着时间的推移，我厌倦了视频会议和电视马拉松，开始寻找新的东西来填补漫长而不安的日子)”及第二段“Aheadlineonawebsitecaughtmyeyes:“ThisWeavingLoomSavedMeWhenAllMyPreviousHobbiesDisappeared.(一个网站上的标题吸引了我的眼球：“当我以前所有的爱好都消失了，这台织布机救了我。”)”可知，作者买织布机是为了试验一个想法，故选B项。5．细节理解题。根据第三段“Myfirstweavinglooked...notgreat.(我的第一次编织看起来不太好)”可知，作者对自己的第一次纺织工作感到不满意，故选C项。6．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Ilearnedhowtogetmyedgesstraightandmyendsneat.(我学会了如何把我的边角弄直，把末端弄整齐)”以及“SoonIstartedmakingsomeformyfamiliesandfriends.Ievensavedupmoneytobuya4by4footloom,whereIworkedonbiggerobjects.(很快，我开始为家人和朋友做。我甚至存了钱买了一台4乘4英尺的织布机，使用它我可以做更大的东西)”可知，第五段主要讲的是作者逐渐爱上纺织工作的过程，故选D项。7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“EverytimeIpickupmyloom,mybrainquietsdown(每次我拿起织布机，我的大脑都会安静下来)”可知，作者爱上纺织工作是因为这是一种能让人安静下来的手艺，故选B项。8．A9．A10．D11．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述研究发现番茄果实在受到毛毛虫攻击时能够向其母株发出警报。8．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Thescientistsnowplanoninvestigatingwhetherotherfruitingplantsbehaveinthesamemannerastomatoes,andwhethertheirfruitsrespondtothreatsotherthaninsects.Theybelieveunderstandinghowtheplantinteractswithitsfruits,andthefruitsamongthemselves,maybringinsightsintohowtomakeuseofthismunicationforenhancingfruitquality,resistancetopestsandshelflifeafterharvest.(科学家们现在计划调查其他结果植物的行为是否与番茄相同，以及它们的果实是否对昆虫以外的威胁做出反应。他们相信，了解植物如何与果实相互作用，以及果实之间的相互作用，可以深入了解如何利用这种交流来提高果实质量，对害虫的抗性和收获后的保质期。)”以及上文可以推断，这篇文章主要讲食物方面的内容，所以可能出现在A项FrontiersinSustainableFoodSystems(可持续粮食系统的前沿)。故选A项。9．细节理解题。由文章第二段“Plantshavealargenumberofchemicalandhormonalsignalingpathways,whicharegenerallytransmittedthroughthesap(树液).(植物有大量的化学和激素信号通路，通常通过树液传递。)”可知，树液作为介质传递大量的化学和激素信号。故选A项。10．细节理解题。由文章第四段“Thetomatofruit,sensinganearbyinsect,releasedelectricalsignalstoreachtherestoftheplant.(番茄果实感应到附近的昆虫，释放出电信号到达植物的其他部分。)”可知，当番茄果实感受到周围由昆虫时，会释放出电信号。故选D项。11．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Thescientistsnowplanoninvestigatingwhetherotherfruitingplantsbehaveinthesamemannerastomatoes,andwhethertheirfruitsrespondtothreatsotherthaninsects.(科学家们现在计划调查其他结果植物的行为是否与番茄相同，以及它们的果实是否对昆虫以外的威胁做出反应。)”可知，科学家将扩展研究领域，看是否将这研究结果应用于其它植物。故选C项。12．B13．A14．A15．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲让撒谎者在进行多个任务分心时测谎，更容易让撒谎者被暴露出来。12．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Halfofthemreceivedadditionalinstructionsthatiftheycouldnotrememberthecarnumberduringtheinterview,theymaybeaskedtowritedowntheiropinionsaftertheinterview.(其中一半的人收到了额外的指示，如果他们在面试中记不住车号，可能会要求他们在面试后写下自己的意见。)”可知，只有一半人被额外提示，并不是所有人知道第二个任务的重要性，从而这一半人更认真对待第二个任务。故选B项。13．词句猜测题。由文章第四段“Participantsweregiventheopportunitytopreparethemselvesfortheinterviewandweretolditwasimportanttoeacrossasconvincingaspossibleduringtheinterviews—whichwasincentivizedbybeingenteredintoaprizedraw.(参与者有机会为面试做准备，并被告知在面试中尽可能让人信服很重要——这是通过参加抽奖来的。)”可知，参与者在抽奖的“激励”下才能更好按照实验者的指示完成任务，所以猜测incentivized表示“激励”的意思。故选A项。14．细节理解题。由文章最后一段“Itseemsthatasecondarytaskwillonlybeeffectiveiflietellersdonotneglectit.Thiscanbeachievedbyeithertellingintervieweesthatthesecondarytaskisimportant,orbyintroducingonethatcannotbeneglected(似乎只有说谎的人不忽视次要任务，次要任务才会有效。这可以通过告诉受访者次要任务很重要来实现，也可以通过介绍一个不可忽视的任务来实现)”可知，只有当参与者认真对待第二个任务时，实验效果才好。故选A项。15．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Anewmethodofliedetectionshowsthatlietellerswhoaremadetomultitaskwhilebeinginterviewedareeasiertospot.Theextrabrainpowerneededtoconcentrateonasecondarytaskotherthanlyingwasparticularlychallenging.(一种新的测谎方法表明，在接受采访时被要求完成多项任务的测谎者更容易被发现。除了撒谎之外，专注于次要任务所需的额外脑力尤其具有挑战性。)”以及后文可知，文章主要讲让撒谎者在进行多个任务分心时测谎，更容易让撒谎者暴露出来。所以D项ExposingLiarsbyDistraction.(分散注意力揭露骗子)符合语境。故选D项。16．F17．A18．D19．E20．C【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些好的学习方法，以帮助我们取得学业上的成功。16．根据空前内容“ManystraightAstudentsactuallyputinfewerhoursofhomeworktimethantheirlowscoringclassmates.(实际上，许多优等生花在家庭作业上的时间比分数低的同学要少。)”可知，优等生花在作业上的时间并不是很多，暗示优等生的学习是有方法的。选项F“Herearesomesecretsoftheyoungstudychampions(这里有一些年轻的学习冠军的秘密)”与上文内容一致，同时引出下文的学习方法的介绍。故选F。17．空处为小标题，为本段主要内容。根据下文内容“PaulMelendres,astraightAfreshmanfromNewMexico,keepstwofolders(文件夹)—onefortheday’sassignments,anotherforpaperspletedandgraded.Melendres’methodshaveactuallyproveneffective.Evenstudentswhodon’thaveaprivatestudyarearemainorganized.Abagordrawerkeepsessentialsuppliestogetherandcutsdowntimewastingsearches.(PaulMelendres是一名来自新墨西哥州的优等生，他有两个文件夹——一个放当天的作业，另一个放已完成的论文和评分。Melendres的方法实际上被证明是有效的。即使没有私人学习区域的学生也可以做到有条理。一个袋子或抽屉把必需品放在一起，减少了浪费时间的搜索。)”可知，本段主要建议学生要有条理。选项A“Getorganized(有条理)”符合本段主要内容。故选A。18．根据段首句“Neatpapersarelikelytogethighergradesthansloppyones.(整洁的论文可能比凌乱的论文得到更高的分数。)”可知，整洁的论文能得到更高的分数。选项D“Nomatterhowgooditreallyis(不管它真的有多好)”和空后“youcan’tbelieveittastegoodifit’spresentedonadirtyplate.(如果把它放在脏盘子里，你简直不敢相信它很好吃。)”则进一步解释了整洁的论文的必要性。故选D。19．根据空后的标点“，”以及空后内容“Iaskedhimtorepeatit(我让他重复一遍)”可判断，空前为从句。选项E“IfIdon’tunderstandwhatmyteacherisexplaining(如果我不明白老师在解释什么)”为状语从句，且内容上和下文的“repeatit”保持一致。故选E。20．根据上文“Aspartofhernotetaking,DomenicaRomanemphasizespointsshethinksmaybecoveredduringexams.Latershedesignstentative(试验性的)testquestionsbasedonthosepointsandgivesherselfawrittenexaminationbeforetestday.(作为笔记的一部分，DomenicaRoman强调了她认为考试中可能会涉及的知识点。后来，她根据这些知识点设计试探性的考题，并在考试前给自己做一次笔试。)”可知，本段建议学生考前进行自测。选项C“Iwillgobackandreview(我回去复习一下)”和空前“IfIcan’tanswerthequestionssatisfactorily,(如果我不能令人满意地回答问题)”内容一致，指的是如果自测时发现问题，可以及时复习巩固。故选C。21．B22．C23．A24．D25．C26．A27．B28．C29．B30．D31．D32．A33．C34．D35．B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。我每年生日都收到陌生人送的向日葵，并一直猜想是谁送的。直到妈妈离世，我再没有收到向日葵。21．考查介词短语辨析。句意：打