专题01 名词 - 冠词 - 代词 - 介词（讲练）（原卷版）-2024中考英语二轮复习

33/34专题01名词、冠词、代词、介词第一部分：名词名词属于十大词类中的一种，主要包括普通名词和专有名词两种。纵观近几年中考对于名词的考查，主要以选择题和填空题为主，考查内容以词义理解、名词所有格及词形转换居多。在备考2024年中考时，注意掌握名词变复数的变化规则，掌握不可数名词向可数名词转化的规律，名词所有格的用法，名词的句法功能等，并做到灵活运用，以便提高综合运用能力。中考考点分布：一、名词词义辨析（重点）；二、名词的数；三、名词所有格。考点一名词词义辨析（2023·江苏徐州）Ofallthe________,Ilovesummerbest.A．seasons B．subjects C．colours D．hobbies【答案】A【详解】句意：在所有的季节中，我最喜欢夏季。考查名词辨析。seasons季节；subjects科目；colours颜色；hobbies爱好。根据“Ilovesummerbest.”可知，此处指在所有季节中最喜欢夏季。故选A。中考高频易混易错名词梳理1.accident和event词条含义用法accident意外的事件特指不幸的意外事故event重大事件一般指比较重要、引人注意的事件2.bank,beach,coast和seaside词条含义用法bank河岸多指江河和溪流边的陆地beach海滩指海水退潮后露出的部分，较为平坦，适合游泳和日光浴coast海岸线指沿海狭长的陆地，强调从水面着眼说明它与陆地相衔接seaside海边指人们前往度假的沿海地区，与beach接近，但范围比较大3.weather和climate词条含义用法weather天气指某一时间内的天气情况，涉及范围较小，持续时间较短climate气候指某一地域相对稳定的天气状况，涉及范围较大，持续时间较长4.trip,travel和journey词条含义用法trip旅行通常指往返定时的短途旅行（在比较通俗的用法中，常代替journey表示长途旅行）travel旅行，旅游多指长期或长途的观光旅行，有到各地游历的意味。它表示具体的旅行时常用复数形式；作不可数名词时，常被用来泛指旅游这一行为journey旅行一般指长途旅行，常蕴含辛苦的意味5.amount和number词条用法例句amountof后接不可数名词amountofmoneyanumberof后接可数名词anumberofstudents6.cause和reason词条用法例句cause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接ofsth./doingsthamountofmoneyreason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接forsth./doingsth.thereasonforbeinglate7.problem和question词条用法problem常和困难联系，前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raisequestion常和疑问联系，多和ask,answer连用8.trip,journey,travel和voyage词条用法trip指短期的具有特定目的的旅行journey指稍长的旅途travel是最常用的，指旅行或普通出行voyage指海上航行9.sport和game词条用法sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则考点二名词的数1.可数名词及其单、复数（2023·湖南岳阳）Yueyangisoneofthetop10mostbeautiful________inChinathisyear.A．city B．cities C．citys【答案】B【详解】句意：岳阳是今年中国十大最美丽的城市之一。考查名词复数。oneof+最高级+名词复数，表示“……中最……之一”，固定句型，可排除A选项；city的复数形式为cities。故选B。1）可数名词复数的规则变化规则变化示例大多数名词在词尾加-sletter→letters,cat→cats,boy→boys,desk→desks②以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-esclass→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变y为i，再加-eshobby→hobbies,city→cities,country→countries④以o结尾的名词，大多数加-s，少数加-es加-s:radio→radios,zoo→zoos,photo→photos,piano→pianos加-es:hero→heroes,tomato→tomatoes,potato→potatoes⑤部分以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v，再加-esknife→knives,half→halves用顺口溜记住常见的把f或fe改为v加-es的单词：树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮，架后窜出一只狼，就像盗贼逃命忙。leaf树叶half一半self自己wife妻子knife小刀Shelf架子wolf狼thief贼life生命注意：可数名词可与不定冠词a/an连用，有复数形式。普通名词中个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词。2）可数名词复数的不规则变化不规则变化示例①变化元音字母构成复数foot→feet,goose→geese,tooth→teeth,man→men,woman→women②单复数形式相同sheep,deer,fish（注意：fish指鱼的数量时单复数同形；指鱼的种类时复数是fishes）③特殊变化child→children,mouse→mice,ox→oxen3）其他情况：①“某国人”变复数口诀：中日不变英法变，其余-s加后面。如：中日不变：Chinese,Japanese英法变：Englishman→Englishmen,Frenchman→Frenchmen其余-s加后面：Germans,Americans,Australians,Indians②由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数，一般将最后一个名词变为复数。如：agirlstudent→twogirlstudents,astorybook→tenstorybooks复合词中第一个词是man或woman时，两个名词都变为复数形式。如：amanworker→threemenworkers,awomandoctor→sixwomendoctors③只表示复数意义的名词：trousers,clothes,police,people,cattle（牛；家畜）④集体名词family,team,class,couple,group等视为整体时，表示单数意义；指这些集体的成员时，则表示复数意义。如：Myfamilyisalargeone.我家是个大家庭。Allmyfamilyenjoyskiing.我们全家人都喜欢滑雪。2.不可数名词不可数名词没有复数形式，不能与不定冠词a/an连用。抽象名词和物质名词一般是不可数名词。（1）常见的不可数名词物质类：air,beef,beer,bread,candy,cheese,chicken,chocolate,coffee,cotton,coal,electricity,fire,fish,food,fruit,furniture,glass,grass,gold,hair,ice,ink,juice,land,light,meat,medicine,milk,oil,paper,pork,rain,rice,salt,snow,soup,sugar,tea,water,wind,wine,wood抽象类：advice,age,beauty,danger,death,energy,fear,fun,failure,happiness,health,help,homework,housework,information,joy,love,luck,knowledge,money,music,nature,news,pleasure,progress,safety,sleep,success,surprise,time,trouble,truth,weather,work（2）不可数名词的数①不可数名词常借助于量词表示一定的数量。常见的量词有apieceof,abottleof,acupof等。如：apieceoffurniture一件家具somepiecesofpaper几张纸twobagsofrice两袋米②有些名词表示物质或抽象概念是不可数的，而在表示个体或种类时是可数的，如：Twobeers,please.请来两杯啤酒。Itwasaspecialtea.它是一种特殊的茶。Asateacher,sheisasuccess,butasamother,sheisafailurebecauseshespendslittletimelookingafterherchild.作为一名教师她是一个成功的人，但是作为一位母亲，她是一个失败者，因为她几乎没有时间照顾自己的孩子。3）有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意思不同。名词词义可数不可数change变化零钱chicken小鸡鸡肉exercise习题锻炼experience经历经验fish鱼（类）鱼肉（4）修饰可数或不可数名词的常用词：只修饰可数名词afew一些,few没几个,many很多,alargenumberof大量的只修饰不可数名词alittle一点儿,little没多少,much很多,alargeamountof大量的,agreatdealof大量的,abitof一点儿既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词some一些,any任何,alotof很多,lotsof很多,plentyof大量的考点三名词所有格（2023·湖南郴州）Myparentstookmetotheamusementparkon________Day.Thereweresomanyexcitingthingstodothere.A．Children’s B．Children C．Child’s【答案】A【详解】句意：我的父母在儿童节带我去了游乐园。在那里有很多令人兴奋的事情可做。考查名词所有格。根据“Myparentstookmetotheamusementparkon…Day.”及结合选项可知，此处表示“儿童节”，children“孩子们”，修饰名词Day应该用其所有格形式。故选A。形式用法构成示例’s所有格用于有生命的及表示时间、距离、国家、城市等的名词直接加’sMike’sbasketball迈克的篮球yesterday’snewspaper昨天的报纸以s结尾的复数名词只加’Teachers’Day教师节twentyminutes’walk步行二十分钟并列名词所有格TomandJohn’sroom汤姆和约翰的房间（共同拥有）Tom’sandJohn’srooms汤姆的房间和约翰的房间（各自拥有）of所有格主要用于无生命的名词AofBthenameofthebook书名themiddleofthepark公园中间双重所有格表示部分或其中之一AofB’s aclassmateofMary’s玛丽的一个同学somefriendsofmybrother’s我哥哥的一些朋友A名词1.TomandTimhavesome________and________.A.tomatos;chicken B.tomatoes;chickens C.tomatoes;chicken D.tomatos;chickens2.Thisis______bedroom.Theybothlikeitverymuch.A.MaryandHelen B.Mary'sandHelen'sC.Mary'sandHelen D.MaryandHelen's3.Idon’tknow________abouttheaircrashatthemeeting.Couldyoupleasegivesome________?A.whattotalk,advice B.whattosay,advice C.howtotalk,advices D.howtosay,advices4.Idon’twanttouseyourpen.Iwanttouse________.A.somebodyelse’s B.somebody’selseC.somebodyelse D.somebody’selse’s5.Nobodythoughtitiseasytofinishsomuchworkin_________.A.twodays’time B.two-daystimeC.twoday’stime D.twodaystime6.—________isitfromourschooltothesubwaystation?—It’sabout________walk.A.Howfar;tenminutes B.Howfar;tenminutes’C.Howlong;tenminutes D.Howlong;tenminutes’7.Mary’sEnglishismuchbetterthan__________intheclass.A.anystudent’s B.anyotherstudent C.anyoneelse D.anyotherstudent’s8.—Whosebikesarethese?—Theyare________.A.LilyandLucy B.Lily’sandLucy’s C.LilyandLucy’s D.Lily’sandLucy9.—Ihearsome________willgotoyourschool.—Yes.Someteachersfrom________willgetherethisafternoon.A.Germans;Germany B.Germen;Germany C.Germans;German10.(2023·武汉)—Peterwaspickedouttobeontheschoolvolleyballteam.—Hisheightgiveshimabig________.A.situation B.challenge C.achievement D.advantage11.(2023·湖北荆州)—WhatcanyoulearnfromJourneytotheWest?—Ilearnthatweshouldhaveenough_______toovercomethedifficultiesinourlife.A.danger B.success C.courage D.excitement12.(2023·江苏扬州)—WhatplacesofinterestarethereinYangzhou?—IrecommendtheSlenderWestLake.Aboattourisawonderful________!A.movement B.attraction C.experience D.research13.(2023·沈阳)Bettyiscrazyaboutmusic.Herdreamistobea________.A.scientist B.painter C.musician D.writer14.(2023·山东滨州)—What’syoursecretofwritingsowell?—Ireadalot,andtheworksofLuXunhadastrong

________

onmeasachild.A.difference B.attention C.situation D.influence15.—IhaveinlearningEnglishandI'msoworried.Couldyouhelpmewithit?—Sure,I'dloveto.A.joyB.interestC.troubleD.fun16.—HaveyoudecidedwhattowriteaboutGulliverinLilliputinthereport?—I'mnotsure.MaybeIneedtoreadsome________aboutitbeforewriting.A.reasons B.rewards C.results D.reviews17.—InChina,weuseredpaperforhongbaobecauseredmeansgoodluck.—That'sinteresting!IwanttoknowalltheChinese________.A.traditions B.sentencesC.notices D.problems18.Forhisson’sbirthday,Stevenistakinghimtothenewmovieasa.

A.task B.treat C.choice D.visit19.Youcanseetheinourfaceswhenwetalkaboutthegreatachievementsinthepast70years.A.doubt B.pride C.regret D.ability20.BeijingOperaisanimportantpartofChinese________.A.culture B.inventionC.condition D.introduction21.—IsthisphototakeninTibet？—Yes.Youcanseebeautifulsnowmountainintheofthephoto. A.form B.background C.shape D.introduction22.Inaconversationbetweentwopersons,65%of________isdonethroughbodylanguage.A.information B.pronunciation C.introduction D.communication23.Thesungivesoutlightand.Withoutthesun,therewillbenolifeontheearth.A.temperature B.beauty C.heat D.peace24.—Wehaveenteredaworldwhererobotoperationsbecometruewith5Gtechnology.—Hardtobelieve!Scientistsarefullofwhichleadstogreatchangesinourlife.

A.attraction B.inventionC.position D.contribution25.Listeningtomusicandwatchingfilmsarebothrelaxingformsof_______.A.achievement B.agreementC.development D.entertainment26.—What'sthe________oftravelingbybike?—Itcansavemoney，keepushealthyanddoesnotpollutetheair.A.purposeB.suggestionC.advantage D.knowledge28.—Boysandgirls,pleasefollowmy_______whenyouareinthelab.—OK,MissWang.A.conversations B.licenses C.instruction D.habits29.Frommy________onthetopoftheTVtower,Icanhaveaperfectviewofourcity.A.tradition B.condition C.position D.situation30.-It'sdangeroustodriveafterdrinking.-That'strue.Itcanincreasethe______oftrafficaccidents.A.advantage B.stress C. safety D.risk31.Lifeislikeridingabicycle.Tokeepyour_______,youmustkeepmoving.A.promise B.position C.balance D.ability32.—Theygavetheirdifferent___________onyournewplanlastnight.Whatdoyouthinkofthem?—Mostofthemarepractical,andI’dliketoacceptthem.A.reasonsB.commentsC.resultsD.excuse33.—Whatdoyouwanttobeinthefuture?—Iwanttobea___________becauseIwanttoshowpeoplethemostpopularclothes.A.hostB.modelC.writerD.modern34.Peterisinterestedinreadingbooksaboutanimalsandplants.Hehasareal______ofanimals，birdsandflowers.A.courage B.knowledge C.energy D.experience35.Asuddenwindfall，whichmakesamangetrichquickly，maybreakthebalanceofaperson'slife."Windfall"inthesentencemeans______.A.advantage B.discovery C.agreement D.wealth36.Tospreadourtraditionalculture，manyteenagerscameupwithnew.Forexample，Suansuan，acollegestudent，haspostedover50videosonBilibilitoshowherloveforourculture.A.methods B.messages C.meanings D.medicines37.Thelittlegirlhassuchagood______thatshecankeepthenamesofallherclassmatesinmindonthefirstdayatschool.A.experience B.suggestion C.collection D.memory38.Ifyoudon'tknowhowtofixthemachine，justfollowthe______.A.introductionsB.resolutions C.predictions D.instructions39.ThoughZhongNanshanisinhiseighties，hemakesgreat__________tothemedicaldevelopment.Ican'tagreemore.Heismyhero.A.celebrationB.conversation C.contribution D.collection40.I'vecometothe______thatLydiaistherightpersontomakefriendswith.Sheisfriendly，helpfulandhonest.A.information B.direction C.conclusion D.invitation第二部分：冠词冠词是一种虚词，是名词的一种标志，不能独立担任任何句子成分，只能附着在一个名词上，帮助说明其词义。对于冠词的考查，往往集中于a、an的用法区别，定冠词的用法，不用冠词的情况，习惯用语中冠词的用法等几个方面。考查形式以单项选择为主，有时也会在完形填空、完成句子等类型的题目中出现。在学习过程中，不但要掌握不同类型的冠词的用法，还要注意习惯搭配中的冠词的使用情况。中考考查重点：一、冠词的用法；二、不用冠词的情况；1.（2023·江苏镇江）ItissaidthatPandaYaYawilllive________restofherlifeinherhometown,China.A.a B.an C.the D.不填【答案】C【解析】句意：据说熊猫丫丫将在她的家乡中国度过余生。考查冠词用法。livetherestofone’slife“度过余生”，固定搭配。故选C。2.（2023·广州·语法选择）But_____lastonethatcameoutwasnotstrongatall.A.a B.an C.the D./【答案】C【解析】句意：但是最后一只鸟出来了，并没有那么强壮。a/an是不定冠词，表示泛指。a用在辅音音素前；an用在元音音素前。the是定冠词，表示特指。此处特指最后一只鸟，用the。故选C。考向1冠词的分类分类说明例子不定冠词a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前agift一份礼物，aplane一架飞机，ausefulbook一本有用的书an用于以元音音素开头的单词前anhour一小时，anapple一个苹果，anhonestgirl一个诚实的女孩定冠词the只有一种形式，一般用于特指thepenyouwritewith你写字的钢笔，theChinesemovie那部中国影片考向2冠词的基本用法一、不定冠词a、an的用法1.a和an都用于可数名词单数前，泛指人和物。表示可数事物中的一个。但两者用法有区别：（1）若随后的单词以辅音音素开头，用a。如：alotof，agoodidea，apear。（2）若随后的单词以元音音素开头，用an。如：anexample，anorange，anapple。二、定冠词the的用法用法例子1.用于特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。Thisisthecitywheremygrandfatheroncelived.2.用于指谈话双方知道的人或事物。Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?3.用于复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用＂a或an＂，以后再次提到用＂the＂）Jimlivesinasmallvillage.Inthevillage,thereisanoldtree.4.用在序数词和形容词最高级前。Springisthefirstseasonofayear.ThisisthemostinterestingmovieIhaveeverseen.5.用于表示方向、方位的名词前。intheeast在东方 inthefront在前面 attheback在后面inthebottom在底部 6.用在世界上独一无二的事物或乐器前。thesun,themoon,playthepiano7.用于姓氏的复数前表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。TheTurnersareatbreakfasttable.8.与某些形容词连用表示一类人或事物。Theyoungshouldhelptheold.9.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。theGreatWall,theUnitedStates10用在西洋乐器单数可数名词前。playthepiano弹钢琴 playtheviolin拉小提琴13.用在某些固定的表达法。inthemorning在早上 intheafternoon在下午intheevening在晚上 gotothecinema去看电影intheworld在世界上 alltheyearround一年到头onthewayto在去……去的路上三、不用冠词的情况用法例子1.在专有名词或不可数名词前。Paperismadeofwood.2.名词前有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词作定语。Goalongthisroad.EverystudentlikesEnglishinourclass.3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。Myparentsareteachers.4.在节日、日期、月份、季节前。TodayisChildren’sDay.It’shotinsummer.5.在一日三餐、球类运动、学科的名词前。Hewenttoschoolwithoutbreakfast.Let’splayfootballafterschool.6.在某些固定短语中。inbed,inhospital,onfoot,atschool1.Ifyouwanttotake__________shortrideinthecity,choose__________sharedbike.A.a;／ B.the;the C.a;a D.／;a2.QingdaoisabeautifulcitythatliesineastofChina.A.an B./ C.the D.a3.Danielhad_______egg,apieceofbreadandaglassofmilkforbreakfastthismorning.A.a B.an C.the D./4.-Peter,shallwegoforapicnicthisSunday?-OK.Let'sadditto_____________weekendplan.A.a B.an C.the D.／5.Ilikeplaying________piano,butJerrylikesplaying________football.A.the;a B.the;/ C./;the D.a;an6.Ifyougoto________Britain,don’tforgettovisit________BritishMuseum.It’sa30-minutebusridefrom________RiverThames.A.the;/;/ B.the;the;/ C./;/;the D./;the;the7.Danielhad_______egg,apieceofbreadandaglassofmilkforbreakfastthismorning.A.a B.an C.the D./8.—Thereis________uniforminthesoccerclub.—Is________uniformBob’s?A.a;the B.an;the C.an;an D.the;an9.I’vehad______badheadacheallday,soIthinkI’llgoto______bedearly.A.a;不填 B.不填;the C.不填；不填 D.a;the10.Howdoyougoto________work?Iusuallytake_________bus.A.the;a B./;a C.a;a D.the;／11.Tomlikesplaying_______pianowhileTimlikesplaying________football.A.the...theB./...the C.the.../ D./.../12.Ihave_________Europeanpenfriend,andhelikesplaying________guitar.A.an;/ B.an;the C.a;/ D.a;the第三部分：代词（一）备考指南代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词和疑问代词等。代词几乎是每年中考的考查部分，近三年中考的考查仍集中在不定代词上，所考题量占所考代词的60%以上。试题注重语境和情境，要求能够根据真实的语言环境运用各类代词。1.（2023·武汉）—TherearemanycelebrationsinthecomingDragonBoatFestival.—Soundsveryinteresting.Idon’twanttomiss________.A.it B.any C.none D.one【答案】B【解析】句意：——在即将到来的端午节有许多庆祝活动。——听起来很有趣。我不想错过任何一个。考查代词辨析。it它；any任何；none没有一个；one一个。根据“Soundsveryinteresting.Idon’twanttomiss”可知不想错过任何一个活动，用any。故选B。2.（2023·扬州）Thechildrenhavepaintedsince________couldfirstpickupabrush.A.they B.them C.their D.themselves【答案】A【解析】句意：孩子们从第一次拿起画笔就开始画画了。考查代词。they他们，主格；them他们，宾格；their他们的，形容词性物主代词；themselves他们自己，反身代词。空处作从句的主语，应用主格，故选A。3.（2023·安徽）Ilikethosebooks!WhenIgetmypocketmoney,Iwillbuy________.A.it B.that C.them D.ones【答案】C【解析】句意：我喜欢那些书！当我有零花钱的时候，我就会买一些。考查代词辨析。it它；that那个；them它们；ones一些。根据“Ilikethosebooks!WhenIgetmypocketmoney,Iwillbuy…”可知，此处指“我”有钱时会买上文中提到的thosebooks“那些书”，books是复数，故用them指代。故选C。一、人称代词人称代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数汉语我我们你你们他她它他们主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouyouhimheritthem二、物主代词物主代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数汉语我的我们的你的你们的他的她的它的他们的形容词性myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs注意：1.人称代词在句子中作主语时用主格，作及物动词或介词的宾语时用宾格。如：Hegoestoschoolonfoot.Hetoldmethathewouldgothere.BobisgoingtoShanghaionholidaywithher.2.人称代词作表语时用宾格。如：—Whoisknockingatthedoor?—It’sme,Tom.3.形容词性物主代词只能用在名词前作定语，修饰名词。如：Theyaredoingtheirhomework.4.名词性物主代词在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语。如：—Whosebookisthis?—It’smine.Yoursisunderthetable.Iusuallytidymyroom.Youshouldtidyyours.三、反身代词反身代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数汉语我自己我们自己你自己你们自己他自己她自己它自己他们自己myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves1）作宾语，表示反身代词与主语是同一人。Thegirlistooyoungtolookafterherself.这个女孩年纪太小，不能照顾自己。UncleChenteacheshimselfEnglish.陈叔叔自学英语。（2）作表语，常用于be,feel,seem,look等系动词之后，用来描述感觉、情绪或状态。Heisnothimselftoday.他今天不舒服。I’mnotfeelingmyselftoday.我今天不太舒服。（3）作同位语，表示强调，译成“亲自”“本人”。Youmustdoityourself.你必须自己做。Imyselfdidthehomeworklastnight.昨晚是我自己做的家庭作业。（4）用于固定搭配中。byoneself独自；单独cometooneself苏醒dressoneself自己穿衣服enjoyoneself玩得开心helponeselfto随便吃……四、指示代词1.定义：表示＂这个＂＂那个＂＂这些＂＂那些＂等指示概念的代词叫指示代词。单数复数含义this这个these这此指较近的人或物that那个those那些指较远的人或物（1）可作主语、宾语、表语。Thisismymother.这是我妈妈。ThoseareJack’sbooks.那些是杰克的书。Iliketheseandshelikesthose.我喜欢这些，她喜欢那些。WhatIwanttosayisthis.我想说的就是这点。（2）为避免重复，可用that和those代替前面提到的名词。ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthanthatofAmerica.中国人口比美国人口多得多。(that=thepopulation)（3）在打电话时，通常用this指自己，用that指对方。—Hello!Whoisthat?你好，请问是哪位？五、不定代词不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名称和形容词，表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。1.不定代词的句法功能不定代词成分all，both，each，neither，either，much，little，many，few，other，some，any，one在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语everyone，everybody，everything，someone，somebody，something，anyone，anybody，anything，noone，nobody，nothing，none在句中可作主语、宾语和表语every，no在句中只能作定语不定代词的基本语法（1）some、any的用法不定代词用法示例some①用于肯定句中，意为“一些人/事”，指代复数名词或不可数名词Someareteachers;somearestudents.有些人是老师，有些人是学生。Hereissomeoftheiradvice.这是他们的一些建议。②用于疑问句中，表示请求、建议或期望得到肯定回答Thecaketastesgood.Wouldyoulikesome?这蛋糕味道很好。你想要一些吗？any①多用于否定句、疑问句中，意为“任何数量；任何一些”，指代复数名词或不可数名词Ineedsomesciencebooks.Arethereanyinthebookshop?我需要一些科学书，书店里有吗？Pleasebuysomemilk.Thereisn’tanyleftinthefridge.请买些牛奶。冰箱里一点也没有了。②用于肯定句中，表示“任一”Ihavethreedictionaries.Youmayuseany.我有三本词典，你随便用哪一本都可以。（2）few，afew，little，alittle的用法用法用于可数名词用于不可数名词表示肯定概念afew虽少，但有几个alittle虽少，但有一点表示否定概念few不多，几乎没有little不多，没有什么（3）other，theother，others，theothers，another的用法用法例句other某一个，另一些，其他的。不能单独使用，后面要跟单数名词或复数名词，泛指别的Wherearehisotherbooks?他的另一些书在哪里?others其他。必须单独使用，泛指别人或别的东西，常用于＂some...others＂结构Somearered,andothersareblack.一些是红的，另一些是黑的。theother两个中的另一个，剩下的一个。特指，常用于＂one...theother...＂结构Shehastwosisters—oneisanurse,andtheotherisateacher.她有两个姐姐，一个是护士，另一个是老师。theothers其他全部，其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部InourclassonlyTommyisEnglish,andtheothersareChinese.我们班除了汤米是英国人外，其他都是中国人。another另一个(指多个中的任何一个)，可单独用，也可接单数名词或名词复数，表示＂另几个，再几个＂Youcanseeanothershipinthesea,can’tyou?你能看见另一艘船在海里，不是吗?（4）all，both，none，either，neither的用法不定代词含义作主语时谓语动词的数示例both两者都复数Bothofusareinterestedinthefilm.我们俩都对这部电影感兴趣。either两者中的任何一个单数DoeseitherofyouknowMrLi?你们两人中有任何一个认识李先生吗？neither两者都不单数Neitherofthemisright.他们两个都不对。all三者（或以上）都复数Allofusarelookingforwardtotheholiday.我们都期待着假期的到来。any三者（或以上）中的任何一个单数Youcanreadanyofthesebooks.你可以读这些书中的任何一本。none三者（或以上）都不单数/复数Noneoftheworkerswants/wanttoworkonweekends.没有一个工人想在周末工作。（5）复合不定代词的用法由some，any，every，no与one，body，thing一起构成的代词叫复合不定代词，如something，everybody，anyone，nothing等。由one和body构成的复合不定代词可相互换用。用法例句复合不定代词一般用作单数，在句中作主语、宾语或表语Nobodyisaliment.没有人缺席。(主语)Doyouneedanything?你需要点什么吗?(宾语)Grammarisnoteverything.语法不是全部。(表语)复合不定代词被定语修饰时，定语须放在它们后面Thereisnothingwrongwiththeradio.收音机没有什么问题。由some构成的复合不定代词用法与some类似，而由any构成的复合不定代词用法与any类似。当any构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句时，常表示＂无论什么东西，随便什么东西/事情＂There’salwayssomebodyathomeintheevenings.晚上总有人在家。Isthereanythinginterestinginthenewspaper?报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗？（6）each和every不定代词用法示例each指两者或两者以上中的每一个，强调个体；可与of连用Weeachhaveanewschoolbag.=Eachofushasanewschoolbag.我们每人有一个新书包。every只作形容词，不单独使用；指三者或以上的整体中的每一个，侧重于整体；不可直接与of连用Sheknowseverystudentintheschool.她认识学校里的每一个学生。Everyoneofherstudentslikesherverymuch.她的每个学生都非常喜欢她。（7）疑问代词who谁(主格)whom谁(宾格)whose谁的(所有格)what什么(人、物)which哪一个、哪些(人、物)1.—Arethosebooks________?—No,theyarenotmine.Theybelongto________.A.yours；he B.yours；his C.yours；him D.your,he2.—Whoare______,Jimmy?

—Mygrandparents.AndIlove_______verymuch(非常).A.they;theyB.them;themC.they;themD.them;they3.Theseare________e-dogs.Pleasegive________to________.A.their,it,them B.her,them,hersC.his,it,him D.my,them,me4.MissFangteaches_________Englishthisterm.A.we B.ours C.ourselves D.us4.—Isthisyourpen?—No,it’snot________.It’s________A.my;his B.mine;your C.mine;hers D.his;hers5.—DoesthenewteacherMrLinteach________Chinese?—No,________ChineseteacherisMissLi.________knowsMrLin.A.your;our;Her B.you;ours;Her C.your;ours;She D.you;our;She6.Nancy’s______mostsuccessfulmomentcamein______forties.A./;her B.the;her C.the;hers D./;hers7.Whenyoufind_____inadangeroussituation,rightdecisionswillmake______possibleforyoutogetoutofdanger.A.you;it B.you;it’s C.yourself;it D.yourself;it’s8.Don’ttouchthemachine,children,oryoumayhurt________.A.yourself B.myself C.themselves D.yourselves9.Iadviseyounottoshow________ontheWeChatbecauseitmaycausetrouble.A.anythingpersonal B.personalanythingC.somethingpersonal D.personalsomething10.—Whichshirtwouldyoulike,thewhiteoneortheblackone?—________.Theyaretooexpensiveforme.I’lltaketheblueone.A.Both B.All C.Neither D.Either11.Differentpeoplehavedifferenthobbies.Somelikereadingbooks,and________likedrawingpictures.A.theother B.others C.another D.theothers12.—Myparentswantmetobeadoctor,butI’mnotsureaboutthat.—Don’tworry.Justmakesureyoudoyourbest.Thenyoucanbe________youwant!A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything13.ThecarsmadeinJapanaremuchcheaperthan

________madeinAmerica.A.ones B.those C.that D.it14.—IsyourfriendAmystillinAmerica?—Idon’tknow.Ihave______informationaboutherbecausewehaven’tseeneachotherfor______years.A.alittle;afew B.little;afew C.afew;alittle D.few;alittle15.Thoughitwasraininghardoutside,wecouldsee________peopleinthestreet.A.few B.afew C.alittle D.little16.—Itsnowshardthismorning.Iseveryoneheretoday?—Yes,________ofusislateforschool.A.either B.both C.none D.neither17.—Whichdoyouprefer,juiceortea?—________isOK.Idon’tcare.A.All B.Either C.Neither D.Both18.—Daniel,couldyoupleasehelpmeopenthebox?—I’dliketo,butIhaveabagoffruitinmylefthand,andtwobagsofvegetablesinmy________hand.A.theother B.another C.others D.other19.Thetwinsisterswereverytiredontheirwayhome,but________ofthemwouldstopforarest.A.either B.neither C.none D.both20.—Isthisnewbook________?—No,________isold.A.your;my B.hers;her C.yours;mine D.his;my21.Peoplealwayssay________isimpossibleifweworkhard.SoIdreamofhaving________bettergradeinthecomingexam.A.nothing;the B.anything;the C.nothing;a D.everything;a22.—Tellme,Grandma.________isyourfavouritepersoninthewholewideworld?—That’seasy!It’syou!A.What B.Who C.How D.Whom23.________isourdutytomakeourcountrybetterandstronger.A.It B.This C.That D.One24.—Ms.Walker,thankyouformakingmefeellikeIam________.—I’mgladyoubecomeconfidentnow.A.everybody B.nobody C.somebody D.anybody25.Thereisn’t________intheclassroom.AllthestudentsarehavingaPElessonintheplayground.（2022年江苏）Asomebody B.anybody C.nobody D.everybody26.—Ihave________butpraiseforthepolicebecausetheyoftenhelppeopleoutoftrouble.—Yes,they’rewellworthpraising.A.everything B.nothing C.anything D.something27.Inourschool,________studentslikeEnglish,but________ofthemcanspeakitsmoothly(流利地).A.alittle;afew B.afew;fewC.afew;little D.alittle;few28.Lookatthesign,please.Youcanparkyourcaron________sideofthestreet.A.both B.other C.either D.all29.ThegravityonMarsisonlyaboutthereeighthsof________ontheEarth.A.that B.those C.one D.ones30.—Is________here?—Yes.Weareallready.A.somebody B.neither C.everybody D.none31.—Fourchildrenwerewalkingunderasmallumbrella.________ofthemgotwet.Canyouguesswhy?—Becauseitwasnotraining!A.All B.None C.Most D.Some32.—TherearemainlysixkindsofteainChina.Whichisyourfavorite?—Greentea,Iguess.I’vetriedblacktea,greenteaandsoon,and________ofthemhavetheirspecialtastes.A.all B.both C.none D.neither第四部分：介词介词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用介词的能力。中考考查重点：1.介词辨析；2.介词短语辨析。介词是一种虚词，它不能单独担任句子成分，必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语，才能担任句子成分。1.(2023·武汉)PleasebringMs.Steentothewelcomeparty________tellinghersothatshecanbesurprised.A.about B.from C.without D.for【答案】C【解析】句意：请带Ms.Steen参加欢迎晚会，不要告诉她，这样她会感到惊讶的。考查介词辨析。about关于；from从；without没有；for为了。根据“tellinghersothatshecanbesurprised.”可知不告诉她，她才会惊讶。故选C。2.(2023·十堰)—________mysurprise,therestaurantisaactuallyverynice.—Theserviceisalsogreat.A.In B.