高中英语译林版必修4Unit2Section3

Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Youwillhavetogoearly;otherwise(不然),youmaynotgetaseat.2．Itshouldn'ttaketoolongtogetbacktoouroldroutine(惯例)．3．Suchheavygoodsareexpensivetotransport(运输)byplane.4．Ihadtwoslicesoftoast(烤面包片)atbreakfast.Ⅱ.拓展词汇5．citizenn．公民；居民→citizenshipn．公民权利；公民身份6．associationn．协会，社团；关联；联想→associatevt.把……联系在一起7．originn．起源，起因；出身→originaladj.起初的8．outdoorsadv.往户外，在户外→indoors(反义词)在室内，往室内9．frequentadj.频繁的，经常发生的→frequentlyadv.频繁地10．techniquen．技术，工艺，技巧→techniciann．技术人员[巧记单词]例词规律派生词citizen＋­ship→citizenshipn.＋­ship→n.frequent＋­ly→frequentlyadj.＋­ly→adv.Ⅲ.补全短语1．getaround 旅行，到处走动2．plentyof许多，大量3．atleast至少4．takeashower淋浴5．protect..._from...保护……免受……6．bytheway顺便说一下7．eupwith想出，提出8．payattentionto注意9．changeone'smind改变主意10．betruefor符合，适用于11．berelatedto与……有关12．lookoutfor注意，当心……13．besimilarto和……相似14．bepopularwith受到……的欢迎15．stareat凝视16．playarolein在……中发挥作用；在……中扮演角色1．[教材原句]WhatwedoknowisthatitbeganinEnglandinthe1890s.我们真正知道的是它于十九世纪九十年代开始于英格兰。[句型点拨]强调谓语动词。[佳句赏析]Whatwedohavetothinkaboutishumantohumaninteractionintheeraofsocialnetworking.我们真正需要考虑的是在社交网络时代人与人之间的互动。2．[教材原句]Manyplayersbelievetabletennisisnotonlyaphysicalgamebutapsychologicalgameaswell.许多运动员认为，乒乓球运动不仅是一项体能运动，而且也是一项精神运动。[句型点拨]并列连词notonly...but...aswell。[佳句赏析]Weshouldnotonlydeveloptheareasalongthecoast,butthecentralandwesternareasaswell.我们不仅应该发展沿海地区，也应该发展中西部地区。3．[教材原句]Ihopethisinformationwillbeofusetoyou.我希望此信息将会对你有用。[句型点拨]“beof＋n.”结构。[佳句赏析]Ihopetohavefrequentconversationswithyou,whichwillbeofusetoyou.我希望能常常同你谈谈，这会对你有用处。1．(教材P27)Whenyouhavefinished,trytoeupwithtwomoreeventsforeachcategory.当你完成后，每一种类尽量再提出两个项目。eupwith想出，提出(主意、计划、回答等)①Hecameupwithsomegoodideasfortheproductpromotion.他想出了一些推广产品的好主意。②Haveyoue_up_withsomenewideasabouttheuniverserecently?最近你提出了一些宇宙新观念吗？[名师点津]eupwith“提出，想出”，其主语是sb.；eup“被提出”，其主语是sth.,如问题、观点、建议等。③Somenewissuescameupattheconference.在会上一些新问题被提出来。[联想发散]请完成下列与e有关的常用短语。①eabout发生②eacross(偶然)遇见/发现③etrue成为现实，实现④eout出来；长出；出版；结果是⑤eto共计；达成；苏醒2．(教材P31)Otherwise,youmayhurtyourself.否则，你可能会伤着你自己。otherwiseadv.&conj.否则，不然；除此之外，在其他方面①Turnoffthegaswhenthemilkboils.Otherwiseitwillbespilt.牛奶煮沸后就关掉煤气，不然牛奶会溢出来的。②Seizethechance,otherwiseyou'llregret.抓住这个机会吧，否则你会后悔的。[名师点津](1)otherwise用作连词时可与or互换。(2)otherwise用于虚拟语气中。这种虚拟语气的句子称为含蓄条件句。③Heisill,otherwisehewouldstillbeworkinginsteadoflyinghere.他生病了，否则他会仍然在工作而不是躺在这儿。④Weweredelayedattheairport.Otherwisewewould_have_been_herebylunchtime.我们在机场耽搁了，否则午饭前就可以到这里了。3．(教材P35)ReadtheseleafletsfromtheSportsAssociation,andparethemwithhis/herdailyroutine.阅读这些来自运动协会的传单，把它们与他/她的日常生活作一下比较。associationn．协会，社团；关联；联想(1)inassociationwith与……有关联，与……联合associationwith...和……的关联/交往；……的联想(2)associatevt.联想，联系n.同事associate...with...把……和……联系起来(3)associatedadj.有关联的，相关的beassociatedwith...和……有联系①Weareworkinginassociationwithanumberoflocalpaniestoraisemoneyforthehomeless.我们与本地一些公司联合为无家可归的人筹款。②Sheassociatedhappinesswithhavingmoney.她把幸福和有钱联想到一起。③Inchildren'sminds,summersare_associated_withpicnics.在孩子们看来，夏天总是和野餐连在一起的。routinen．&.adj.常规(的)；例行公事(的)④Wemustintroducesomesystemsintoourofficeroutine.我们必须在我们的日常公务中建立一些制度。(1)dailyroutine日常生活；例行公事asamatterofroutine定期breaktheroutine打破常规(2)routinetasks日常工作aroutinetest/check/examination常规检测/检查/体检⑤Wemustcleanandrepairmachinesas_a_matter_of_routine.我们必须定期清洗和修理机器。⑥Thisisjustaroutinemedicalexamination,nothingtoworryabout.这只是个常规体检，没什么可担心的。4．(教材P36)Theexactoriginoftabletennisisnotknown.乒乓球运动的确切起源还不清楚。originn．(又作origins)起源，起因；出身(1)haveone'sorigin(s)in起源于byorigin依据血缘；从血缘来看inorigin本质上；从起源上看(2)originaladj.原来的，起初的①Thisbookisabouttheoriginsoflifeonearth.该书是关于地球上生命的起源的。②Manyoftheenvironmentalproblemshadtheiroriginsinfierceeconomicpetition.许多环境问题起源于激烈的经济竞争。③ManyAmericansareAfricanby_origin.许多美国人是非洲血统。④SomeJapanesewordsareChinesein_origin.有些日本文字起源于中文。5．Manyplayersbelievetabletennisisnotonlyaphysicalgamebutapsychologicalgameaswell.许多运动员认为，乒乓球运动不仅是一项体能运动，而且也是一项精神运动。notonly...but(also)...表示“不但……而且……”，这是一个连词词组，用来连接两个并列的成分，如主语、宾语或谓语等。此句型中，butalso可用but...aswell代替。(1)notonly...butalso连接两个相同的句子成分。(2)butalso可连用，也可分开；also还可以省略。(3)连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的形式应与就近的一个保持一致。(4)notonly后接句子放在句首时，它所在的分句要用部分倒装结构，但是butalso所在的分句不倒装。①JackieChanisnotonlyanactorbutalsoadirector.成龙不仅是演员，而且还是导演。②Suchachangewouldimprovenotonlyhissocialimagebuthishealthaswell.这样的变化不仅会提高他的社会形象，而且会改善他的健康。③Notonlyyoubutalsoshehas_to_attendtheceremony.不仅你而且她也得参加典礼。④Notonlyhas_the_poor_man_been_fined,_butalsohehasbeensenttoprison.这个可怜的人不仅被罚款，而且他还被送进了监狱。6．Ihopethisinformationwillbeofusetoyou.我希望这个信息将会对你有用。(1)本句中的beofuse属于“beof＋n.”结构，相当于“be＋形容词”，类似的名词有value,help,use,importance,interest,benefit等，名词前面可用no,some,any,little,much,great等修饰。①Theorywithoutpracticeisoflittlehelp.没有实践的理论是没有什么帮助的。(2)beof＋size/age/shape/length/depth/color/weight/width/height/quality...也可以表示事物的性质和特征，名词前一般加不定冠词或thesame。这个结构中的名词没有相应的形容词形式。②Theyareofthesamesizebutofadifferentcolor.它们型号一样但颜色不同。③Friends_of_my_agehavegonetothecitytotrytheirfortune.和我同龄的朋友们都去城市碰运气了。Ⅰ.单项填空1．Shealways________thesmelloffreshbreadwithheraunt,wholovedbaking.A．associatedB．connectedC．attributedD．contributed解析：选A句意：她总是把新鲜面包的味道与她婶婶联系起来，她婶婶很喜欢烤面包。associate意为“(在思想上)把……联系在一起”，后常与with连用；connect意为“连接；联系”，指联系有形的物体；attribute意为“把……归因于；把(过错等)归于”，后接介词to;contribute意为“捐款，捐助”。2．Everyoneistryingto________abetterideatopersuadehimtostay.A．putoutB．eacrossC．eupwithD．putupwith解析：选C考查动词短语辨析。句意：每个人都在努力想出一个更好的主意劝他留下。putout“扑灭”；eacross“偶遇”；eupwith“提出，想出”；putupwith“忍受”。3．Shelikesdoingthingsaccordingly,anddoesn'tlikeherwork________beinginterrupted.A．drillB．loadC．regulationD．routine解析：选D句意：她喜欢按部就班地做事情，不喜欢日常工作被打断。drill“操练”；load“负荷”；regulation“规则”；routine“常规，例行公事，日常事务”。4．Mr.ClarkworkinginourpanyisfromtheUnitedStates.ButheisaCanadianby________.A．originB．natureC．sourceD．history解析：选A句意：在我们公司工作的克拉克先生是从美国来的。但论出身，他是加拿大人。byorigin“论出身”；bynature“天生的”。5．—DidyougettimelyhelpfromJane?—No.Shewasbusy.Otherwise,we________whatwewantedfromherintime.A．hadgotB．couldhavegotC．musthavegotD．wouldget解析：选Botherwise“否则，要不然”，用在含蓄条件句中，此处是与过去事实相反的假设，所以用couldhavegot。6．—WhydidyoubuyheraTeddyBearasherbirthdaypresent?—Becauseshe________likeit.A．doesB．didC．doesn'tD．didn't解析：选A考查对谓语的强调。句意：“为什么你送给她Teddy熊作生日礼物呢？”“因为她真的喜欢。”她喜欢是一贯行为，故用现在时。7．________readnewspapersforpleasure,butalsotoimprovetheirminds.A．NotonlyoldmenB．NotonlyoldmendoC．NotonlydooldmenD．Oldmennotonlydo解析：选C考查倒装语序。notonly位于句首(不是修饰主语)，它所在的句子用部分倒装语序，所以C项正确。8．Childrenneedfriends________theirownagetoplaywith.A．ofB．forC．inD．at解析：选A考查介词搭配。of与age构成固定搭配。friendsoftheirownage意思是“他们的同龄朋友们”。Ⅱ.语境翻译当我们运输(transport)东西的时候，我们总是选择卡车。但是现在人们外出(outdoors)时喜欢选择原始的(original)交通方式，像自行车。它确实不仅(notonly)对我们的健康而且(butalso)对环境有好处。当有些人提出(eupwith)类似这样的低碳生活的时候，很多人创建了协会(association)来支持这个观点。Whenwetransportthings,wealwayschoosetrucks.Butnowadayspeopleliketochooseoriginaltransportationlikebikeswhentheygooutdoors.Itdoesdogoodfornotonlyourhealthbutourenvironment.Whensomeonecameupwithlow­carbonlifelikethis,manypeoplecreatedassociationstoapproveofthisidea.[对应学生课下能力提升(六)]Ⅰ.单项填空1.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe________agoal.A．hadscoredB．scoredC．wouldscoreD．wouldhavescored解析：选D考查虚拟语气及动词的时态。句意：他在踢球前犹豫了一下，要不然的话他就进球得分了。这是otherwise引起的虚拟语气，由hesitated可以看出这是发生在过去的事情，在主句中对于过去的虚拟，谓语动词应该用wouldhavedone，故选D项。2．Iwillappreciateitifyou________agoodwaytopromoteournewproducts.A．eupwithB．putupwithC．catchupwithD．keepupwith解析：选A考查短语辨析。eupwith“想出，提出”；putupwith“忍受”；catchupwith“赶上”；keepupwith“跟上，不落后”。理解句意可知，题干表示“你要是想出一个宣传我们产品的好办法，我会很感激的”，因此A项符合句意。3．—Shelocksthedoorandplacesatableagainstitbeforeshegoestobedeverynight.—Butis________necessarytobesocautious?A．sheB．thatC．itD．this解析：选C本题考查it用法。分析句子结构和理解句意“但是有必要如此小心吗”可知，tobesocautious是真正的主语，前面应该用it作形式主语，故选C项。4．Wealwayskeep________sparepaper,incasewerunout.A．toomuchB．anumberofC．plentyofD．agoodmany解析：选Cpaper为不可数名词，排除B项和D项，句意应为“充足的纸”而不是“太多的纸”，所以用plentyof。5．ChristmasDayisusuallycelebratedonDecember25th________thebirthofJesusChrist.A．inpraiseofB．inhonourofC．intermsofD．inassociationwith解析：选B考查介词短语辨析。句意：人们通常把十二月二十五日定为圣诞日以纪念耶稣基督的诞辰；inpraiseof“称赞”；inhonourof“纪念”；intermsof“在……方面”；inassociationwith“与……在一起，与……联合”。6．They've________theoldtrainstationintoasciencemuseum.A．transportedB．transmittedC．transplantedD．transformed解析：选D考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们已经把那个旧火车站改造成了一座科学博物馆。transport“运输”；transmit“传播，传送，(疾病的)传染”；transplant“移植，移栽”；transform“改造，改观”。根据句意选D项。7．WhenhearrivedinAmerica,hewassurprisedtoknowthatthemayorofthecitywasChineseby________.A．causeB．reasonC．traditionD．origin解析：选D考查名词词义辨析。cause“起因，理由”；reason“原因，理由”；tradition“传统”；origin“起源，由来”，符合题意。句意：当他到达美国时，他惊讶地得知这个城市的市长竟然是华人。8．Theexperiencesare________toyourchildren,sojustletthemtakepartintheseoutdooractivities.A．muchsignificanceB．ofmuchsignificanceC．ofverysignificantD．muchsignificant解析：选B本题考查“of＋抽象名词”的用法。beofmuchsignificance表示“很有意义的”。9．________onlydoIknowher,butIamherbestfriendwhocanshareherjoyandsorrow.A．IfB．EvenC．NotD．Too解析：选C考查常用短语的用法。notonly...but(also)．..“不但……而且”为并列连词，连接两个并列分句。notonly位于句首时，它所引导的分句用部分倒装结构。10．—Jack,youseeminhighspirits.—________Wewonthematch4­0.A．Guesswhat?B．Sowhat?C．Nowonder.D．Nodoubt.解析：选A考查交际用语。根据第一句可判断，第二句表示“猜猜发生什么事情了？我们以4比0赢了比赛”。故选A项。B项表示“那又怎么样”；C项表示“难怪，怪不得”；D项表示“无疑，很可能”。均不符合语境。Ⅱ.阅读理解ARecently,agroupofscientistsandpsychologistsdecidedtofindoutwhatthefunniestjokeintheworldwas.Thiswasobviouslyadifficulttask,asnotwopeopleeverreallyagreeaboutwhatisfunnyandwhatisnot—especiallywhenthey'refromdifferentcountries.Hereisthejoketheychoseasthefunniestjokeintheworld.Twohuntersareinthewoods.Oneofthemfallstotheground.Hedoesn'tseemtobebreathing.Theotherhuntertakesouthismobilephoneandcallsemergencyservices.“Myfriendisdead!WhatcanIdo？”Theoperatorsays,“Don'tworry.First,makesurehe'sdead.”Hereisasilence.Thenashotisheard.Bang!Thehunter'svoiceesbackontheline：“OK,nowwhat？”Thisisperhapsslightlyamusing.Culturally,itdependsonusknowingthatoftenhuntersarenotconsideredtobeveryintelligentpeople,andthatoftentheyarequiteviolent.Butperhapsthisisnotsoallovertheworld.It'squitea“black”joke.Theexpertsalsofoundthesecondfunniestjoke:SherlockHolmesandDrWatsongoonacampingtrip.Afterdinner,theygotosleep.Somehourslater,Holmeswakesup.“Watson,whatdoyousee？”“Millionsofstars，”repliesWatson.“Andwhatdoyouinferfromthat？”“Well,therearebillionsofplanets...Weareasmallpartoftheuniverse...Wewillhaveabeautifuldaytomorrow...”“Watson,youidiot(笨蛋)!Someonehasstolenourtent！”Ipersonallythinkthisisbetter.Understandingthisjoke,however,dependsonusknowingwhoSherlockHolmesandDrWatsonare.Italsohasanunexpectedending—somethingthatisveryimportantandnecessaryformostjokes.Surprisecanbefunny.What'sfunnyontheEarth?Scientistsareexcellentatstudyingplicated(复杂的)things.Somethingsaremuchtooplicated,evenforthemostintelligentthough.eq\x(语篇解读：什么笑话最好笑呢？本文作者举了两个例子来说明理解笑话的因素。)1．Itisdifficulttofindthefunniestjokeintheworldbecause________.A．therearetoomanyjokestochoosefromB．thoseexpertscannotagreewitheachotherC．peopleacrosstheworldcreatenewjokeseverydayD．people'sstandardsofwhatisfunnyarenotthesame解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，要想找到世界上最好笑的笑话很难，这是因为人们对此的评判标准不一样。2．Intheauthor'sopinion,thefirstjoke________.A．isreallyfunnyandamusingB．isnotasfunnyasthoseexpertsthoughtC．showspeople'swrongunderstandingofhuntersD．tellsreadersnevertolookdownonbravehunters解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知，作者认为这个笑话只是略微好笑，而第二段中提到专家们将这个笑话选为世界上最好笑的笑话。由此可推知，作者认为这个笑话没有专家们认为的那么好笑。3．Whichofthefollowinginfluencestheunderstandingofajokemost?A．Thereader'smood.B．Thereader'sculturalbackground.C．Thecharacters'styleoflanguage.D．Thenumberoffunnypointsinthejoke.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句和倒数第二段第二句可知，读者的文化背景是理解笑话的最重要的因素。4．Inmostcases,thepletelynecessarypointofajokeis________.A．aresultbeyondexpectationB．thementionofgreatpeopleC．extremelyfunnybehaviorD．theuseofspecialphrases解析：选A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第三句可知，出乎意料的结尾对大多数笑话来说是必不可少的。BAngerisnotwrong.Iknowthisstatementseemsshockingandchallengesthewildlypopular“PositiveThinking”movement,whichencouragesusto“befullofpositiveenergy”and“letgoofouranger”．However,thetruthisthatangerisjustanemotion,andemotionsareneitherrightnorwrong.Wedonotconsciouslychoosethem.Wedo,ontheotherhand,choosehowweexpressouremotionsandtherearedefinitelyrightandwrongmeansofexpression.Thereasonwe'reoftenurgedto“keep_a_lid_on”ourangeristhatfewpeopleeverlearnproperandpositivewaystoexpressanger.Instead,wearetaughtthat“angeriswrong”and“youshouldkeepyourangerinside”．Butthesemessagesdon'tchangethefactthat,formostofus,angerexists.Manypopular“PositiveThinking”programmesassumethatsuccessesfrom“controllingouremotions”andthatthiscanbedonebysimplyrepeatingpositivestatements.Interestingly,thesepositiveslogansoftenincludealotofnegativity.“Onlylosersplain！Iamawinner！”isonepopularsaying.Thebeliefthatthosewhodisagreewithusarelosersisactuallyquitenegativeandisoftenusedasanexcuseforrudelanguageandpersonalattacks.Whenitestodealingwithnegativesituationsinourdailylives,theabilitytoreasonablyexpressangerordisagreementisanimportantskill.Butwemustusebalancedandnon­violentmethodstoexpressourdissatisfaction.Frustrationatunfairpoliciesortreatmentcancertainlycauseanger,butourangercanneverbeanexcuseforabusingfamilymembers,damagingschools,attackingdoctorsormostseriously,engaginginterrorism.Insteadofpretendingthatangerdoesn'texist,weshouldstartteachingappropriatemeansofdealingwithanger.Whenweexperienceangryfeelingsinourselvesorothers,whatweshould“letgoof”