河南省洛阳市高三英语上学期第一次统一考试试题（含解析）

河南省洛阳市2020届高三英语上学期第一次统一考试试题（含解析）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每个小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结朿后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题°每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatlimeisMathewgoingtobed?A.At900pmB.At9：30pm.C.At1000pm.2.WhoistravellinginChinanow?A.Mary.B.Jenny.C.Mr.Green.3.Whendoesthemanthinktheyshouldstarttheparty?A.Justasplanned.B.Inhalfanhour.C.Wheneverybodyispresent.4.Whatshouldtheneighborstopdoing?A.Playingthepianosolate.B.Stayingupsokite.C.Listeningtomusicsolate.5.Wherearethespeakersmostprobably?A.Atashop.B.Inthepark.C.Inthestreet.第二节（共15小题海小题1・5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后,各小题将给岀5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Howdoesthewomanliketheman'shair?A.It'stoolong.B.It'sbeautiful.C.It'stooshort.7.Where'sthebarber's?.A.Besidethehotel.B.Oppositethehotel.C.Ontheleftofthehotel.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodothisafternoon?A.Seeafilm.B.Gotothegym.C.Runoutside.9.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Takeataxi.B.Walktothecinema.C.Loseweight.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。10.Whowenttothezoo?A.Thewoman'sfather.B.Theman,C.Lily.11.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthelion?A.Cute.B.Scary.C.Beautiful.12.Whichanimalsimpressedthewomanmost?A.Thepanda.B.Thelion.C.Thepeacock.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Howlongwasthewomanabsent?A.Aboutamonth.B.Aboutaweek.C.Aboutayear.14.Whichplacedidthewomanseefirst?A.TheSummerPalace.B.TheForbiddenCity.C.ThePalaceMuseum.15.WhydidthewomanmisstheGreatWall?A.Itwastoolarge.B.Itwasabitfar.C.Shewastootired.16.Whatcanweinferaboutthetwospeakers?A.They'renotChinese.B.They’relearningChinese.C.They'revisitingBeijing.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.SomerequirementsforamEnglishnewspapereditor.B.ThemanagementoftheschoolEnglishnewspaper.C.ThestandardsofgoodEnglisharticleswrittenbystudents.18.Whatdoesyouneedtodoifyouarehired?AReadEnglisharticlestotheclass.B.ChooseEnglisharticleswrittenbythestudents.C.HoldsomeEnglishpetitionsforthestudents.19.Whatrequirementshouldtheapplicantmeet?A.Goodspeakingability.B.Goodwritingability.C.Beingagraduate.20.Whenwillaninterviewtakeplace?A.OnOctober5th.B.OnOctober10th.C.OnOctober15th.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATeenslovetosocialize,andthesewebsitesgivethemachancetodothatwhileplayinggames,exploringvirtual(虚拟的)worldsandtakingquizzes(测试).Ofcourse,teensalsoneedtobesafeonlineandreportanycyberbullies(网络欺凌)InstagramInstagramallowsteenstouploadphotosoftheirdailylifeandsharethemfriends.Theysaythatapictureisworthathousandwords,andthatmustbetruebecauseInstagramhasaround300millionuserswhoareactiveeachmonth.Theplatformisallaboutphotoswithshortcaptions(说明文字).WhenitestoInstagram'susers,53percentofthemareaged1829,butmostmaybeevenyoungerandsimplylisttheirageas18inordertousetheplatform.HabboHotelHabboHotelisaplaceforteenstochat.Eachteenreceivesapersonalroomtodecoratewithvirtualobjects.Theycanalsodresstheiravatar(网络头像)invirtualclothesorcreategamestoplaywithfriends.Theroommighthavemusic,besetuplikeaclassroom,orhaveotherfeaturessodifferentavatarscanvisitoneanother.Eachroomteenscaninteractinhasanadultmoderator(ttHm)tomakesureitstayssafe.FanlalaFanlalaisasocialnetworkthatgivesteenswholovecelebrities,musicandTVshowsaplacetointeract.Throughit,ausercangetthelatestnewsandgossipontheirfavoriteshows,aswellastakequizzestotesttheirknowledge.Teenscansetuptheirownprofile(t*)onFanlalaandinteractwithotherusers.TeenChatTeenChatisaplaceforteenstointeractwithoneanotherthroughforums(论坛)accordingtotheirinterests.Forexample,therearechatroomsforthosewholoveanime(4082)andforthosewho’vejuststartedcollege.Therearealsochatroomsforthingslikemusic,games,andsports.Theplatformoffersa"FriendFinder"toolthatwillhelpteenssearchforpeoplewholivelocallytothem.1.WhatmakesInstagramdifferentfromothersiteslistedinthetext?A.It'sagreatplaceforpeopletosharephotosB.Themajorityofitsusersareintheir20sC.IthasthelargestnumberofusersD.Onlythoseabove18normallyuseit.2.Whichsiteallowsitsuserstocreatetheirowncharacteranddesignavirtualroomforit?A.Instagram B.HabboHotel.C.Fanlala. D.TeenChat.3.WhatcanyougainfromFanlala'?A.Gameskills. B.Sportsknowledge.C.Animevideos. D.entertainmentnews.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Tipsononlinechatting B.SitesforsocializingC.Freechatroomsforeveryone. D.Howtofightcyberbullying【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章为青少年介绍了一些社交网站。青少年喜欢社交，这些网站让他们有机会在玩游戏、探索虚拟世界和做测试的时候进行社交。当然，青少年也需要安全上网，并报告任何网络欺凌。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据Instagram中Instagramallowsteenstouploadphotosoftheirdailylifeandsharethemfriends.“Instagram允许青少年上传他们日常生活的照片，并与朋友分享。”可知，Instagram不同于文本中列出的其他网站的是“它是一个人们分享照片的好地方。”故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据HabboHotel中HabboHotelisaplaceforteenstochat.Eachteenreceivesapersonalroomtodecoratewithvirtualobjects.Theycanalsodresstheiravatar(网络头像)invirtualclothesorcreategamestoplaywithfriends.“HabboHotel是一个青少年聊天的地方。每个青少年都有一个可以用虚拟物品装饰的私人房间。他们也可以给他们的化身穿上虚拟的衣服，或者创造游戏和朋友们一起玩。”由此可知，HabboHotel网站允许用户创建自己的角色并为其设计一个虚拟房间。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Fanlala中Fanlalaisasocialnetworkthatgivesteenswholovecelebrities,musicandTVshowsaplacetointeract.Throughit,ausercangetthelatestnewsandgossipontheirfavoriteshows,aswellastakequizzestotesttheirknowledge.“Fanlala是一个社交网络，为喜爱名人、音乐和电视节目的青少年提供一个互动的地方。通过它，用户可以获得他们最喜欢的节目的最新新闻和八卦，还可以参加测验来测试他们的知识。”由此可知，从Fanlala你可以得到一些娱乐新闻。故选D。【4题详解】标题判断题。根据第一段Teenslovetosocialize,andthesewebsitesgivethemachancetodothatwhileplayinggames,exploringvirtual(虚拟的)worldsandtakingquizzes(测试).Ofcourse,teensalsoneedtobesafeonlineandreportanycyberbullies(网络欺凌)“青少年喜欢社交，这些网站让他们有机会在玩游戏、探索虚拟世界和做测试的时候进行社交。当然，青少年也需要安全上网，并报告任何网络欺凌。”可知，这篇文章为青少年介绍了一些社交网站，所以B项Sitesforsocializing为最佳主题。故选B。BProbablyoneofthemostpopulartopicsinsciencefictionofalltimeshasbeentheideaoftimetraveling.WeknowandlovesuchfilmsasH.G.Wells’TheTimeMachine,H.P.Lovecraft’sTheShadowOutofTimeaswellasagreatnumberoffilmsandTVshows:BacktotheFuture,TheButterflyEffect.These,aswellasmanyothers,arededicatedmostlytoonequestion:howcananindividualaffectorevenchangetheirentirelifeinthepresentbymakingevenslightcorrections,intheirownpast?WhenIwasachild,Ioftendreamedaboutaspecialpocketdevicethatwouldallowmeto“save”certainmomentsofmylife.Inthatcase,ifIfailedtodosomething,Icouldalways“load”mylife.IimaginedallthethingsIcoulddoifIhadsuchpower:jumpingfromverytallbuildingswithoutaparachute(and“loading”atthelastsecond)andtakingupotherriskyoccupations.Sometimes,Iwouldliketojumpintoatimemachine,gobacktoacoupleofyearsago,andmakemanycorrections.Iwouldwarnmyselfabouttheconsequencesofmymostreckless(不顾后果的)decisions.Iwouldtalktothatlonghairedteenholdinghisfirstcigaretteandtellhim,“Don'tdothat—yearswillpassuntilyoufinallymanagetoquitit.”TherearesomanywarningsIwouldgivetomyselfthatsometimesIthink:wasitreallyIwhodidthisandthat?Havingatimemachineisanamazinglyattractiveidea.Itseemsthathavingonewouldmakelifesomucheasier!Perhaps,itistrue.ButwhatIthinkmoreoftennowisthatlivingwithoutitteachesusresponsibility.Itrytoliveeachdayatthemaximuminordertoregretnothing.Thisisactuallywhatourparentsalwaystrytodowhenwearechildren.Butyouknowwhat?Iamgladthatnotimemachinehasbeeninvented.5.What'sthewriter'smainpurposeofwritingParagraph1?A.Tointroducesomefamousmovies.B.Toraiseaquestionabouttimetravel.C.Toshowthosemoviesareverypopular.D.Toshowthescenesinmoviesmightbeetrue.6.Whatdoesthewritertrytoconveyinthisarticle?A.Unpracticaldreamscanneverberealized.B.Whathappenedinthepastcan'tbechanged.C.Theideaofthetimemachineisreallyacreativeinvention.D.Beingresponsibleforthepresentisbetterthanregretting.7.What'sthewriter'sattitudetowardtheinventionofthetimemachine?A.Objective. B.Supportive.C.Negative. D.Indifferent.【答案】5.B6.D7.C【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者原来希望通过时光机，可以对自己的过去所做的事进行改变来影响甚至改变现在的生活。但现在作者认为要尽量把每一天过得尽善尽美，这样就不会有任何遗憾。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句中“…onequestion:howcananindividualaffectorevenchangetheirentirelifeinthepresentbymakingevenslightcorrections,intheirownpast?(……一个问题：一个人如何通过对自己的过去做出哪怕是微小的改变来影响甚至改变他们现在的整个生活?)”可以推断，作者在第一段中提出很多关于时光旅行的科幻小说或电影，是为了引出关于时光旅行的问题。故选B项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Itrytoliveeachdayatthemaximuminordertoregretnothing.”作者刚开始认为时光机是一个极具吸引力的想法，可以让生活更容易。但作者现在认为没有时光机可以让我们把每一天过得尽善尽美，这样就不会有任何遗憾。因此可以推断作者要表达的观点是：对现在负责总比后悔好。故选D项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“ButwhatIthinkmoreoftennowisthatlivingwithoutitteachesusresponsibility.Itrytoliveeachdayatthemaximuminordertoregretnothing.”和“Iamgladthatnotimemachinehasbeeninvented.”，作者认为没有时光机可以教会我们责任感，让我们尽量把每一天过得尽善尽美，这样就不会有任何遗憾。因此可以推断作者对时光机持否定的态度。故选C项。CArthurPhillipHighSchool,locatedinParramatta,NewSouthWales(NSW),Australia,willbeNSW’sfirstpublichighrisehighschool.Whenitopens,theschoolwillbedifferentfromanythingelsewe’vegotacrossthesystem.Studentswilleatlunchincourtyardsoverlookingcityrooftops,beforecontinuingtheirlessonsinsoundproofedmusicrooms,sciencelabsoratriums(中庭)witheightmetrehighceilings.Thespecialtyrooms,suchassciencelabs,willbeonthetopfloors.Therewillbelargelifts,butstudentswillbeencouragedtousethestairs.Therewillbeagym,aplaygroundandplayspaceoneachfloor.Thebuildingwillberunmorelikeanofficeblockthanatraditionalschool,withaplantroomusedfortheoperationofthesprinklers（洒水装置）,airconditioningandelevatorsystems.Inaddition,peoplewillbeseencleaningthewindowswhilestudentsarestudying.“We’regoingtohavetogetkidsusedtothat,”saidSylviaCorish,anexecutivedirectorofschoolperformancefortheNSWDepartmentofEducation.“That’sgoingtobeauniqueexperience.”“Thisisaverydifferentconcept,”saidthechiefexecutiveofSchoolInfrastructureNSW,AnthonyManning.“Whileithasbeenchallengingattimes,theendproductisgoingtobereallyamazingandimpressive.”“IamverysurprisedandhappytoseehowcreativethislearningspacewillbeforstudentsintheParramattaregionforyearstoe,”EducationMinisterSarahMitchellsaid.TheHeraldvisitedthenewhighschool,asconstructionoftheambitiousprojectentersitsfinalphaseandstudentsattheoriginalschoolacrosstheroadpreparetobegintestingitsstateoftheartfacilities.Inthenextfewmonths,studentsandteacherswillvisittheschooltohelpensureasmoothtransition（过渡）.“Itwillbeamatteroftestinghowpeoplecanmovearoundthebuilding,”MrManningsaid.8.How’stheschoolinappearance?A.Itlookslikeanofficebuilding. B.Itislikeatraditionalschool.C.It’ssurroundedbygreenplants. D.Itconsistsofdifferentbuildings.9.HowdidSarahMitchelfeelaboutthenewschool?A.Amazedandimpressed. B.Surprisedanddoubtful.C.Delightedandastonished. D.Happyandsatisfied.10.Whichmightbeachallenge?A.Movingtheoriginalschoolfromacrosstheroad.B.Gettingthestudentsaccustomedtothenewsituation.C.Providingthestudentswithmorespaceforstudying.D.Encouragingthestudentstousethestairsinsteadofthelift.11.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.NSW’sFirstPublicHighriseHighSchoolB.ANewSchoolthatOverlookCityRoofsC.TheConstructionandSystemofaNewSchoolD.AUniqueExperienceforHighSchoolStudents【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.A【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了位于澳大利亚新南威尔士州Parramatta的ArthurPhillip高中将成为新南威尔士州的第一所公立高层高中，其先进的设施，有创意的学习空间得到各方的认同，但同时也在等待着最后的验收：学生和老师的平稳过渡。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Thebuildingwillberunmorelikeanofficeblockthanatraditionalschool,withaplantroomusedfortheoperationofthesprinklers,airconditioningandelevatorsystems.Inaddition,peoplewillbeseencleaningthewindowswhilestudentsarestudying.(该建筑将更像一个办公大楼，而不是传统的学校，有一个机房用来操作洒水系统、空调和电梯系统。此外，当学生们在学习时，会看到有人在擦窗户。)”可知该学校看起来更像一个办公大楼而不是传统的学校。故选A项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第六段内容：IamverysurprisedandhappytoseehowcreativethislearningspacewillbeforstudentsintheParramattaregionforyearstoe,”EducationMinisterSarahMitchellsaid.(教育部长萨拉·米切尔说:“我很惊讶，也很高兴看到这个学习空间在未来几年里将为帕拉马塔地区的学生提供那么有创意的学习空间。”)可知SarahMitchel对这间学校提供的有创意的学习空间感到惊讶和高兴。故选C项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章末尾内容：TheHeraldvisitedthenewhighschool,asconstructionoftheambitiousprojectentersitsfinalphaseandstudentsattheoriginalschoolacrosstheroadpreparetobegintestingitsstateoftheartfacilities.Inthenextfewmonths,studentsandteacherswillvisittheschooltohelpensureasmoothtransition.“Itwillbeamatteroftestinghowpeoplecanmovearoundthebuilding,”MrManningsaid.(《先驱报》参观了新高中，这个雄心勃勃的项目已进入最后阶段，路对面的原学校的学生正准备开始测试其最先进的设施。在接下来的几个月里，学生和老师将参观学校，以确保平稳过渡。“这将是一个测试人们如何在建筑内移动的问题，”曼宁表示。)可知，让学生和老师平稳过渡到这所新学校将会花上几个月时间，这是最大的挑战。选项B“Gettingthestudentsaccustomedtothenewsituation.(让学生适应新的环境。)”为合理论述。故选B项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章体裁为新闻报道，可知第一段提出了文章的中心话题“ArthurPhillipHighSchool,locatedinParramatta,NewSouthWales(NSW),Australia,willbeNSW’sfirstpublichighrisehighschool.Whenitopens,theschoolwillbedifferentfromanythingelsewe’vegotacrossthesystem.(位于澳大利亚新南威尔士州Parramatta的ArthurPhillip高中将成为新南威尔士州的第一所公立高层高中。当它开放的时候，学校将不同于我们整个系统的任何其他东西。)”可知，本文主要介绍了这所公立高层高中。选项A“NSW’sFirstPublicHighriseHighSchool”合理概括主旨要义。故选A项。DAglobalgroupofscientistshavereducedthetimeittakestofindandintroducediseaseresistancegenesfromwildplantsintodomesticcropssuchasrice,wheatandpotato,aresearchrevealedonTuesday.ScientistsfromtheJohnInnesCenterinBritain,alongwithcolleaguesfromAustraliaandtheUnitedStates,havecreatedadatabaseknownasAgRenSeq,whereresearcherscaneasilysearchforresistancegenesalreadydiscoveredinwildrelativesofmoderncrops.ThestudywascoauthoredbyaglobalexpertProfessorHarbansBarianafromtheUniversityofSydney,whosaidthatthistechnologywillsupportthediscoveryandcharacterizationofnewsourcesofdiseaseresistanceinplants.OnceresearchershaveidentifiedresistancegenesusingAgRenSeq,theycanclonethemandintroducethemtodomesticcropstoprotectagainstdiseasesandpests,“Wehavefoundawaytoscanthegenome(基因组)ofawildrelativeofacropplantandpickouttheresistancegenesweneedandwecandoitinrecordtime,”Dr.BrandeWulff,aprojectleaderfromtheJohnInnesCentre,said.“Thisusedtobeaprocessthattookl0Or15yearsandwaslikesearchingforaneedleinahaystack(干草堆),”Wulffsaid.“Wehaveperfectedthemethodsothatwecanclonethesegenesinamatterofmonthsandforjustthousandsofdollarsinsteadofmillions.”Theteamarehighlyoptimisticabouttheirwork,predictingittobeutilizedinprotectingmanycropswithwildrelativesincludingsoybeans,pea,cotton,potato,wheat,rice,bananaandcocoa.“Usingspeedcloningandspeedbreedingwecoulddeliverresistancegenesintothebestvarietieswithinacoupleofyears,likeaphoenix(凤凰)risingfromtheashes,”Wulffadded.12.Howhavetheresearchersdevelopedtheresistancegenes?A.Byreducingtheresearchtime.B.Byintroducingthemtowildplants.C.Bycloningthemfromdomesticcrops.D.Bygettingresistancegenesfromwildplants.13.Whatwillbetheuseofthestudyinthefuture?A.Itwillprotectcropsfrombeingdamagedbypests.B.Itwillcreateadatabaseforresearcherstosearch.C.Itwillprotectdomesticcropsfor10to15years.D.Itwillcontributetoreducingthewildplants.14.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“utilized”underlinedinParagraph6?A.Produced. B.Made.C.Used. D.Studied.15.WhatcanweinferfromwhatBrandeWulffsaid?A.Theresistancegenescostmillionsofdollars.B.Theresistancegeneswerefoundinahaystack.C.Ittooktheresearcherstenyearstofindtheresistancegenes.D.Diseaseresistancegeneswillbeputintopracticesoon.【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了抗病基因。科学家们从野生植物中获取抗病基因，并创造了数据库AgRenSeq，以识别抗病基因，并借此克隆基因，讲抗病基因引入农作物，以防止疾病和害虫破坏。12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“Aglobalgroupofscientistshavereducedthetimeittakestofindandintroducediseaseresistancegenesfromwildplantsintodomesticcropssuchasrice,wheatandpotato,aresearchrevealedonTuesday.(本周二公布的一项研究显示，一组全球科学家已经缩短了从野生植物中发现抗病基因并将其引入水稻、小麦和土豆等国内作物的时间。)”可知抗病基因从野生植物中获得。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“OnceresearchershaveidentifiedresistancegenesusingAgRenSeq,theycanclonethemandintroducethemtodomesticcropstoprotectagainstdiseasesandpests(一旦研究人员利用AgRenSeq鉴定出抗病基因，他们就可以克隆这些基因，并将其引入农作物中，以抵御病虫害)”可知，研究将会防止农作物被害虫破坏。故选A项。【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在部分的前半句“Theteamarehighlyoptimisticabouttheirwork”可知，该团队对他们的工作表示高度乐观，因此后半句应在表达他们期待的结果“predictingittobeutilizedinprotectingmanycropswithwildrelativesincludingsoybeans,pea,cotton,potato,wheat,rice,bananaandcocoa.”由前文第三段末尾可知其期待的结果即目的为“OnceresearchershaveidentifiedresistancegenesusingAgRenSeq,theycanclonethemandintroducethemtodomesticcropstoprotectagainstdiseasesandpests(一旦研究人员利用AgRenSeq鉴定出抗病基因，他们就可以克隆这些基因，并将其引入农作物中，以抵御病虫害)”，因此可知，划线单词utilized应与该句中的introduce表达含义相同，为“投入；使用”含义。故选C项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章末尾内容：“Usingspeedcloningandspeedbreedingwecoulddeliverresistancegenesintothebestvarietieswithinacoupleofyears,likeaphoenixrisingfromtheashes,”Wulffadded.(“通过快速克隆和快速育种，我们可以在几年内将抗性基因导入最佳品种，就像凤凰涅槃，”武尔夫补充说。)可知抗病基因不久之后将会投入实践。故选D项。第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余VitaminDisnecessaryforbonebuilding,immunefunction,bloodsugarcontrol,positivemoodandmore.___16___TheloweryourvitaminDlevelis,thehigheryourriskofdeathfromallycausewillbe.However,it’snotagreatideatojusttakeasupplement(补品)offthedrugstoreshelfandstarttakingit.SincemanyofushaveaninadequateamountvitaminD,alsoknownasthe“sunshinevitamin”,doctorswilloftengiveushighlevelsofDsupplements,withdosesrangingfrom2,000to10,000IU(InternationalUnits)perday,upto50,000IUperweekandsometimesevenmore.___17___Verybigdoses(剂量)ofvitaminDcancauseabuildupofcalcium(钙)intheblood,whichleadstopoorappetite,weakness,weightlossorotherdiseases.Here’sthebiggerissue:___18___AbuildupofstoredvitaminDcartcauseavoidableproblems,leadingtoproblemssuchaskidneystones.___19___TheNationalInstitutesofHealthsettheRemendedDietaryAllowanceforvitaminDat600IUdailyforbabies,children,andadultsupto70yearsold.Adultsaged71andolderneed800IU,sincetheabilitytoabsorbvitaminDdropswithage.BecausethefatcellstakevitaminDup,makingitlessavailableforusebytilebody,___20___Thoughyou’llgetabitofvitaminDfromfoods—includingfattyfish,beefliver,cheese,milkandsoon—theamountsaresosmallthatthere’slittleneedtoworrythatthey’llputyouoverthedailydose.A.Itcanhelppreventmanydiseases.B.Wecanactuallyreducetheriskofdeath.C.peoplewhoarefatmayalsoneedmorevitaminD.anyextraintakeofvitaminDcangetstoredinthebody.E.Butlikeallgoodthings,it’spossibletogettoomuchofit.FTheaveragedailyremendedamountsvarybasedonyourage.G.VitaminDshouldbesupplementedcarefullydespiteitsimportance.【答案】16.A17.E18.D19.F20.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作为对于人体的积极作用的维生素D在过量服用后反而会给身体带来负担和伤害，从而警示人们要按照年龄和体质不同而适量服用。【16题详解】根据前一句“VitaminDisnecessaryforbonebuilding,immunefunction,bloodsugarcontrol,positivemoodandmore.(维生素D对骨骼发育、免疫功能、血糖控制、积极情绪等都是必要的。)”可知，前一句在讲维生素D的积极作用，且后文“TheloweryourvitaminDlevelis,thehigheryourriskofdeathfromanycausewillbe.(你的维生素D水平越低，你因任何原因死亡的风险就越高。)”讲述了缺乏维生素D带来的疾病死亡风险，因此可推知，设空句承前启后既要讲到其对身体的益处，也要讲到其对抗疾病的作用。选项A“Itcanhelppreventmanydiseases.(它可以帮助预防许多疾病。)”符合语境分析。故选A项。【17题详解】根据后一句“VerybigdosesofvitaminDcancauseabuildupofcalciumintheblood,whichleadstopoorappetite,weakness,weightlossorotherdiseases.(大剂量的维生素D会导致血液中钙的积聚，从而导致食欲不振、虚弱、体重下降或其他疾病。)”可知，该部分在阐述过量服用维生素D的具体后果，因此设空句应提到其“过犹不及”。选项E“Butlikeallgoodthings,it’spossibletogettoomuchofit.(但就像所有的好东西一样，我们可能服用量太大而不能得到其益处)。”讲述了“过犹不及”。故选E项。【18题详解】根据后一句“AbuildupofstoredvitaminDcartcauseavoidableproblems,leadingtoproblemssuchaskidneystones.(储存的维生素D会导致一些本可避免的问题，如肾结石。)”可知，这里举例说明了储存在体内的维生素D会导致疾病，因此设空句应是提及维生素D的储存性。选项D“anyextraintakeofvitaminDcangetstoredinthebody.(任何额外摄入的维生素D都会储存在体内。)”符合语境分析，且句中的stored与后一句中的“stored”属于词汇复现原则。故选D项。【19题详解】根据后文“TheNationalInstitutesofHealthsettheRemendedDietaryAllowanceforvitaminDat600IUdailyforbabies,children,andadultsupto70yearsold.Adultsaged71andolderneed800IU,sincetheabilitytoabsorbvitaminDdropswithage.”提及了不同年龄对于维生素D的需求。因此，设空句作为段首句，应是主题句，点明主题：不同年龄需求量的不同（Theaveragedailyremendedamountsvarybasedonyourage.）。故选F项。【20题详解】根据前一句“BecausethefatcellstakevitaminDup,makingitlessavailableforusebytilebody(因为脂肪细胞吸收维生素D，使之不能被身体利用)”可知该句讲述了“肥胖”人士反而缺乏维生素D的原因，因此设空句对此总结：“肥胖”人士可能需要更多的维生素D（peoplewhoarefatmayalsoneedmorevitamin）。故选C

项。【点睛】七选五技巧之篇章结构显神通篇章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构通常是主题句（总）+支撑句（分）。支撑句分述主题的具体内容，说明其原因或举例证明等。有的题利用文章或段落的“总分”结构来解题也很管用。比如文章第4小题：___4___TheNationalInstitutesofHealthsettheRemendedDietaryAllowanceforvitaminDat600IUdailyforbabies,children,andadultsupto70yearsold.Adultsaged71andolderneed800IU,sincetheabilitytoabsorbvitaminDdropswithage.根据位置判断设空句应是本段主题中心句。结合后文内容分述了主题的具体内容：年龄，摄入量。因此可以用选项F“Theaveragedailyremendedamountsvarybasedonyourage.”来概括分述内容，作为“总”。因此答案为F项。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题;每小题1・5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Lastweek,athingoccurredintheclassroomofa4thgradeatChinoValleyUnifiedSchool.ItwasAutism（自闭症）AwarenessMonthandevery___21___hadbeenaskedtohaveeachstudent___22___apaperpuzzlepieceandhangitontheirclassroomdoors.WhenMs.LisaMoe___23___thepuzzlepieces,mostofherstudentswerefamiliarwiththe___24___ofautismandtheywere___25___ofthereasonfordoingso.However,theydidnotknowautismwas___26___withintheirownclassroomintheir___27___classmate:Jackie.With___28___,Jackieraisedhishandandsaid,"MayIpleasesaysomething?"Moenoddedbutnevercouldshehaveimaginedwhatwasto___29___Sheexplainedinablogpost:"Jackiehas____30____challengesandbarriersbeyondwhatanyofuswilleverbeabletofully____31____.Buttoday,hestoodinthefrontoftheclassroomwithfull____32____andshowedusthatnochallengeorbarriercan____33____.Hebroughttolifethemeaningof‘Yes,ICan’!"Boththeteacherandstudentswerehangingonhiseveryword.Fora(n)____34____time,Moeneverthoughtofgettingoutherphoneto____35____thismoment,butfinallyshe____36____it.Withoutanyofthestudentsknowing,sherecordedthe____37____momentsofJackie’s,alongwiththe____38____oftheotherstudentsastheyraisedtheirhandstoaskquestions.Jackie'smotherwas____39____bythevideoandtoldMoe"WatchingJackiesobravelyspeakaboutautismisbeyondwhatIcan____40____express.Thankyou!”21.A.school B.family C.classroom D.court22.A.decorate B.still C.wind D.cast23.A.handedin B.handedout C.handedover D.handedup24.A.views B.thoughts C.belief D.idea25.A.capable B.afraid C.guilty D.aware26.A.shy B.present C.hidden D.clear27.A.fellow B.new C.humorous D.single28.A.disappointment B.surprise C.excitement D.anxiety29.A.tolerate B.spread C.construct D.follow30.A.created B.doubted C.faced D.launched31.A.express B.plete C.understand D.explain32.A.ambition B.confidence C.strength D.power33.A.holdhimback B.givehimup C.sethimapart D.keephimaway34.A.certain B.long C.instant D.rapid35.A.remember B.sculpture C.recall D.shoot36.A.realized B.reminded C.put D.got37.A.beginning B.unexpected C.unfortunate D.final38.A.suggestions B.responses C.reactions D.applauds39.A.scared B.thrilled C.shocked D.ashamed40.A.properly B.patiently C.carefully D.attentively【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.D26.B27.A28.C29.D30.C31.C32.B33.A34.B35.D36.A37.D38.C39.B40.A【解析】本文是记叙文。曾经患有自闭症的杰基在同学面前勇敢地讲述自己的经历，引起了同学激烈的反应。莫伊老师拍摄了这些时刻，并发送到博客上。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是自闭症宣传月，要求每个教室里每个学生装饰一张纸拼图，并将它挂在教室门上。A.school学校；B.family家庭；C.classroom教室；D.court法庭。根据上文“athingoccurredintheclassroomofa4thgrade”可知，故事发生在教室里。故选C项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是自闭症宣传月，要求每个教室里每个学生装饰一张纸拼图，并将它挂在教室门上。A.decorate装饰；B.still使静止不动；C.wind缠绕；D.cast投掷，抛。此处应该是孩子们需要将拼图装饰起来，然后挂起来。故选A项。【23题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当丽莎·莫伊老师分发拼图的时候，她的大部分学生对自闭症的概念都很熟悉，他们也知道这样做的原因。A.handedin上交；B.handedout分发；C.handedover移交；D.handedup举手。老师把拼图分发给孩子们，让孩子们按要求去做。故选B项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当丽莎·莫伊老师分发拼图的时候，她的大部分学生对自闭症的概念都很熟悉，他们也知道这样做的原因。A.views观点；B.thoughts想法；C.belief相信，信仰；D.idea概念。根据上文“ItwasAutism（自闭症）AwarenessMonth”，因为是自闭症宣传月，因此可以推断大部分学生对什么是自闭症很了解。故选D项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当丽莎·莫伊老师分发拼图的时候，她的大部分学生对自闭症的概念都很熟悉，他们也知道这样做的原因。A.capable有能力的；B.afraid害怕的；C.guilty内疚的；D.aware意识到的，知道的。根据“mostofherstudentswerefamiliarwiththe4ofautism”可以推断，他们知道为什么要装饰拼图并挂起来。故选D项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是他们并不知道自闭症存在于他们自己的教室里，在他们的同学杰基身上。A.shy害羞的；B.present存在的，出席的，到场的；C.hidden隐藏的；D.clear清晰的。短语bepresent“存在于”。根据however推知,他们不知道同学杰基就患有自闭症。故选B项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是他们并不知道自闭症存在于他们自己的教室里，在他们的同学杰基身上。A.fellow同伴的；B.new新的；C.humorous幽默的；D.single单身的。短语fellowclass