高中一轮复习英语讲义选修六Module3InterpersonalRelationshipsFriendship

Module3InterpersonalRelationships—Friendship一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)[第一屏听写]1．acuteadj. 剧烈的，急剧的2．betrayv. 背叛3．broomn. 扫帚4．bungalown. (有平台的)平房5．cagen. 笼子6．carpentern. 木匠，木工[第二屏听写]7．cigarn． 雪茄8．clickv. 喜欢(某人)，有相同想法(观点等)9．heeln. 脚后跟，踵部10．pacev. 踱步走11．pinen. 松树12．rewindv. 倒(磁带)，倒回去13．ripenv. 成熟[第三屏听写]14．saluten． 致敬，行礼15．scratchv. 擦伤，划伤16．slidev. 滑，滑行，滑落17．sprayn. 水花，浪花18．spyn. 间谍，侦探19．squirreln. 松鼠20．swellv. 肿，肿大[第四屏听写]21．theftn． 偷，盗窃22．underwearn. 内衣23．walnutn. 胡桃24．wormn. 虫，蠕虫，蚯蚓25．(be)allergicto 对……过敏26．(be)blessedwith 享有……的福气27．interpersonaladj. 人际关系的，人与人之间的Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)[第五屏听写]1．alikeadj. 相像的，相似的2．amountn. 数量3．bottomn. 底部，底端4．chatv. 闲谈，聊天5．closeadj. 亲密的，亲近的6．considerateadj. 体贴的，考虑周到的7．countv. 数[第六屏听写]8．couplen． 夫妇9．dampadj. 潮湿的10．fairn. 义卖会11．financiallyadv. 财政上地12．fleev. 逃跑，逃走13．forgivev. 原谅，宽恕14．harvestn. 收获[第七屏听写]15．hurtadj. (感到)痛苦的，受到伤害的16．livelyadj. 活泼的，有生气的17．lossn. 损失18．mentionv. 提到，涉及19．murmurv. 低声说，喃喃道20．noten. 钞票，纸币21．partnern. 合伙人，共同出资人[第八屏听写]22．perfectadj. 完美的23．predictv. 预言，预测24．privilegen. 权利，特权25．quarrelv.&n. 吵架26．raisev. 筹措(金钱)27．regretv. 后悔，悔恨28．reunitev. 重聚[第九屏听写]29．scoldv． 责备，申斥30．slipv. 滑倒，失足31．swingv. (使)旋转，(使)摆动32．tearv. 撕破，撕裂33．tinyadj. 细小的，细微的，微小的34．trustv. 信赖，信任35．moodyadj. 喜怒无常的[第十屏听写]36．all_at_once 突然，忽然37．(be)_ashamed_of 对……感到惭愧/羞耻38．(be)_on_good_terms_with 与某人关系很好39．belong_to 属于40．bring_..._to_mind 使……想起[第十一屏听写]41．burst_out 突然发生，突然……起来42．from_the_bottom_of_one's_heart 真心诚意地，发自内心地43．from_time_to_time 偶尔，有时44．in_return 反过来，作为交换45．keep_in_touch 保持联系[第十二屏听写]46．knock_..._over (开车)撞伤，撞死47．lose_interest_in 对……失去兴趣48．lose_touch_with 与……失去联系49．make_up 和好，和解50．on_the_phone 在通51．raise_money 筹款52．turn_round 转过身来二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高识记单词写对Ⅰ.知其意(英译汉)1.acuteadj.剧烈的，急剧的2.betrayv.背叛_3.broomn.扫帚4.confrontv.面对(危险、困难)5.interpersonaladj.人际关系的，人与人之间的_6.pacev.踱步走7.rewindv.倒(磁带)，倒回去_8.ripenv．成熟9.saluten.致敬，行礼_10.scratchv.擦伤，划伤11.slidev.滑，滑行，滑落12.squirreln.松鼠13.theftn.偷，盗窃Ⅱ.写其形(汉译英)1.amountn.数量2.bottomn．底部，底端3.harvestn.收获4.perfectadj.完美的5.countv.数6.couplen.夫妇7.dampadj.潮湿的8.lossn.损失9.raisev.筹措(金钱)核心单词练通1.WhenImetherattheentrancetothehall,shementioned(提到)tomethatshehadseenme.2.Failurehurtsgrown­upsandchildrenalike(相似的),butitcanmakeapositivecontributiontoyourlifeonceyoulearntouseit.3.Peoplefled(逃跑)aimlesslyinterrorasthetsunamistruckthecitywithoutanyprecaution.4.Andyoufindthatyou'renottobetrusted(信任)withapositionofrealresponsibility.5.JackandMikewerefoundcheatingintheexam,andarebeingscolded(责备)bytheirteacheratthemoment.6.Onlywhenyougetaspecialpermitcanyouhavetheprivilege(特权)ofinterviewingthePrimeMinister.7.Thedevelopmentofthesmallbusinesseswillmaketheeconomyofourcitylively(有生气的).8.Lucyisashygirl,butcanyouimagineherquarreling(争吵)withthebossinJapanese?9.Don'tjustsitthereswinging(摆动)yourlegs;eandhelpmecarrytheboxupstairs.10.Heisconstantlytearing(撕破)upwhathehaswrittenandbeginningoveragain.拓展单词用活[记全记牢]1.closeadj.亲密的，亲近的→closelyadv.接近地；紧密地；严密地；亲近地2.financiallyadv.财政上地→financialadj.财政上的，金融的→financen．财政3.moodyadj.喜怒无常的→moodn．心情，心境，情绪4.regretv．&n．后悔，悔恨→regretfuladj.懊悔的，惋惜的；遗憾的→regretfullyadv.懊悔地，惋惜地；很遗憾地，抱歉地5.considerateadj.体贴的，考虑周到的→considervt.考虑→consideringprep.鉴于，考虑到→considerationn．考虑6.forgivev．原谅，宽恕→forgivenessn．原谅7.predictv．预言，预测→predictionn．预言，预测8.reunitev．重聚→unitev．重聚(使人或事物)合为一体，联合→unitedadj.(为共同目标)团结的，联合的；和睦的；(政治上)统一的[用准用活]1.Attheparty,theysatverycloseandhadaclosetalk,butIdidn'tknowwhytheyspoketoeachothersoclosely.(close)2.Aftermuchdebate,theycametotheconclusionthattheworldwidefinanceiscloselyconnectedwithfinancialfreedom.(finance)3.Herhusbandisamoodymanandhismoodisalwayschangeable.(mood)4.Consideringlimitedtime,ourconsiderateteacherisconsideringmakinganotherplan.Ihopeshe'lltakemoneyintoconsideration,_too.(consider)5.ThescientistsinAmericapredictthatthepreviouspredictionsthattheGreekscholarsmadewon'tturnintoreality.(predict)6.Youcanchoosetoforgivesomeonewhohashurtyoueveniftheydonotdeserveoraskforforgiveness.(forgive)7.Tomregrettedplayingputergames.Therefore,afterenteringhighschool,hefeltregretfulforthetimehehadwastedplayingputergamesandstudiedhardtomakeupit.(regret)⇩eq\a\vs4\al(积得多平时多输入，用时顺手出)1.“信任，依靠”家族①trust信任，信赖②believein信任，信仰③relyon/upon信赖，依靠④counton/upon指望⑤dependon/upon依靠2.raise近义词集锦①risevi.上升；增强②arisevi.出现；上升③arousevt.唤醒；激发3.­y结尾形容词聚焦①moody喜怒无常的②stormy暴风雨的③foggy有雾的④tidy整洁的⑤pretty漂亮的⑥naughty淘气的⑦bloody血腥的⑧funny滑稽的4.count形近词大观园①discountn．折扣②countern.柜台③countyn.县④countryn.国家；乡村⑤countrysiden.农村⑥accountn.账户⑦accountantn.会计(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高先写对再用准第一组1.keep_in_touch保持联系2.lose_touch_with与……失去联系3.(be)_on_good_terms_with与某人关系很好4.(be)_ashamed_of对……感到惭愧/羞耻5.from_the_bottom_of_one's_heart真心诚意地，发自内心地6.bring_..._to_mind使……想起7.in_return反过来，作为交换8.belong_to属于Jackhad①been_on_good_terms_withTom,andtheyalways②kept_in_touchwitheachother.However,Jack③lost_touch_withTomlastmonth.ThereasonwasthatTom④was_ashamed_ofhavingdonesomethingwrong.Hemovedtoanothercitywithhisfamily.JackthankedTom⑤from_the_bottom_of_his_heartforthefriendshiphegavehim.第二组1.burst_out突然发生，突然……起来2.knock_...over(开车)撞伤，撞死；打翻3.lose_interest_in对……失去兴趣4.from_time_to_time偶尔，有时5.raise_money筹款6.turn_round转过身来7.on_the_phone在通Weweresadtolearnthataworkerinourfactorywas①knocked_overbyacaryesterday.Severalfriendsofhers②burst_outcryingwhentheyheardofthesadnews.WesawthenewsoftrafficaccidentontheInternet③from_time_to_time.Butthistime,ithappenedaroundus.Ourfactorydirectorappealedtousworkersto④raise_moneyforherfamily.Weallgaveahelpinghand.⇩eq\a\vs4\al(积得多平时多输入，用时顺手出)1.“有时”词语知多少①fromtimetotime有时②attimes间或③nowandthen偶尔④onceinawhile偶尔地⑤sometimes有时⑥occasionally偶尔2.mind相关短语大全①bring...tomind使……想起②bear/keepinmind记住③makeupone'smind下定决心④changeone'smind改变主意⑤have...inmind想要⑥absenceofmind走神3.“v.＋介词to”短语多棱镜①belongto属于②leadto导致③keepto遵守，坚持④contributeto有助于，为……做贡献⑤admitto承认⑥turnto求助于(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高背原句明句式学仿写1.IrememberthefirsttimeImetRoy.我记得第一次见到罗伊的情景。thefirsttime作先行词，后跟省略了关系词的定语从句。我将永远不会忘记我第一次出国的情景。I'llneverforgetthe_first_time_(that)_I_went_abroad.2.Havingleftsomethinginthecloakroom,Iwentinsidetogetit...因为我把东西落在衣帽间了，我就进去取……havingleft为现在分词的完成式作原因状语。很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。(2017·江苏高考单选)ManyChinesebrands,having_developedtheirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.3.ItwouldhavebeenimpossibletofindmydaughterwithoutthehelpofFriendsReunited.要是没有“老友重聚”网站的帮助，我就不可能找到我女儿。without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句，表示主句与过去事实相反的假设。没有你的帮助的话，我上周考试可能就通不过了。Withoutyourhelp,Iwould_have_failedtheexamlastweek.考点新组合阅读微技能ItwasbecausethebigquarrelburstoutthatTomlosttouchwithhiswife.When______(ask)❶whyhiswifewasnotwithhim,hementionedthequarrelbetweenthem.Hesaidhe______❷havescoldedher，withoutthequarrelshewouldn'thavelefthome.Howheregrettednotbeingconsiderateenoughtohiswife！1.①处应填入单词的正确形式为asked。2.②处应填入的最佳选项为__B__。A.couldn'tB．shouldn'tC.wouldn'tD．needn't1．mentionv.&n．提到，涉及；说起mentiondoingsth. 提到做某事nottomention＝withoutmentioning 更不必说，更谈不上；且不说Don'tmentionit. 不要客气/不用谢/没关系。[多角练透]单句语法填空①Intheinterview,thesingermentionedherchildhoodtothejournalist.②Ihearthey'vepromotedTom,buthedidn'tmentionhaving_been_promoted(promote)whenwetalkedonthephone.③Asmentioned(mention)inthepassage,Lucyneedstotestmoreelephantgroups.补全句子④Hehastwobighousesinthiscountry,not_to_mention/without_mentioninghisholidayvillainFrance.他在这个国家拥有两栋大房子，且不说在法国还有度假别墅了。⑤—Thanksfortheridehome!—Don't_mention_it.——谢谢你捎我回家！——不用客气。2．regretv.&n．后悔，悔恨；遗憾；抱歉(1)regretdoing/havingdonesth. 对做过的事感到后悔regrettodosth. 对要做的事感到遗憾regretthat... 很遗憾(委婉地表示不能做某事)(2)withgreat/deepregret 非常遗憾地toone'sregret＝totheregretofsb. 令某人抱歉/遗憾的是[多角练透]单句语法填空①Iregretleaving/having_left(leave)theworkunfinished;Ishouldhaveplannedeverythingaheadcarefully.②Weregretto_inform(inform)youthatthematerialsyouorderedareoutofstock.补全句子③Iregret_thatapreviousengagementpreventsmefromacceptingyourkindinvitation.我很遗憾之前有一个约会使我不能接受你善意的邀请。④To_my_regret,_Icannotacceptyourinvitation.Hopefully,we'llgettogethersometimenextyear.很遗憾我不能接受你的邀请，希望明年某个时候我们能相聚。[名师指津]regret后接动名词时，表示“后悔做了某事”；后接不定式(多为tosay/totell/toinform)时，一般表示“对即将发生的事表示遗憾/抱歉”。类似后接动名词、不定式作宾语时意义区别很大的动词(短语)还有：(1)rememberdoingsth. 记得曾经做过某事remembertodosth. 记住去做某事(2)forgetdoingsth. 忘记已经做过某事forgettodosth. 忘记去做某事3．burstout突然发生，突然……起来burstoutdoing＝burstinto＋n. 突然……起来burstin(in为副词) 闯进来；突然插嘴burstinto(into为介词) 突然闯入burstwithanger/joy 勃然大怒/乐不可支[题点全练]单句语法填空①Upon/Onhearingthebadnews,hismotherburstintotears/burstoutcrying.②Hefelthewouldburstwithangerandshame.③Whenhemadeaspeech,thegatheringburstintothunderousapplause.④Iwastalkingwiththeteacherwhenaboyburstin,_interruptingourconversations.4．without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句Itwould_have_beenimpossibletofindmydaughterwithoutthehelpofFriendsReunited.要是没有“老友重聚”网站的帮助，我就不可能找到我女儿。(1)wouldhavebeen是虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设。without引导的介词短语表示含蓄虚拟条件，相当于一个if引导的虚拟条件句。既可表示与现在事实相反的假设，又可表示与过去事实相反的假设。①Withouthissuggestion,Iwouldn't_have_finishedtheprojectontime.要是没有他的建议，我将不会按时完成这个项目。(2)含蓄虚拟条件句还可以用butfor,otherwise,or,but等词(或短语)来引导。②Thankyouforyourtimelyhelp;otherwisewewould_beingreattroublenow.感谢你的及时帮助，否则我们现在会有大麻烦。③Imight_have_gonetoseethefilmWolfWarriorsⅡlastnightbutforthefactthatIwasbusypreparingfortheEnglishexam.要不是我昨晚忙着准备英语考试我可能已经去看《战狼Ⅱ》这部电影了。考点新组合阅读微技能Tom'swifewassavedintheearthquakeandhewassogratefulthathedecidedtohelpsomepoorchildren________❶return.Hethinksitiseducationthatcountsratherthananythingelseinone'slife,soheraisedasumofmoney,with________❷hehelpedfivechildrencontinuetheirstudy.Sofarhehaskeptintouchwiththesechildren.1.①处应填入的介词是in。2.②处应填入的单词是which。3.WhydidTomhelpsomestudents?A.Becausehewantedtorepaysociety.B.Becausehewassavedbystudents.C.Becauseheraisedlotsofmoney.答案：A5．countv．数；计数；认为，看作；重要，有价值；算得上n.计数；总数(1)count...as... 把……看作……countout 不算countin 把……计算在内countonitthat... 依靠/指望……counton/uponsb.todosth. 指望/依靠某人做某事(2)countableadj. 可数的countlessadj.无数的，数不尽的[多角练透]单句语法填空①Hecannotcountonhisfriendsto_help(help)himwhenintrouble,forheisaselfishguy.②Therearecountless(count)fallenleavesasiftheywerearedblanketcoveringtheground.③Wecounthimasoneoftheclevereststudentsinourclass.补全句子④Whenthegamegetsstarted,youcancount_me_in.比赛开始的话，也可以算我一个。⑤I'msorry,you'llhavetocount_me_outtonight.很抱歉，今晚就别把我算在内了。单句改错⑥Wecanonlycountonthathewillrescueus.on后加it_6．raisev．筹措(金钱)，筹集；养育，饲养；举起，提高；唤起；提出；引起，使出现[一词多义]写出下列句中raise的含义①Themotherraisedherchildreninanunusualway.养育②Anumberofsuggestionswereraisedatthemeeting.提出③Withtheimprovementofthepeople'slivingstandard,somepeopleformahabitofraisingsmallordomesticanimalsaspets.饲养④Thewaytheresearchwascarriedoutraisesdoubtsabouttheresults.引起，使出现⑤Ayearlater,Ireachedmygoal:Ilost150poundsandraised$50,000!(2017·天津高考)筹措(金钱)⑥Whoeverhasdifficultywiththeproblemcanraiseyourhands.举起[归纳拓展]raiseone'shand/eyes 举手/举目raisemoney/funds 筹措资金raiseone'svoice 提高嗓音raisesb.'sspirits 鼓舞某人的情绪raiseone'sawareness 提高某人的认识⑦Becausethemotherwho_has_to_raise_two_children_alonesuffersfromcancernow,Iwanttoraise_some_money_for_her.因为这位不得不独自抚养两个孩子的母亲现在患上了癌症，我想为她筹集一些钱。7．inreturn反过来；作为交换；作为回报inreturnfor... 作为对……的回报on/uponone'sreturn 某人一回来inturn 轮流，依次；反过来byturns 轮流；交替地选用上述短语填空①In_return_fortheloveandcarefromtheparents,weshouldrememberthattakingcareofthemistheunshakeableresponsibility.②YoumentionedthatyouwouldliketoteachEnglishin_return,_whichisexactlywhatIamdyingfor.(2015·四川高考书面表达)③Whathappensintheworldmakesushappyandsadby_turns.④On/Upon_his_returnfromAmerica,hegotdowntohisresearch.8．keepintouch保持联系(1)getintouchwithsb. 和某人取得联系(动作)keepintouchwithsb. 和某人保持联系(状态)beintouchwithsb. 和某人保持联系(状态)(2)losetouchwithsb. 和某人失去联系(动作)beoutoftouchwithsb. 和某人失去联系(状态)补全句子①Itishardtoget_in_touch_withLily,forwehaven'tbeen_in_touch_witheachothersincegraduation.我们很难联系上莉莉，因为自从毕业以后我们就相互没有联系过。②Pleaseleaveyourphonenumberincasewelose_touch_withyouagain.请留下号码，以防我们再次和你失去联系。③Ican'tgiveyouadvice,becauseIamout_of_touch_witheconomicconditionsnow.我不能给你提供建议，因为我不了解现阶段的经济状况。[名师指津]keep/beintouchwith和beoutoftouchwith表示状态，可与时间段连用；而getintouchwith和losetouchwith表示动作，不能与时间段连用。④Believeitornot,Ihave_been/kept_in_touch_withhimfortenyears.信不信由你，10年来我与他一直保持联系。[单元语基落实]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Don'tcounton/uponotherpeopletohelpyououtoftrouble.2．Thefactmentioned(mention)aboveishardforallthepeoplepresenttobelieve.3．Asisknowntousall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry,belonging(belong)tothethirdworld.4．Healthproblemsareclosely(close)connectedwithbadeatinghabitsandalackofexercise.5．Notmanypeopleagreewiththegovernment'sprediction(predict)thattheeconomywillimprove.6．Weregretto_hear(hear)nearlyhalfofthepeopleinthatareastilllivebelowthepovertyline.7．Tom'sfatherburstoutcrying(cry)whenhesawTomeatingcandyhappilyinthepolicerefugeforlostchildren.8．Hiseffortsto_raise(raise)moneyforhisprogramwereinvain,becausenooneshowedanyintentiontotakeacentoutoftheirpockets.9．Thoughheisbusy,heisveryconsiderate(consider)andmakesatelephonecalltohisparentsfromtimetotimeandtrieshisbesttosparesometimetovisitthem.10．Iwastalkingonthephoneandsuddenlygotdisconnected.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Wewillkeepintouchassoonasweknowtheresultofthetest.keep→get2．MyfriendsentmeaThank­youcardasreturn.as→in3．Sheashamedofaskingquestions,soshekeptsilentallthetime.ashamed前加was4．Ican'thavegonethroughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.can't→couldn't5．Icameacrossmyprimaryschoolteacherthismorning,whomIhavebeenoutoftouchforalmost20years.whom前加withⅢ.根据提示词和相关要求补全句子1．我清楚地记得我第一次在公共场合发言的情景。(thefirsttime)Ivividlyrememberthe_first_time_I_spoke_in_public.2．具备了必要的知识和技能后，这个年轻人满怀信心地去了就业市场。(现在分词作状语)Having_equipped_himself_with_necessary_knowledge_and_skills,_theyoungmanwenttothejobmarketwithmuchconfidence.3．为了减少垃圾的数量并保护环境，越来越多的政府正在要求人们回收利用材料。(amount)Todecreasethe_amount_of_rubbishandtoprotecttheenvironment,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.4．随着爷爷年龄的增长，他对什么都失去了兴趣，除了钓鱼。(loseinterestin)Asmygrandfathergrewolder,helost_interest_in_everything_except_fishing.5．我和他一提起踢足球的事，他就说太忙。(mention)Whenever_I_mention_playing_football,_hesayshe'stoobusy.Ⅳ.句型转换/一句多译1．Wedidn'tknowyouwereintroubleatthattime,andifweknewyouwereintroubleatthattime,wewouldhavegivenyouahand.→Wedidn'tknowyouwereintroubleatthattime,or/otherwise_we_would_have_given_you_a_hand.2．Ifithadn'tbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn'thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.→But_for_your_help,_wecouldn'thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.→Without_your_help,_wecouldn'thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.3．WhenIfirstvisitedMountTai,Iwasdeeplyimpressedwithitsbeautifulscenery.→The_first_timeIvisitedMountTai,Iwasdeeplyimpressedwithitsbeautifulscenery.4．突然大哭和突然大笑对你的健康都有害。①Both_bursting_into_tears_and_bursting_into_laughter_do_harm_to_your_health.(burstinto)②Both_bursting_out_crying_and_bursting_out_laughing_do_harm_to_your_health.(burstout)[高考拆组训练]主观题强化增分专练——练规范(限时：45分钟)Ⅰ.语法填空(2018·成都模拟)Over2,200yearsago,Chengduwasthreatenedbyfrequentfloods.LiBing,togetherwithhisson,decidedtoconstructanirrigationsystemontheMinjiangRiver__1__(prevent)flooding.__2__havingalongstudyandalotofhardworkbythelocalpeople,thegreatDujiangyanIrrigationSystemwaspleted.Sincethen,theChengduPlain__3__(be)freeoffloodingandthepeoplehavebeenlivingpeacefullyandwealthily.Itisthe__4__(old)andonlysurvivingno­damirrigatiorsystemintheworld.Itisalso__5__wonderinthedevelopmentofChinesescience.Theprojectconsistsofthreeimportantparts,namelyYuzui,FeishayanandBaopingkou,whichwere__6__(science)designedtocontrolthewaterflowoftheriversthroughouttheyear.ThereisagloriousbridgecalledtheAnlanCableBridgecrossingtheMinjiangRiveraboveYuzui,__7__youcanclearlyseetheentiresystem.Thegreat__8__(construct)originallystartedbeforetheSongDynasty.Atthattime,thebodyofthebridgewasconstructedwithwoodenblocksandthehandrails(扶手)weremadeofbamboo.Recentlythewoodandbamboohavebeenreplacedwithsteelandconcretetoguaranteethesecurityof__9__(visit)fromhomeandabroad.Seenfromafar,thebridgelookslikearainbow__10__(hang)overtheriver.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了成都都江堰水利工程的建造过程、世界地位、历史价值以及该工程的现状。1．toprevent根据语境可知，李冰和他的儿子在岷江建造灌溉系统的目的是阻止洪水在成都泛滥，故此处应用动词不定式表示目的。2．After句意：在经过长期调研和地方群众的艰苦工作之后，伟大的都江堰水利工程完工了。after意为“在……之后”，符合语境。3．hasbeen句意：从那时起，成都平原不再受洪水侵扰，人们过着和平、富裕的生活。根据该句中的“Sincethen”及“havebe