(完整版)南京师大附中2018-2019学年第1学期高三年级英语试卷

南京师大附中2018-2019学年第1学期高三年级英语试卷2018.12JingSuhua江苏省海安高级中学景苏华1/9QQ:771515126

南京师大附中2018-2019学年第1学期

高三年级英语试卷

命题人:高三英语备课组第1卷(共85分)第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节(共5小题：每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话对后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.

Which

place

does

the

man

spend

most

of

his

lunch

time

in

these

days?

A.

A

store.

B.

The

library.

C.

His

office.2.

Where

have

the

speakers

probably

been?

A.

A

flower

show.

B.

A

restaurant

C.

A

concert3.

What

happened

to

the

woman?

A.

Someone

knocked

her

down.B.

Her

friend

just

had

an

operationC.

Something

was

stolen

from

her.4.

Whois

the

man

playing

the

game

with?

A.His

friend

Samantha.

B.

The

woman.

C.

A

stranger5.

What

are

the

speakers

mainly

talking

about?

A.

Rules

for

winning

a

prize.B.

How

to

lose

weight.C.

A

special

diet.第二节（共15小题；每小分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C3个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.

What

does

the

woman

hope

to

buy?

A.

Ashirt

B.Abag

C.

A

computer7.

Who

is

the

man?

A.

The

manager

of

the

shop.B.

The

woman's

assistant.C.

A

shop

assistant.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.

Why

was

the

woman

on

the

news?

A.

She

won

a

music

contest.

B.

She

sang

a

song

for

charityC.She

wrote

a

song

for

the

TV

station.9.Whatisherplanaboutsinging?A.Shedecidestobeaprofessionalsinger.B.Shewillsticktoitwhateverhappens.C.Shewilljustsinginhersparetime.

听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。10.What

are

the

speakers

doing?A.

watching

ads

onTV

B.Reading

ads

ina

newspaperC.

Looking

for

anofficebuilding

11.

What

kind

of

company

isCulture

Flash?

A.Aclothing

company.

B.

An

education

company.

c.

A

chemical

company.12.

What's

one

of

the

requirements

of

the

job

offer?

A.

Rich

experience.

B.

Being

able

to

travel.

C.

Being

independent13.

What

will

the

man

probably

do

later?

A.

Go

to

class

B.

Look

for

a

different

job.C.

Go

to

the

company'soffice.

听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.

Where

did

the

woman

take

her

pictures?

A.

In

Australia

B.

In

America

C.

in

Africa,15.

How

much

money

did

the

man

save

by

buying

his

camera

in

Japan?

A.

S200.

B.$400.

C.

$500.l6.

What

mistake

did

the

woman

make?

A.

She

didn't

save

her

own

pictures

B.

She

thought

the

man

bad

saved

his

pictures.C.

She

accidentally

broke

the

man's

camera,17.

How

did

the

man

sound

in

the

end?

A.Angry

B.

Surprised.

C.

Delighted.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.

What

are

the

people

going

to

do

tomorrow

morning?

A

Havea

meeting

B.

See

a

performance.

C.

Visit

the

sick

speaker19.

Why

does

the

chairman

have

to

change

today's

plan?

A.

The

first

speaker

is

sickB

Diana

wants

tospeak

firstC.

He

wants

to

have

coffee

earlier

20.

When

are

the

people

going

to

have

their

coffee

break?

A.

At9:00

B.

At

9:30

C.At

10;00

第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）第一节单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。21.

Human

rights

protection

is

a

universal

principle

that____all,including

criminals.

A.

caters

to

B.

appliestoC.

adapts

to

D.submitsto22.

Driving

in

rush

hour

traffic_____

be

very

dangerous,

so

you_______betoo

careful

A

should;

ought

to

B.

could;

shouldC.

might;

mustn't

D.

can;

can’t

23.____

some

teenagers

don't

realize

is_____

difficult

life

canbe

after

they

get

addicted

to

drugs.

A.

What;

what

a

B

That;

what

C.

That;

how

D.

What,

how24.

There

is

no

universal_____

for

discovering

these

simplifying

patterns

of

nature.A.prescription

B.

presentation

C.

preservation

D

prediction25.

—

Ann,

you

look

so

tired

and

wet

all

over!

—

Well,

you

know,

all

morning

I_____

my

properties

to

my

newoffice

on

thethird

floor,

A.

had

moved

B.

have

been

moving

C.

am

moving

D.

have

moved26.

After

several

hours

of

struggling

in

the

snow,

they

finally

arrived___

they

had

thought

they

should

be

picked

up.

A.

which

B.

where

C.

when

D.

what

27.

The

singer

will

have

to___her

image

if

she

wants

to

win

the

support

from

fans.

A.

advance

B.

improve

C.

evolve

D

promote

28.

They

also

developed

their

own

language,

_______

there

are

now

approximatelysixty

varieties.

A.

of

which

B.

about

which

C.

whose

D.

what

29.

China's

updated

adverising

law

is

regarded

as

the

strictest

in

history

since

it___

lies

in

all

forms

of

advertisement.

A.

has

banned

B.

banned

C.

is

banning

D.

bans

30.

A

new

study

surprised

researchers,________

that

for

adolescent

girls,

romantic

relationship

problems

can

have

serious,

negative

effects

on

their

mental

health.A.

only

to

find

B.

found

C.

finding

D.

having

found31.

Sometimes

we

get

so

caught

up

in

trying

to

accomplish

something

big_____

we

fail

to

notice

the

little

things

that

give

life

its

magic.

A.

while

B.

until

C.

before

D.

that32.

Much

disappointed

as

he

is_____

in

the

job

interview,

he

still

keeps

his

confidence.

A.

to

have

failed

B.

failed

C.

having

failed

D.

failing33.

Unstable

employment

and

high

turnover

do

not

necessarily_____

accumulation

of

experience.

A.

push

for

B.

provide

for

C.

allow

for

D.

head

for

34.The

twenty-first

centuryfinds

many

people

using

more

natural,

less

drug-orientedtherapies,

sometimes

as

an

alternative

to_____medicines.

A.

systematic

B.

artificial

C.

tentative

D

conventional

35.—I’m

looking

for

a

first

edition

of

Alice

in

Wonderlandtor

my

mother’s

birthday.—Well,

____,butit's

worthatry

A

you

saidit

B.

it's

a

long

shot

C.

you

beatmetoit.

D

it’sa

marvelous

idea

第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

There

is

a

war

destroying

the

world,

I

speak

not

of

the

conflicts

between

men

or36

I

speak

of

another,37

different

kind

of

war.

Itis

not

a

war

forpolitical

reason

or

for

teritorial

expansion.

Its

basis

is

far

simpler

thanthat,38its

potential

implications

far

exceed

anything

our

civlization

has

ever

seen.

I

speak

ofthe39

battle

between

mankind

and

the

other

creatures

of

this

world.

A(An)

40example

of

such

battle

is

that

which

currently

continues

withviolence

in

the

Serengeti

National

Park.

The

Tanzanian

government

intends

to41

the

road

which

runs

across

50

km

of

the

park.

The

annual

migrations

in

thisregion

42

tmore

than

15

million

animals,

primarily

wildebeests

and

zebras.These

annual

migrations

are

considered

one

of

the

greatest

natural43of

theworld.

The

paving

of

this

road

would

have

disastrous

consequences

both

to

themigrating

herds

and

the

local

environment

itself.

Butas

44as

this

would

be,

itis

not

the

sole

repercussion(反响)

that

would

follow.

Nature

isa45,

with

all

its

parts

working

together

in

harmony.

'The

lion

andcheetah

population,which

also46

to

be

among

the

most

popular

touristattractions

in

the

park,

depend

heavily

upon

the

annual

migration

for

their

food47

.

The

48

of

such

conflicts

is

extensive.

One

needs

only

to

turn

on

the

newsor

read

a

local

paper

tofind

stories

of

such

conflicts

between

man

and

nature.It

is49

to

affectone

link

in

the

chain

which

is

part

of

a

given

environment

withoutcausing

disastrous

consequences.

Human

beings

are

the

ultimate

embodiment(体现)of

this

destructive50

on

the

planet.

Our

invasion

into

various

(51)

habitatscomes

ina

variety

of

forms.

Mankind,52is

the

single

greatest

contributor

toecological

imbalance

on

the

planet.

Conversely,

to

be

honest,

we

are

also

the

speciesthat

holds

the

53

to

have

the

greatest

positive

effect

upon

this

world'secosystems.

We54

it

within

us

to

either

save

or

destroy.

The

ability

and

thechoice

are

ours.

We

as

a

species

need

to

acquire

environmental

awareness55our

own

shortsightedness

and

indifference

condemn

us

and

our

fellow

inhabitants

ofthis

world

to

extinction.36

A.

politiciansB.

soldiersC.

countriesD.

historians37.

A.

vastlyB

generallyC.

hardlyD.

hopefully38.A.

soB.

yetC.

evenifD.

as

though39.A

ongoingB.

fierceC.

bloodyD.

temporary40.

A.rareB.

ordinary

C.

outwardD.

prime4I.A.

paveB

enlargeC.monitorD.

abandon42.

A.

concern

B.

involve

C.

affectD.

encourage43.

A.

wonders

B.

viewsC.

sceneryD.

sight44.

A.

challengingB.

particularC.

impressiveD

.tragic45.

A.

blendB.

miracleC.

treasureD

.dilemma46.

A.

tendB.

seemC.

meanD.

happen47.A.

varietyB.

safetyC.

industryD.

supply48.A.

listB.

resultC.

cause

D.

future49.A.

enormous

B.

impossible

C.

shockingD.

permanent50.

A.

economy

B.

pollution

C.

potentialD.

resource51.

A.

apparentB.

delicateC.reservedD.

protected52.A.

in

generalB.

in

this

regard

C.

as

a

wholeD.

for

the

long

term53.A

.viewB.

abilityC.

responsibilityD.

imagination54.

A.

choose

B.

have

C.

deserveD

appreciate55.A.

before

B.

whenC.as

D.

unless第三部分：阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A

American

dramas

and

situation

comedies

would

have

been

candidates

for

primetime

several

years

ago.

But

those

programs--though

some

remain

popularincreasingly

occupy

less

important

periods

on

foreign

networks.

Instead,

a

growingnumber

of

shows

produced

by

local

broadcasters

are

on

the

air

at

the

best

times.

The

shift

opposes

longstanding

assumptions

that

TV

shows

produced

in

theUnited

States

would

continue

to

overshadow

locally

produced

shows

from

Singaporeto

Sicily.

The

changes

are

coming

at

a

time

when

the

influence

of

the

United

States

onintenational

affairs

has

annoyed

friends

and

enemies

alike,

and

some

people

areexpressing

relief

that

at

least

on

television

American

culture

is

no

longer

quite

theforce

it

once

was.

“There

has

always

been

a

concern

that

the

image

of

the

world

would

be

shapedtoo

much

by

American

lecture,"

said

Dr.

Jo

Groebek,

director

general

of

the

EuropeanInstitute

for

the

Media,

a

non-profit

group.

Given

the

choice,

he

adds,

foreign

viewersoften

prefer

homegrown

shows

that

better

reflect

local

tastes,

cultures

and

historicalevents.

Unlike

in

the

United

States,

commercial

broadcasting

in

most

regions

of

theworld-including

Asia,

Europe,

and

a

less

extent

Latin

America,

which

hasa

longhistory

of

commercial

TV

is

a

relatively

recent

development.

A

majority

of

broadcasters

in

many

countries

were

either

state-owned

orstate-sponsored

for

much

of

the

lastcentury,

Governments

began

to

relax

their

controlin

the

1980's

by

privatizing

national

broadcasters

and

granting

licenses

to

dozens

ofnewcommercialnetworks.Theriseofcableandsatellitepay-televisionincreasedthe

spectrum(范围)of

channels.

Relatively

inexperiened

and

often

under-

financed,

these

new

commercial

stationsneeded

hours

of

programming

fast.

The

cheapest

and

easiest

way

to

fill

airtime

was

to

buyshows

from

American

studios,

and

the

bidding

wars

for

popular

shows

werefierce.Тhе

bіg

Аmеrісаn

ѕtudіоѕ

tоok

аdvаntаgе

оf

thаt

dеmаnd

by

raіѕіng

рrісеѕ

аndforcingforeign

broadcastersto

buy

less

popular

programs

if

they

wanted

access

to

thethebest-selling

shows

and

movies.

“The

studio

priced

themselves

out

of

prime

time,"

said

Hary

Evans

Sloan,Chaitman

of

SBS

Broadcasting,

a

Pan-

European

broadcaster,

Mr.

Sloan

estimates

thatover

the

last

decade,

the

price

of

American

programs

has

increased

fivefold

even

asthe

international

ratings

for

these

shows

have

declined.

American

broadcasters

are

still

the

biggest

buyers

of

American-

made

televisionshows,

accounting

for

90%

of

the

$25

billion

in

2001

sales.

But

international

saleswlich

totaled

$2.5

billion

last

year

often

make

the

difference

between

a

profit

and

aloss

on

show.

As

the

pace

of

foreign

sales

slows

the

market

is

now

growing

at

5%a

year,

down

from

the

double-

digit

growth

of

the

1990's--

-

studio

executives

arerethinking

production

costs.

56.

The

intervention

(干预)

of

governments

in

the

1980's

probably

resulted

in

A.

the

patenting

of

domination

shows

and

moviesB.

the

emergence

of

new

commercial

networks

C.

the

promotion

of

cable

and

satellite

pay-televisionD.

the

intense

competition

coming

from

the

outside

57.

The

main

reason

why

American

dramas

and

situation

comedies

are

driven

out

of

prime

time

is

that________.

A.

they

lose

competitivenessB.

theyare

not

market-orientedC.

they

are

too

much

priced

D.

they

fall

short

of

audience

expectations

58.

American

studio

produces

will

give

thought

to

production

costs_____.

A.

ifhey

have

no

access

to

popular

showsB.

because

theirefforts

come

to

no

satisfactionC.

since

bidding

warsare

no

longer

fierceD.

as

international

sales

pace

slows

down

B

The

idea

ofa

vacuum(真空)

cleaner

originates

from

the

19th

century,

The

firstvacuum

cleaners

had

to

be

operated

by

hand.

Two

persons

were

needed

for

this:

onetooperate

the

bellows(风箱)

and

the

other

to

move

the

mouthpiece

over

the

floor.

Thedustwasblown

into

the

air.

On

August

30th

1901,

Hubert

Cecil

Booth,

a

British

engineer,

received

a

Britishpatent

for

a

vacuum

cleaner.

It

took

the

form

of

a

large,

horse-

drawn,petrol-drivenunit

which

was

parked

outside

the

building

to

be

cleaned

with

long

flexible

pipe,

beingfed

through

the

windows.

Until

then

vacuum

cleancrs

blew

the

dust

away,

but

Booth

came

up

with

the

ideaof

sucking

away

dust

instead

of

blowing.

Furthermore,

Booth

equippedhiscleanerwith

a

filter,

which

kept

the

dust

in

the

machine.

All

modern

vacuum

cleanersarebasedon

Booth's

principle.

As

Hubert

Booth

demonstrated

his

vacuuming

device

in

a

restaurant

in

1901,twoAmericans

introduced

variations

on

the

same

theme.

Corirnne

Dufour

inventedadevice

that

sucked

into

a

wet

sponge.

David

E.

Kenney'shuge

machine

was

installedin

the

cellar

and

connected

to

a

network

of

pipes

leading

toeach

room

in

the

house.

Agroup

of

cleaners

move

the

machine

from

house

to

house.

In

1903,

wealthy

society

ladies

threw“vacuum

cleaner

parties".

Guests

sippedtheir

tea

and

lifted

their

feet

for

Booth's

uninformed

attendants

to

vacuum

the

carpet.After

giving

a

vacuum

demorstration

at

the

Royal

Mint（皇家铸币厂）,

Booth,

onleaving,

was

stopped

by

the

police.

He

had

forgotten

to

empty

the

dust

bag,

whichcontained

a

large

quantity

of

gold

dustfrom

the

Mint.

In

1910,

Profesor

Stanley

Kent

of

University

College,

Bristol

found

355,500,000living

organisms

in

just

one

gramme

of

dust

extracted

from

Marlborough

Hotel,

thehome

of

HRH

The

Princess

of

Wales.

In

1907,

James

Mutray

Spangler,

a

janitor

in

a

Canton,

Ohio

department

store,deduced

that

the

carpet

sweeper

he

used

was

the

source

of

his

cough.

He

managedwith

an

old

fan

motor

and

attached

it

toa

soap

box

stapled

to

a

broom

handle.

He

thenimproved

his

basic

model

the

first

to

use

both

a

cloth

filter

bag

and

cleaningattachments,

and

received

a

patent

in

1908,

and

formed

the

Electric

Suction

SweeperCompany,

One

of

the

first

buyers

was

a

cousin,

whose

husband,

William

H.

Hoover,later

became

the

president

of

the

Hoover

Company,

with

Spangler

as

a

superintendent.Hoover's

improvements

resembled

a

bagpípe

attached

to

a

cake

box,

but

they

worked.Sluggish

sales

were

given

a

kick

by

Hoover's

10-day

free

home

trial,

and

eventuallythere

was

a

Hoover

vacuum

cleaner

in

nearly

every

home.

John

Thurman

started

a

horse

drawn

(door

to

door

service)

vacuum

systemin

StLouis,

similar

to

Booth.

His

vacuum

services

were

priced

at

$4

per

visit

in

1903.

Heinvented

his

gasoline

powered

vacuum

cleaner

in

1899

and

some

historians

consider

itthe

first

motorized

vacuum

cleaner.

Thurman's

machine

was

patented

on

October

3,1899

(patent

#634,042).

59.

The

author

mentions

the

demonstation

at

the

Royal

Mint

in

order

to

illustrate

that

Booth's

vacuum

cleaner_________.

A.

amazed

the

upper

class

B.

could

work

efficientlyC.

was

once

very

popular

D.

needed

improvement60.

What

was

found

by

Stanley

Kent

is

similar

to

that

discoveredby_______.

A.

Booth

B.

Spangler

C.

Hoover

D.

Thurman61.

The

Hoover

company

began

to

prosper

after

_________.

A.

it

used

the

free

home

trial

strategy

B.

ithired

Spangler

as

superintendent

C.

avacuum

cleaner

suitable

for

every

family

was

madeD.

Hooverimproved

Spangler’s

electric

vacuum

cleaner

C

Many

people

seem

to

think

that

sciencefiction

is

related

to

the

covers

of

someof

the

old

pulp

magazines(廉价低级杂志)

:

the

Bug

Eyed

Monster

representing

everycharacteristicand

feature

that

most

people

find

unpleasant

is

about

to

grab,

andprobably

have

sex

with,

a

sweet,

blonde

Earth

girl

wearingpretty

muchnext

to

nothing.

This

is

unfortunate

because

it

degrades

a

worthwhile

andeven

important

literary

trial.

In

contrast

of

this

unjustified

image,

science

fiction

rarely

emphasizessex,

and

when

it

does,

it

is

moremodest

than

other

contemporary

fiction.Instead,

the

basic

interest

of

science

fiction

lies

in

the

relation

between

man

and

histechnology

and

between

man

and

the

universe.

Science

fiction

is

a

literature

of

changeand

a

litrature

of

the

future,

and

while

it

would

be

foolish

to

claim

that

sciencefiction

is

a

major

literary

genre(体裁、种类)

at

this

time,

the

aspects

of

human

lifethat

itconsiders

make

it

well

worth

reading

and

studying

for

no

other

literary

formdoes

quite

the

same

things.

What

is

science

fietion?

To

begin,

the

following

definition

should

be

helpful:science

fiction

is

a

literary

sub-genre

which

puts

forward

a

change

(for

human

beings)from

conditions

as

we

know

them

and

follows

the

implications

of

these

changes

to

aconclusion.

Although

this

definition

will

necessarily

be

modified

and

expanded,

itcovers

much

of

the

basic

groundwork

and

provides

a

point

of

departure.

The

first

point

that

science

fiction

is

a

literary

sub-gere

is

a

very

important

one,but

one

which

is

often

overlooked

or

ignored

in

most

discussions

of

science

fiction.Specifically,

science

fiction

is

either

a

short

story

or

a

novel.

There

are

only

a

fewdramas

which

could

be

called

science

fiction,

with

Karel

Capek's

RUR

(Rossum’sUniversal

Robots)

beingthe

only

one

that

is

well

known;

the

body

of

poetry

thatmight

be

labeled

science

fiction

is

only

slightly

larger.

To

say

that

science

fiction

is

asub-genre

of

fiction

is

to

say

that

it

has

all

the

basic

characteristics

and

serves

thesame

basic

functions

in

much

the

same

way

as

fiction

in

general,

that

is,it

shares

agreat

deal

with

all

other

novels

and

short

stories.

Everything

that

can

be

said

about

fiction,

in

general,

applies

to

science

fiction.Every

piece

of

science

fietion,

whether

short

story

or

novel,

must

have

a

narrator,

astory,

a

plot,

a

setting,

characters,

language,

and

theme,

And

like

any

other

kind

offiction,

the

themes

of

science

fiction

are

concerncd

with

interpreting

man's

nature

andexperience

in

relation

to

the

world

around

him.

Themes

in

science

fiction

areconstructed

and

presented

in

exactly

the

same

ways

that

themes

are

dealt

with

in

anyother

kind

of

fiction.

They

are

the

result

of

a

particular

combination

of

narrator,

story,plot,character,

setting,

and

language.

In

short,

the

reasons

for

reading

and

enjoyingsciencefiction,

and

the

ways

of

studying

and

analyzing

it,

are

basically

the

same

asthey

would

be

for

any

other

story

or

novel.62.

According

to

the

author,

the

popular

image

of

science

fiction

is_______.A.

prejudiced

B.

neutral

C.

worthy

D.

admiring63.

Science

fiction

is

called

a

literary

sub-genre

because_______.A.

it

is

not

important

enough

to

be

a

literary

genreB.

it

cannot

be

made

dramatic

presentation

C.

it

shares

characteristics

with

other

types

of

fictionD.

to

call

it

a

"genre"

would

subject

it

to

literary

item64.The

last

sentence

of

the

passage

implies

that_____.

A.

thereader

shouldturn

next

to

commentaries

on

general

fictionB.

there

is

no

reason

for

any

reader

not

to

like

science

fiction

C.

the

reader

should

compare

other

novels

and

stories

with

science

fiction

D.

those

who

can

appreciatc

other

kinds

of

fiction

can

appreciate

sciencc

fiction65.

An

appropriate

title

for

this

passage

would

be_______.A.

On

the

Inaccuracies

of

Pulp

MagazinesB.

Toward

a

Definition

of

Science

FictionC.

Abouta

Type

of

Fiction

D.

Beyond

the

Bug

Eyed

Monster

DCancer

researchers

are

leaning

to

read

genes

like

a

crystal

ball

to

predict

howpatients

will

respondto

cancer

therapy,

who

will

suffer

the

worst

side

effects

and

whattreatments

may

be

best

for

a

particular

patient.

Foreseeing

the

outcome

of

treatment,and

knowing

with

certaintywhich

drugs

are

best

for

Individual

patients,

have

longbeen

the

goals

of

cancer

researchers.For

at

least

40

years,oncologists(肿瘤学家)

have

puzzled

over

why

somepatients

respond

so

well

to

chemotherapy

while

others

obtain

modest

benefits

or

noneat

all.

The

discovery

decades

ago

that

linked

a

chromosome（染色体）

abnormality

toone

form

of

leukemia(白血病)

paved

the

way

for

the

development

ofthe

drugGleevee

by

Druker

and

the

ability

to

identify

the

patients

most

likely

to

benefit,

Morerecently,

with

the

wealth

of

knowledge

from

the

Human

Genome

Project,

researchershave

been

able

to

develop

evenmore

specific

tools

to

create

genetic

profiles

of

tumorsand

match

those

profiles

with

the

right

drugs.

The

tools

also

help

delermine

whichpatients

are

most

likely

to

experience

the

worst

side

effects

of

specific

types

ofchemotherapy

and

guide

them

to

other

treatments.Researchers

from

the

University

of

Chicago

studied

alternations(改变)

of

theUGTIA1

gene,

associatedwith

an

increased

chance

of

chemotherepy

side

etfects.Mark

Ratain

and

his

team

studied

61

colon(结肠)

cancer

patients

receivingirinotecan（化疗）

and

learned

that

patients

with

alterations

of

the

gene

that

labeled

as7/7

were

most

likely

to

suffer

severe

losses

of

white

blood

cells.

Patients

with

the

6/7alteration

type

had

intermediate

side

effects,

and

patients

with

the

6/6

type

had

none.Scientists

at

the

Massachusetts

General

Hospital

examined

genes

that

normallyhave

the

ability

to

repair

damage

to

DNA

in

cells

called

XPD

and

XRCCI.

Thenurmber

of

veriations

in

these

genes

indicates

how

long

a

patient

is

likely

to

survive,Sarada

Gurubhagavatula

and

her

team

studied

variations

of

these

genes

in

103patients

diagnosed

with

advanced

non-

smallcell

lung

cancer.

Patients

with

a

totalofthree

variations

in

the

genes

survived

a

median

of

6.8

months;

those

with

twovariations

survived

11

months;

patients

with

one

variation

survived

16.6months.

Andthose

with

no

variations

survived

20.4

months.

Gurubhagavatula

says

the

variationscould

be

identified

and

those

with

the

worst

predicted

outcomes

put

an

chemotherapyplans

that

offer

better

odds

of

survival.

Scientigts

at

Cedars

Sinai

Medical

Center

and

Genomic

Health

Inc.

havedeveloped

a

way

to

test

lung

tumors

for

genetic

profiles

associated

with

responses

tothe

new

lung

cancer

drug

Iressa.

The

drug

has

been

shown

to

shrink

tunors

in

10%

to12%

of

patients

with

advanced

lung

cancer

David

Agus

at

Cedar

Sinai

found

apattern

of

185

genes

that

are

turned

off

and

on

in

a

manner

that

correlates

withresponse

to

lressa

or

to

a

lack

of

response.

When

used

commercially,

the

test

willtarget

patients

most

likely

to

benefit

and

will

allow

patients

to

make

other

choices

ifthe

negative

profile

is

found.66.

The

passage

is

mainly

about_______.

A.the

search

for

effective

cancer

treatment

drugsB.

the

goals

of

cancer

therapyC.

the

success

in

reading

genes

D.

the

advances

in

cancer

treatment

67.

Tbe

achievements

from

Human

Genome

Project

enable

researchers

to

_______.

A.

diagnose

a

chromosome

abnormality

more

accuratelyB.

develop

cancer

treatment

drugs

like

Gleevee

C.administer

cancer

treatment

with

fewer

side

effects

D

come

up

with

chemotherapy

as

an

effective

tool

for

cancertreatment68.

The

author

mentions

the

three

researches

to______.

A.

make

a

contrastive

analysis

of

them

B.

illustrate

the

achievements

in

cancer

therapy

C.

present

the

similaritiesanddifferences

betweenthemD.

show

bow

altered

genes

can

cause

cancer

69.The

undertined

word

"profile"

in

the

second

paragraph

most

probably

means______.

A.

graphic

presentationB.

scientific

discoveryC.

inherited

source

D.

specific

treatment

plan

70.

Sarada

and

her

team

are

convinced

that_______.

A.

research

on

genes

offers

them

greater

predictive

powerB.

lung

cancer

caused

by

variation

of

genes

C.

patients

can

survive

lung

cancer

by

altering

their

genes

D.

chemotherapy

can

save

the

worst

lung

cancer

patients第四部分：任务型阅读（共10题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

Positive

thinking

is

a

significant

element

of

happiness.

In

order

tobecomeapositivethinker,determinationandconsistencyareimportant.Thefirstthing

to

knowabout

positivethinking

is

that

everyone

can

do

it

with

certain

cognitive（认知的）andbehavioraladjustment,wecanallbecomepositivethinkers.Another

importantfactoristhatbeingapositivethinkerdoesnotmeanyoubecomenumbtoanythingthatnot

working

properly

in

your

life

or

is

negativeit

just

means

that

you

approachlifeand

face

challenges

with

a

healthier

outlook.

To

become

a

positive

thinker,

these

may

help

you:Change

your

self-monitoring

Instead

of

selectively

attending

to

negative

events,

focus

on

the

positive

ones.Then

pay

attention

to

the

delayed

consequences

of

your

behavior

ratherthan

theimmediate

ones.

For

example,

if

a

job

is

not

going

like

you

want,

focus

on

thefactthat

you

have

ajob

and

how

you

can

take

your

time

to

make

the

situation

better.Change

your

self-evaluation

Challenge

any

inaccurate

internal

attributions

and

see

if

you

compare

yourbehavior

to

standards

that

are

extremely

rigid.

If

so,

change

these

and

be

reasonablewith

your

comparisons.

For

example,

if

you

constantly

compare

your

weaknesseswith

other

peoples'

strengths,

then

switch

this

and

compare

yourself

with

those

doing

poorer

than

you

as

well.

Overall,

people

who

focus

more

on

their

strengthsthan

their

weaknesses

but

at

the

same

time

are

aware

of

their

weaknesses

have

ahealthier

self-evaluation

result.

Change

your

self-reinforcement

If

you

have

law

rates

of

self-reward

and

high

rates

of

self-

punishment

when

itcomes

to

certain

aspects

of

your

life,

then

you

need

to

adjust

this,

For

example,

thinkmore

of

how

far

you've

come,

how

hard

you've

worked,

acknowledge

yourself

for

itand

then

see

how

much

further

you

want

to

go.

Draw

conclusions

with

evidence

Look

at

the

evidence,

look

at

the

events,

look

at

patterns

and

don't

base

yourconclusions

on

assumptions.

For

example,

don't

just

assume

someone

will

cheat

you

because

they

loo