高考英语新人教版必修4一轮复习讲义第一编教材回眸Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour

Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour【题目优选】假设你是李华，喜欢学习英语，在学习的过程中发现自己看不懂一些英语笑话，请根据以下要点给某英文报刊编辑写一封信就这一问题进行咨询：1.我是个英语爱好者，英语成绩还不错；2.不能理解英语杂志上小笑话的幽默之处；3.向编辑咨询出现这种现象的原因并寻求改进建议。4．开头和结尾已给出。Deareditor，IamLiHua,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely，LiHua【经典范文】Dear_editor,_I_am_Li_Hua,_aseniorhighschoolstudent,wholovesEnglishverymuch,andIamwritingtoaskyouforhelp.IhavebeenlearningEnglishhardforaboutsixyearsandmyEnglishteacheroftenpraisesmeformyexcellentperformance.However,IamverypuzzledwhenIcan'tunderstandsomejokesatallinsomeEnglishmagazinessuchasReader'sDigest,althoughIknowallthewords.CouldyoupleasetellmethereasonwhyIcan'ttakeinthehumourinthejokes?Maybeyoucangivemesomesuggestionsonhowtochangethesituation.Bestwishestoyou!Iamlookingforwardtoreceivingyourletter.Yours_sincerely,_Li_Hua【名师点拨】本文思路清晰，要点齐全。文中词汇丰富，如高级词汇puzzled,situation,suchas等；文章句式多变，成功地使用了定语从句、时间状语从句及让步状语从句等。另外，过渡性词语如however,maybe等的使用，使行文自然流畅。1．核心单词(1)content(adj.)满足的；满意的(n.)满足(vt.)使满足(2)entertain(vt.&vi.)使欢乐；款待→entertainment(n.)娱乐→entertaining(adj.)有趣的；使人愉快的(3)overe(vt.&vi.)战胜；克服→overcame(过去式)→overe(过去分词)(4)convince(vt.)使信服→convincing(adj.)令人信服的(5)direct(vt.&vi.)导演；指示；指挥(adj.)直的；直接的；直率的→direction(n.)指导；方向→director(n.)导演→directly(adv.&conj.)直接地；径直地；一……就……(6)slide(vt.&vi.)(使)滑动；(使)滑行(n.)滑；滑动；幻灯片→slid(过去式/过去分词)(7)whisper(n.)耳语；低语(v.)低语；小声说(8)react(vi.)作出反应；回应→reaction(n.)反应；回应2．阅读单词(1)astonish(vt.)使惊诧(2)astonishing(adj.)令人感到惊讶的(3)fortunate(adj.)幸运的；吉利的(4)unfortunately(adv.)不幸地(5)ordinary(adj.)平常的；普通的(6)bored(adj.)厌烦的(7)worn(adj.)用旧的；用坏的；破烂的(8)failure(n.)失败(者)(9)outstanding(adj.)突出的；杰出的；显著的(10)gesture(n.)姿态；手势(vi.)做手势(11)particularly(adv.)特殊地；特别地(12)occasion(n.)时刻；场合(13)amuse(vt.)使发笑；使愉快(14)explanation(n.)解释；讲解；说明(15)drunk(adj.)醉的【即景活用】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1．WhatwasJeff's________(react)whenyoutoldhimaboutthejob?答案：reaction2．MyEnglishteachersuggestedthatIshouldlearnfrommy________(fail)andhopedIcoulddobetternexttime.答案：failure3．Thejudgedidn'tbelievehis________(explain)thathehadstolenthemoneyinordertogiveittocharity.答案：explanation4．ButIamnotpersuadedthathe,oranybodyelse,offers________(convince)answers.答案：convincing5．Theboyis________(particular)interestedinmakingmodelplanes.答案：particularly6．Aboyshoutedinmy________(direct)acrosstheplayground.答案：direction7．She________(whisper)afewwordsweaklybeforeshefelldown.答案：whispered8．Children'sTVnowadaysismuchmore________(entertain)．答案：entertaining9．Theyweredancingandsingingonthesquare,muchtothe________(amuse)ofpassers­by.答案：amusement10．Theboywas________(slide)ontheice,butsuddenlyhelosthisbalanceandfelldown.答案：sliding联想积累1．“­ous”后缀形容词一览①humorous幽默的②dangerous危险的③mountainous多山的④continuous连续的⑤poisonous有毒的⑥generous慷慨的⑦famous著名的⑧numerous大量的2．“满足；满意”家族①contentadj.满足的；满意的②satisfyvt.使满意；满足③satisfactionn．满意；满足④pleasedadj.高兴的；满意的⑤meetvt.满足3．各种“惊讶”①astonishing令人惊讶的②amazing令人吃惊的③surprising出人意料的④shocking令人震惊的4．“说”法荟萃①whisper小声说；耳语②speak说；演讲；发言③chat聊天④inform通知；告诉⑤announce宣告；宣布⑥declare宣布；声明⑦ment评论；议论1．up_to_now直到现在2．feel/be_content_with对……感到满足3．badly_off穷的；缺少的4．pick_out挑出；辨别出5．cutoff切断；断绝6．starin在……担任主角；主演7．pickup偶尔获得；收听；好转；拾起；用车接某人8．reactto对……作出反应；回应【即景活用】用所给短语的适当形式填空eq\x(starin，badlyoff，cutoff，pickout，reactto，becontentwith)1．Theteacher________whatthestudentshaddoneintheholiday.答案：wascontentwith2．Everyonemakesmistakes,buttherealtestishowyou________them.答案：reactto3．Itisusuallyeasierto________themeaningofawordinagivencontext.答案：pickout4．Thewatersupplyinthatcity________forseveraldaysbecauseofpollution.答案：wascutoff5．Theschoolisrather________forequipment.答案：badlyoff6．Everybodythoughtthisyoungactorwouldhaveabrightfutureafterhe________twofilms.答案：starredin联想积累1．“v.＋out”常用短语荟萃①pickout挑选；辨认出②giveout分发；耗尽；用光；发出(光、热或信号)③workout制定出；计算出；锻炼④runout用光；耗尽⑤makeout理解；辨认出⑥carryout实行；实施⑦figureout理解；弄清楚2．“be＋adj.＋about”短语小结①beparticularabout对……挑剔②beanxiousabout为……感到担心/焦虑③becautiousabout对……谨慎④becrazyabout对……疯狂⑤becuriousabout对……感到好奇⑥benervousabout对……感到紧张⑦bescepticalabout对……感到怀疑3．“v.＋into”短语大全①breakinto闯入；破门而入②burstinto闯入；突然发作③getinto进入；陷入④gointo进入；从事(某类工作)；详细解释⑤lookinto调查；观察⑥putinto往……投入(资金)；在……花费；为……增添(某种)特质⑦runinto撞上；偶然碰见⑧turninto变成1．Unfortunatelyhisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使得他的家境更加艰难。2．Thenhepicksoutthelaceoftheshoeandeatsitasifitwerespaghetti.然后他挑出鞋带来吃，像是吃意大利面条一样。【句式仿写】1．Thelittlegirlwasleftaloneintheroom,__________________.这个小女孩被单独留在房间里，难过地哭了。答案：cryingbitterly2．Theypletelyignorethesefacts________theyneverexisted.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它们不存在一样。答案：asif/though联想积累现在分词、不定式作结果状语小结①现在分词(短语)作结果状语常表示“意料，情理之中，自然而然”的结果。这种分词的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语，也可以是前边的整个句子；逻辑主语为前边的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。②不定式(短语)作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。[单词点津]contentadj.满足的；满意的n.满足；内容；含量vt.使满足[教材原句]Hemadepeoplelaughatatimewhentheyfeltdepressed,sotheycouldfeelmorecontentwiththeirlives.在人们感到沮丧的时候，查理使人们开怀大笑，于是他们对自己的生活感到比较满足。(1)becontenttodosth.＝bewilling/readytodosth.乐于做某事；满足于做某事feel/becontentwithsth.＝feel/besatisfied/pleasedwithsth.对某事感到满意/满足(2)contentsb./oneselfwith使某人/自己对……感到满足(3)toone'scontent使某人满意的是withcontent满意地；满足地【特别提醒】(1)content作形容词时，只用作表语；若用于名词前作定语，要用contented。(2)content作“目录”解时，总是用其复数形式。【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空①Weshouldneverbecontent________bookknowledgeonly.②Iamcontent________(view)themountainsfrombelow.③Iemptiedthe________(content)ofthefridgeintocarrierbags.答案：①with②toview③contents(2)完成句子Astimewenton,he__________________asimplelife.随着时间的流逝，他满足于过简朴的生活。答案：wascontentwith/contentedhimselfwithastonishingadj.令人感到惊讶的[教材原句]YoumayfinditastonishingthatCharliewastaughttosingassoonashecouldspeakanddanceassoonashecouldwalk.你可能感到惊奇，查理刚会说话时大人就教他唱歌，他刚会走路时大人就教他跳舞。(1)beastonishedat/bysth.对某事感到惊讶beastonishedtosee/find/hear/learn...很惊奇地看到/发现/听到/得知……Itastonishessb.that...令某人惊讶的是……beastonishedthat...对……感到惊讶(2)astonishmentn．惊讶toone'sastonishment令某人惊讶的是(3)astonishingadj.令人感到惊讶的astonishedadj.感到惊讶的【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空①Iamastonished________thenewsofhisescape.②I'mastonished________(learn)thatherparentsdon'tgiveherloveandcarebutonlygivehermoney.③Muchtomy________(astonish),sherememberedmyname!答案：①at/by②tolearn③astonishment(2)单句改错Peoplearesurprisedtoseethattheeelhasbeenmarkeduptoanastonishedprice._____________________________________________________答案：astonished→astonishingentertainingadj.愉快的；有趣的[教材原句]Noonewaseverboredwatchinghim—hissubtleactingmadeeverythingentertaining.看他的表演没有人会感到无聊——他巧妙的表演使得一切都那么滑稽可笑。(1)entertainsb.with...用……使某人快乐；用……使某人有兴趣entertainsb.宴请某人；招待某人entertainoneself自娱自乐(2)entertainv.招待；款待；使有兴趣；使快乐【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空①Thetravellerentertainedhisfriend________stories,someofwhichwerereallymorethancouldbebelieved.②Humourwillhelpyourspeechstandoutandkeepeveryone________(entertain)．③Thislawappliestotheatres,cinemasandsomeotherplacesofpublic________(entertain)．答案：①with②entertained③entertainment(2)单句改错①Ientertainedthechildrentostories,songsanddrama._____________________________________________________②Thepoetryisentertainedandpoeticfrombeginningtoend._____________________________________________________答案：①to→with②entertained→entertainingconvincingadj.令人信服的[教材原句]Theactingissoconvincingthatitmakesyoubelievethatitisoneofthebestmealshehasevertasted!查理的表演是那么有说服力，以至于你会相信这顿饭是他所吃过的最美味的一餐！(1)convincesb.ofsth.使某人相信某事beconvincedofsth.确信某事beconvinced(that)...确信……convincesb.todosth.说服某人做某事(2)convincedadj.确信的；信服的(3)convincevt.使确信；使信服【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空①You'llneedtoconvincethem________yourenthusiasmforthejob.②Hismotherhasbeentryingtoconvincehim________(see)adoctor.③Thislastargumentisthemost________(convince)tome.答案：①of②tosee③convincing(2)完成句子Jack______________someoneknowstheyarethere.杰克确信有人知道他们来到了那里。答案：isconvincedthatdirectv.导演；指示；指挥adj.直的；直接的；直率的[教材原句]CharlieChaplinwrote,directedandproducedthefilmshestarredin.查理·卓别林自编、自导、自制他主演的电影。(1)directsb.tosomeplace指引某人到某处directsb.todosth.指示/命令某人做某事direct(that)sb./sth.(should)do/bedone要求某人/事(被)做(2)directionn．方向；指导；指挥；(常用复数)说明书ineverydirection＝inalldirections朝四面八方inthedirectionof朝……方向underthedirectionofsb./sb'sdirection在某人的指导/管理下(3)directlyadv.直接地；立即conj.一……就(常用于引导时间状语从句)【特别提醒】作为副词，direct常用于具体意义，意为“中途不停；径直”；directly常用于抽象意义，意为“直接；立即；马上”。【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空①Thejudgedirectedthedefendant________(remain)silent.②Iwilltelephoneyou________(direct)Ihearthenews.③ThefilmMissGranny________(direct)byChenZhengdaoispopularwithyoungpeople.④________Thompson'sdirection,thecollegehasdevelopedaninternationalreputation.答案：①toremain②directly③directed④Under(2)单句改错Standingatthecrossing,Ifeelcarspassingbyfromalldirections._____________________________________________________答案：from→in[短语点拨]badlyoff穷的；缺少的[教材原句]Unfortunatelyhisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使得他的家庭更加艰难。(1)worseoff更穷的；更艰难的welloff富裕的；境况好的betteroff更富裕的；境况更好的badlyoffforsth.缺少某物(2)worseandworse越来越坏；每况愈下gofrombadtoworse越来越坏；每况愈下tomakemattersworse＝whatisworse更糟糕的是【即景活用】(1)单句改错AsfarasIknow,theschoolisratherbadlyoffequipmentandbooks._____________________________________________________答案：off后加for(2)完成句子①They__________________tohaveaholiday.他们太穷，不能去度假。②Wearehopingforanimprovementbutthings________________.我们期望有所改善，但是事情却每况愈下。③And__________________,thenewownerhadnoplanstogiveitthefundsitrequired.更糟糕的是，新主人不打算投入它所需要的资金。答案：①aretoobadlyoff②havegonefrombadtoworse③tomakemattersworsepickout挑出；辨别出[教材原句]Thenhepicksoutthelaceoftheshoeandeatsitasifitwerespaghetti.然后他挑出鞋带来吃，像吃意大利面条一样。pickoutsb./sth.from...从……中挑出/辨别出某人/物pickup拾起；捡起；(偶然)学会；用车接某人；接收(节目)；身体好转pickyourselfup(跌倒后)站起来；振作起来pickone'spocket扒窃pickone'sway择路而行；小心看着路行走【即景活用】完成句子①She________________fromthousandsofapplicantsforthejob.她从数千申请这份工作的人中被挑选出来。②________________.Courageisdoingwhatyou'reafraidtodo.振作起来，勇气就是做你不敢做的事。③Theyhadto____________throughthemud.他们不得不小心地沿着泥泞的路前行。答案：①waspickedout②Pickyourselfup③picktheirwaycutoff割掉；切断；使隔绝[教材原句]Charliecutsofftheleathertopoftheshoeandsharestheshoewiththeotherfellow.查理切掉皮鞋上面的部分，和同伴分享这只鞋。(1)cutacross(问题或情绪)影响到不同群体；从某地穿过(2)cutdown砍倒；(疾病等)夺去生命；削减；缩短(3)cutin插嘴；强行超车(后常接on)(4)cut...intohalves/pieces把……切成两半/碎片(5)cutout剪出某种形状；割掉；删掉；停止做(6)cutup切碎【即景活用】完成句子①Thetown______________fromtherestoftheworldduetoheavysnow.由于暴雪小镇与外界隔绝了。②Bygettingthedesignright,youcan________onaccidents.改进设计可以减少意外事故。③________thecarrotsbeforeyouputthemintothepot.把胡萝卜切碎后再放进锅里。④Accidentsareoftencausedbydriverswhotryto________.司机超车常常造成意外事故。答案：①wascutoff②cutdown③Cutup④cutin[句型与语法][教材原句]AsVictorHugooncesaid,“Laughteristhesunthatdriveswinterfromthehumanface”，anduptonownobodyhasbeenabletodothisbetterthanCharlieChaplin.正如维克多·雨果曾经所说：“笑容如阳光，能驱赶人脸上的寒意”，到目前为止，没有人能比查理·卓别林更好地做到这一点。(1)as此处引导非限制性定语从句，代指整个主句的内容，可放在主句之前、之后或中间，意为“正如，正像”。(2)as引导非限制性定语从句的常见搭配：asweallknow众所周知asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样asweexpect正如我们预料的那样asyoucansee如你所见ashasbeensaidabove如上所述asisoftenthecase情况常常是这样【特别提醒】which引导非限制性定语从句时，只能位于主句后面，指代主句整句或部分内容。【即景活用】完成句子①______________________,“Everycoinhastwosides.”正如古语所说，“每个硬币都有两面”。②G20Summit,__________________,attractedtheattentionofthewholeworld.正如我们所料，G20峰会引起了全世界的关注。③Successesfromhardwork,__________________________.众所周知，成功来自于努力。答案：①Astheoldsayinggoes②asweexpected③asweallknow/asisknowntoall[教材原句]Theactingissoconvincingthatitmakesyoubelievethatitisoneofthebestmealshehasevertasted.他的表演是那么有说服力，以至于你会相信这顿饭是他所吃过的最美味的一餐。(1)句中convincing是动词­ing形式作表语。(2)①动词­ing形式作表语表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词­ing形式相当于一个形容词)。常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing,amusing,confusing,disappointing,boring,encouraging,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising等。②动词­ing形式作定语动词的­ing形式可以单独作定语，也可以构成合成词作定语，但是在更多情况下是分词短语作定语，包括限制性和非限制性(用逗号和其他部分分开)，在意义上相当于一个定语从句。③动词­ing形式作宾语补足语动词­ing形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与分词动作之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。它主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语：a．表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如see,hear,feel,smell,watch,find,listento,lookat,notice,observe等。b．使役动词，如keep,have,get,leave,catch等。【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空①Thesituationisverymuch________(encourage)now.②Lastnighttheshopkeepercaughtachild________(steal)somefoodintheshop.③Shetriedtoconcentrate,butfoundhermind________(drift)backtoAlex.答案：①encouraging②stealing③drifting(2)单句改错①Sorrytokeepyouwait—Igotstuckinameeting._____________________________________________________②IwanttotellyouthatwhatIamabouttosaywillbeconfused._____________________________________________________答案：①wait→waiting②confused→confusingCharlieChaplinwasa__1__(humour)actor.Heentertaineduswithnonverbalhumour.Borninpoverty,hebecamefamous__2__usingaparticularformofactinginentertainingsilentmovies.Hewas__3__charmingcharacter,well­knownthroughouttheworld.Heplayedapoorandhomelessperson,__4__(wear)largetrousers,worn­outshoesandasmallroundblackhatandcarryingawalkingstick.Thecharacterwasasocial__5__(fail)inthemovies,buthe__6__(love)byallthepeople.Byovering__7__(difficult),beingkindtopeoplewhowereunkindtohim,makingasadsituationentertainingandeatinga__8__(boil)shoe,CharlieChaplinmadeushappyandexcited.CharlieChaplinwrote,directedandproducedmoviesin__9__hestarred.In1972hewasgivenaspecialOscarforhisoutstandingworkofbringinghumourto__10__(we)allthroughfilms.1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________答案：1.humorous2.for3.a4.wearing5.failure6．wasloved7.difficulties8.boiled9.which10.usⅠ.单句语法填空1．(2017·北京高考)Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife，________(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.答案：rangingalargecollectionofwildlife与range之间是主动关系，故用动词­ing形式作后置定语。2．Shoppingisnolongerjustanecessity;ithasbeeaformof________(entertain)．答案：entertainment介词of后接名词，故填entertainment“娱乐；娱乐活动”。3．Thenewssaidthattheschoolsinthatsouthwesternareaare________(bad)offforteachingequipment,andeventeachers.答案：badlybebadlyoffforsth.“缺乏某物”。4．Toeveryone's________(astonish),hehaswonthegame.答案：astonishmenttoone'sastonishment“使某人吃惊的是”。5．Thevillagerdoesn'twantmoremoney—heiscontent________whathehas.答案：withbecontentwith...“对……感到满足”。6．Sam________(convince)thathisgirlfriendloveshim.答案：isconvincedbeconvincedthat...“确信；相信”。7．Theywere________(wear)outafterworkinginthefieldsthewholedaylong.答案：wornbewornout“筋疲力尽的”。8．Uptonow,I________(read)asfarasthefifthchapter,thesecondvolumeofTheWarandPeace.答案：havereaduptonow“直到现在”，常与现在完成时连用。9．Thenumberofseniorhighschoolstudentsisincreasing,________ismentionedabove.答案：as本句中，as引导非限制性定语从句。asismentionedabove“正如上边所提到的”。10．TheseasonrunsJunethroughAugust,withadditional________(perform)inMarchandSeptember.答案：performances形容词additional后应接名词，performance在本句中意为“表演”，是可数名词，由空后的介词短语可知表示多场表演，故填performances。Ⅱ.单句改错1．Perhapsyoucanhelpmepickupapairofjeansnow,sinceyouareanexpert._____________________________________________________答案：up→outpickout“挑选”。2．Shestoodoutsidethestation,lookingatalldirections,butapparentlynoonehadetomeether._____________________________________________________答案：at→ininalldirections“朝/向四面八方”。3．Withtheelectricitybeingcutoff,allthemachineshadtostopworking._____________________________________________________答案：去掉beingcutoff与electricity存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词短语作宾语补足语，表示动作已完成。4．OccasionsarequiterarethatIhavetimetospendadaywithmykids._____________________________________________________答案：that→when此处occasions意为“时机；时候”，在本句中为先行词，引导词在定语从句中作状语，表时间。故用when引导该定语从句。5．Beingtooparticularwithwhatyouwearisnotagoodhabit._____________________________________________________答案：with→about/overbeparticularabout/over“对……挑剔/讲究”。Ⅲ.语法填空TylerThompsonis__1__unlikelystarintheworldofPekingopera.The15­year­oldfromOaklandhasfascinatedaudiencesintheUSandChinawithhisability__2__(sing)pitch­perfectMandarin(普通话)andperformtheancientChineseartform.Theteen,__3__isblackandonlyspeakssomebasicChinese,hasbeenpraisedbyteacherssincehe__4__(pick)upthemusicasakindergartener.“Assoonasheopens__5__(he)mouthandsingsinChinese,theChineseareverysurprisedandtheyfeelveryproudofhim，”saidhismusicteacher.“Whenheputsonthecostumeandalltheacting,youcanseethatheisprettygood.”Tylerhaslearnedtosingseveralwell­knownpiecesofPekingopera,acenturies­oldformofmusicaltheater__6__(know)foritshighlystructuredcostumes,changinggongs(锣)andcymbals(钹),wide­rangingvoicesandhighlystylized__7__(move).Tylergot__8__(stand)cheerswhenheperformed__9__JusticeBao,afamousSongDynastyjudgewhofoughtcorruption,fromtheChineseclassicBaoQingTian.“Themusicisverybeautiful,andit'sverypassionate，”saidTyler.“It'smademe__10__(want)toknowmoreabouttheworldoutsideofAmericaorCaliforniaorOakland.”1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个擅长表演京剧的外国青少年的故事。1．an考查冠词。star是可数名词，且第一次在文章中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，表泛指；形容词unlikely的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。2．tosing考查非谓语动词。abilitytodosth.“做某事的能力”，为固定搭配，故用不定式作后置定语。3．who考查定语从句的引导词。所填关系词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Theteen，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who。4．picked考查动词的时态。since意为“自从”，引导状语从句，从句常用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。5．his考查代词。根据语境mouth和主语he可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词his修饰名词mouth，在句子中作定语。6．known考查非谓语动词。know和句子谓语之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且know和其逻辑主语Pekingopera是动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。7．movements考查词性转换。根据and可知，此处与名词voices呼应，应用所给词的名词的复数形式，即movements。8．standing考查形容词。由空后的名词cheers可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词，standing意为“站着进行的”，表示Tyler得到了(观众的)起立欢呼。9．as考查介词。此处as意为“作为”，后跟名词、代词或动名词，与performed呼应，表示扮演的角色，符合语境。10．want考查非谓语动词。makesb.dosth.“让某人做某事”，应用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，故填want。Ⅳ.短文改错Asthesayinggoes,chancefavoredthepreparedmind.Ilearnedthisfromoneofmyexperience.Iwasnotchosenasmemberofthevolleyballteamofourschool.Becauseofthis,Idecidedtogiveupplayvolleyball.Luckily,mybestfriendstoppedmebutpointedoutthatitwasmylazinessandpoorpreparationwhichledtomyfailure.Afterthat,Ipracticedplayingvolleyballoneveryday.Whenanotherchanceoftryingoutarrived,Iwasfullpreparedandtriedmybest.Asaresult,Iwasselectedandbecameanimportantplayeronourschoolteam.Fromthis,IamfirmlyconvincingthatweareabletoseizeachanceaslongasIgetwellprepared.答案：Asthesayinggoes,chanceeq\o(favored,\s\do14(①favors))thepreparedmind.Ilearnedthisfromoneofmyeq\o(experience,\s\do14(②experiences)).Iwasnotchosenaseq\o(∧,\s\do14(③a))memberofthevolleyballteamofourschool.Becauseofthis,Idecidedtogiveupeq\o(play,\s\do14(④playing))volleyball.Luckily,mybestfriendstoppedmeeq\o(but,\s\do14(⑤and))pointedoutthatitwasmylazinessandpoorpreparationeq\o(which,\s\do14(⑥that))ledtomyfailure.Afterthat,Ipracticedplayingvolleyballeq\o(eq\o(on,＼),\s\do14(⑦))everyday.Whenanotherchanceoftryingoutarrived,Iwaseq\o(full,\s\do14(⑧fully))preparedandtriedmybest.Asaresult,Iwasselectedandbecameanimportantplayeronourschoolteam.Fromthis,Iamfirmlyeq\o(convincing,\s\do14(⑨convinced))thatweareabletoseizeachanceaslongaseq\o(I,\s\do14(⑩we))getwellprepared.难项分析：第五处：but→and考查连词。本句中，“stopped”和“pointedout”共同作句子的谓语，为并列关系，故改but为and。第六处：which→that考查强调句型。本句中宾语从句为强调句，被强调的部分是mylazinessandpoorpreparation；强调句型的结构为Itis/was...that/who...，故改which为that。第九处：convincing→convinced考查形容词。convinced表示人“信服的”；convincing表示事物“令人信服的”。此处构成“Sb.befirmlyconvincedthat从句”句型，意为“某人坚信……”，故改convincing为convinced。单元加餐练Ⅰ.阅读理解AAculture'svaluescanbemirroredbyitshumor.HumorhasbeenevaluatedbymanygreatmindssuchasThomasHobbes,whodislikedhumor,“Laughterisnothingelsebutsuddengloryarisingfromsomesuddenthoughtoffeelingfarbetterthanothers.”Hethoughthumortobeanegativequalityofhumannarrowmindedness.However,MordechaiGordon,PhDofEducation,insists,“Humorallowsustoviewtheworldfromananglethatisamusingratherthanserious.”IagreewithGordon.Learningtolookattheworldthroughhumorisimportant.IntheUnitedStates,everyfouryearsanelectionoccurs.Withouthumorasawaytoexpresstheirfeelings,howelsewouldAmericanskeepfromclawingtheireyesoutandgoingthewayoflemming?Televisionshowslike“TheDailyShow”havebeeimportantpartsofAmericanculture.Theyaremotheringthemassesbymetaphorically(隐喻地)airplane­ingpoliticsintoourmouths.Theymakepoliticsfun.Ofcourse,politicsisonlyonetypeofhumor.Socialhumorhelpspeoplethroughthetwistsandturnsofthehumancondition.Americanpopculturepromotesanunhealthyself­image.Onthetopicofself­image,HariKondabolustandsout.Hehasajokeaboutthepopularmusicalgroup“ThePussycatDolls”，describingtheirhitsong“Don'tCha”asanegativerepresentationofwomen.HepointsoutanobviousoffenceinAmericanculture.AstudyfromLoyolaUniversityofMarylandhasshownthathumorisonedeterminingfactorforselectingamatingpartner.Amongstotherthings,mateslookforanoutstandingfunnyboneinapotentialpartner.Ofcourse,humorisnotalwaysusedforgoodpurposes.Humorcanbelinkedtovulgarity(庸俗)andracism,but,likeeverythingelse,ithaspotentialtounitehumanbeingsbyallowingustolaughatourselves,ourfailuresandourconnectionwithoneanother.Thoughlifemayseemtoughanddepressingattimes,allIhavetodoislookinthemirroratmyincreasedwrinkles(皱纹)toknowthatthereisaedyouttherethatevenChaplinwasn'tawareof.Withthatinmind,remembertolaughwithhumanityandsometimesathumanity.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。本文作者通过论证认为，一种文化的价值观可以通过其幽默反映出来，并决定用幽默的态度来面对生活。1．Hobbesbelievedthathumor________.A．wasonlyawaytolaughatotherstomakeoneselffeelbetterB．resultedinnarrow­mindednessofhumanbeingsC．hadthepowertomirrorpersonalgloryandnationalvaluesD．wasforpeopletoviewtheworldfromanotherangle答案：A细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知，ThomasHobbes不喜欢幽默，并从他的话“Laughterisnothingelsebut...thoughtoffeelingfarbetterthanothers.”可知，他认为幽默仅仅是嘲笑别人并让自己感觉更好的一种方法而已。应选A。2．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardspoliticalhumor?A．Worried. B．Disappointed.C．Curious. D．Appreciative.答案：D观点态度题。根据文章第三段中的“Withouthumorasawaytoexpresstheirfeelings,howelsewouldAmericanskeepfromclawingtheireyesoutandgoingthewayoflemming？”及“Theymakepoliticsfun.”可知，作者对于政治幽默持赞赏的态度。appreciative“欣赏的，赏识的”。3．Thefourthparagraphisdevelopedmainly________.A．byexample B．byprocessC．byparison D．byclassification答案：A细节理解题。根据第四段中的第四句及下文中的解释可知，作者是通过举例子来支撑自己的观点的。故选A。4．Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Chaplinwasn'tawareofbeinglaughedat.B．Theauthorfeelshelplessandsadaboutgettingolder.C．Neverbetheonewholaughsatotherpeople.D．Theauthorisdeterminedtofacelifewithasenseofhumor.答案：D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“toknowthatthereisaedyoutthere”和最后一段中的“remembertolaughwithhumanity”可知，作者积极肯定幽默的价值，决定以幽默的态度来面对生活。故选D。BWhetheryou'reeatingatafancyrestaurantordininginsomeone'shome,propertablemannersarelikelytohelpyoumakeagoodimpression.AccordingtoaUSexpert,EmilyPost,“Allrulesoftablemannersaremadetoavoidugliness.”WhileHenryHitchingsoftheLosAngelesTimesadmitsthatgoodmannerscanreducesocialconflicts,hepointsoutthatmostlytheirpurposeisprotective—theyturnournaturalwarrior­likeselvesintomoreelegantones.Sowheredidtablemannersefrom?InmedievalEngland,awriternamedPetrusAlfonsitooktheleadtourgepeoplenottospeakwiththeirmouthsfull.AndKingDavidⅠofScotlandalsoproposedthatanyofhispeoplewholearnedtoeatmoreneatlybegivenataxdeduction(扣除)．Disappointingly,thatideanevercaught_on.ItwasduringtheRenaissance,whentherewererealtechnicaldevelopments,thatopinionsofcorrectbehaviorchangedforgood.“Noneofthesewasmoresignificantthantheintroductionofthetablefork，”wroteHitchings.“Gradually,asforksbecamepopular,theybroughtthenewwayofeating,makingitpossible,forinstance,toconsumeberrieswithoutmakingone'sfingersdirty.”ForkswereintroducedtoBritainin1608and25yearslater,thefirsttableforkreachedAmerica.YetwhilemostoftheessentialsarethesameonbothsidesoftheAtlantic,thereareafewcleardifferencesbetweenwhat'snormalintheUSandwhatholdstrueintheUK.Forexample,intheUS,whenfoodneedscuttingwithaknife,peoplegenerallycutabite,thenlayasidetheknifeandswitchtheforktotheirrighthand.Thentheypickuponebiteatatime.Bycontrast,Britonskeeptheforkinthelefthandanddon'tlaytheknifedown.Thoughglobalizationhasdevelopedanewandsimpleinternationalstandardoftablemanners,somepeoplestillstickwiththeAmericancut­and­switchmethod.TheLosAngelesTimesnoted,“Theyarehangingontoaformofbehaviorthatfavorsmannersaboveefficiency.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。全文介绍了餐桌礼仪在西方国家的发展与形成过程。5．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Theimportanceofpropertablemanners.B．ThedevelopmentoftablemannersinWesterncountries.C．SomeunwrittenrulesoftablemannersintheUSandUK.D．DifferencesbetweenAmericanandBritishtablemanners.答案：B主旨大意题。从中世纪英国(InmedievalEngland)谈到文艺复兴时期(duringtheRenaissance)，再到1608年以及25年后(in1608and25yearslater)，作者讲述了餐桌礼仪在西方国家的发展与形成过程。故选B。6．Theunderlinedphrase“caughton”inthepassageprobablymeans“________”．A．workedinpractice B．becamepopularC．drewattention D．hadapositiveeffect答案：B词义猜测题。上一段最后一句谈到了利用减税的政策来鼓励人们注意餐桌礼仪，再结合画线词所在句子中的“Disappointingly”一词可知，这一政策并没有产生理想的效果，也就是说这一政策并没有流行起来。故选B。7．Whichofthefollowingeventsinfluencedpeople'stablemannersmostaccordingtothepassage?A．Theintroductionofthetablefork.B．Thetaxdeductionpolicy.C．TheriseoftheRenaissance.D．PetrusAlfonsi