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学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载最新初中英语语法大全名词表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!名词的分类名词类别意义例词专有名词表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称Jim,China,Qingdao,theUK,theGreatWall普通名词可数名词个体名词表示单个人的人或事物girl,student,factory,desk,cat,country集合名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称people,police,team,clothes,group,crew不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质water,ice,pork,cheese,cotton,broccoli抽象名词表示抽象概念的词fun,healthy,happiness,courage,love,care注:1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。2、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”,但它不大写。3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时,则变为可数名词,而且以四上也有了变化。eg.beerabeer一杯啤酒,workawork工厂,著作,glassaglass一个玻璃杯,room空间aroom一个房间名词的数:表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式:可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加“a或an”;复数形式是在名词后加“-s或-es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种,规则变化及其读音可依照下表:当名词为:词尾变化读音例词一般情况加s在清辅音后读/s/chips,jeeps,pats,clocks在浊辅音或元音后读/z/boys,sharpeners,sofas,drawers以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词加es/iz/watches,boxes,classes,brushes以字母o结尾的单词加s或es/z/zoos,photos,bamboos,tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,以辅音字母+y结尾的单词去y变i加es/z/dictionaries,strawberries,以f或fe结尾的单词去f或fe变v加es/vz/leaves,wives,halves以th结尾的词加s/ðz/;/θz/mouths,paths;months,deaths2.可数名词复数的不规则变化①改变单数名词中的元音字母eg.man--men,woman—women,tooth—teeth,foot—feet,goose—geese,mouse--mice②单复数同形eg.Chinese-Chinese,deer-deer,fish-fish,sheep-sheep,…③由man和woman构成的合成词,每个名词都要变复数eg.amandoctor—mendoctors,awomanteacher--womenteachers注意:有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式eg.trousers,clothes,glasses,shorts,scissors,etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数,实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数).eg.maths,phyiscs,politics,news3.不可数名词:表示不能计算数目的人或物,称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式,但有其特殊用法:同一个词,变成复数形式,意义不同。eg.food食物foods各种食物,time时间times时代,green绿色greens青菜有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物eg.hopehopes希望hardshiphardships艰苦物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示eg.acupoftea,sevenpiecesofbread,severalbagsofrice,…三、名词的所有格名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式,一种是在名词后+’s;另一种是用of,表示“……的”。1.(1)一般词的所有格,直接在词尾+’s。eg.Mr.Mott’srobot,children’sclothes(2)以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾+’eg.teachers’books(3)两人共有的物体,则在第二个名词后+’s;如果分别是两人所有,则在每个名词后面+’s。eg.LucyandLily’sroom.(指两人共住一个房间)MrsGreen’sandMrsBrown’sson.(指两人各自的儿子)(4)表示某具体场所时,所有格后面的名词可省略eg.thedoctor’s(office)Mr.White’s2.(1)没有生命的事物一般用of短语来表示所属关系。eg.thewalloftheclassroom,apictureofthebedroom,(2)名词的的定语较长时,有生命的事物也可用of短语表示。eg.alongstoryofa50-year-oldman双重所有格eg.afriendofhis,thebignoseofTom’s有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词,也可以加’s来构成所有格。eg.tenminutes’walk,today’snewspaper例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!1.Theygotmuch_____fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.newsD.stories解析:much是用来修饰不可数名词的,ABD三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式,C项为不可数名词,因此选C.2.Ihavetwo_______andthreebottlesof_________here.A.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orangeD.orange,oranges解析:orange有两种含义,一种可数名词橘子,另一种是不可数名词橘汁,此题第一空应填可数名词,第二空填不可数名词,因此选C。3.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_________tohishome.A.25minutes’walkB.25minute’swalkC.25minutewalkD.25minuteswalk解析:句中的minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+’,而不能+s,因此选A。4.Anold_______wantstoseeyou.A.peopleB.personC.thepeopleD.theperson解析:person与people都有”人”的意思,但用法不同.“一个人”用“aperson”,“两个人”用“twopersons”;people泛指“人们”是集合名词,表示复数,thepeople指“人民”,apeople指“一个民族”.应选B。5.Helpyourselfto__________.A.chickensandapplesB.chickensandappleC.chickenandappleD.chickenandapples解析:chicken可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词,故应+s,因此选D。6.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_________.A.room’snumberB.rooms’numberC.roomnumbersD.rooms’numbers解析:roomnumber房间号码.room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词.类似的还有myphsicsteacher,twobusdrivers等.应选C。7.ShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersecond_________.A.familyB.houseC.homeD.room解析:family指的是家庭或是家庭成员;house指的是房子(住所);room指的是房间;而home指的是家,因此选C.8.________motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.A.MaryandPeter’sB.MaryandPeterC.Mary’sandPeterD.Mary’sandPeter’s解析:此句中“mothers”是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。9.LiLeihasbeento__________manytimesthismonth.A.heruncleB.heruncle’sC.herunclesD.aunt’s解析:此句意为“李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”.表示具体场所时,可省去所有格后面的名词.因此选B。10.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn’t________inteaching.A.manyexperiencesB.muchexperienceC.anexperienceD.alotexperience解析:experience作“经验”讲时是不可数名词,作“经历”讲时是可数名词.本句中应理解为“经验”,因此是不可数名词,排除AC.又因alotof,lotsof,plentyof只用于肯定句,不用于否定句,因此选B。11.Aclassmateof_________washeretenminutesago.A.youB.yourC.yoursisterD.yoursister’s解析:此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。12.Agroupof_________aretalkingwithtwo___________.A.Frenchmen,GermansB.Germans,FrenchmansC.Frenchmans,GermenD.Germen,Frenchmen解析:Frenchman是复合词,其复数形式为Frenchmen;German的复数为直接在单词末尾+S,应选A.13.Theteam________havingameeting.A.isB.areC.amD.be解析:team是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组),也可指小组中的成员(表示复数),此题意为后者,因此选B。14.“Wouldyoulike_________?”“________,please.”A.drink,ThreecoffeesB.acupofdrink,CoffeesC.adrink,AcoffeeD.adrink,Threecupsofcoffees解析:drink和coffee是不可数名词,可以用…of来表示数量,eg,threecupsofcoffee,当前面加a时,则表示“一杯”.因此选C。15.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby_______,butalsothefleshandbloodof________men.A.earthandstone,millionsofB.earthsandstones,millionsC.theearthandstone,millionofD.theearthsandstones,millions解析:earth是不可数名词,因此删除BD,数以百万的应为millionsof.因此选A。练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!选择最佳答案:1.Lastnight,therewasafoodaccident.The_______wereill,butno_______werelost.A.child,livesB.children,lifeC.children,livesD.child,life2.Thisisaphotoof_________whentheywereyoung.OK,howhappytheybothlooked!A.myfatherandmotherB.mymotherandfather'sC.mymother'sandfather'sD.myfather'sandmymother3.Thenewstudentisin__________,GradeTwo.A.ClassThirdB.ThirdClassC.ClassThreeD.Threeclass4.TodayisSeptember10th.It's__________Day.Let'sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.A.TeachersB.Teachers'C.theTeachers'D.Teacher's5.Themarketisn'tfarfromhere.It'sonly_________bicycleride.A.halfanhours'B.halfanhour'sC.halfanhourD.anhourandahalf6.Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?_________,please.A.TwocupofcoffeeB.TwocupsofcoffeC.TwocupsofcoffeeD.Twocupsofcoffees7.DuringChristmas,peoplegettogetherandsingChristmassongsfor_________.A.funB.wishesC.interestD.thanks8.Some_________areflyingkitesneartheriver.A.childB.boyC.boysD.childs9.Aftertheexam,we'llhave________holiday.A.twoweeksB.two-weeksC.twoweeks'D.twoweek's10.Theyarethose_________bags.Pleaseputthemonthebus.A.visitorB.visitorsC.visitor'sD.visitors'11.Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?Therearetwo___________.A.hundredsB.hundredC.hundredofD.hundredsof12.Whatdoyouthinkofthe_______theMoonlightSonatabyBeethoven?Itsoundsreallywonderful.A.subjectB.musicC.bookD.animal13.Thereisnotenough_________inthecornerforthefridge.A.placeB.roomC.fieldD.ground14._________comesfromsheepandsomepeoplelikeeatingitA.WoolB.PorkC.MuttonD.Milk15.Ifyoudon'ttakemore________,you'llgetfat.A.medicineB.lessonsC.photosD.exercise16.Myschoolisabouttwenty________walkfromhere.A.minuteB.minutes'C.minutes'sD.minutes17.Mum,Ihave_______totellyou!A.agoodnewsB.somegoodnewsC.somegoodnewesD.muchgoodnews18.Whichisthe________tothepostoffice?A.streetB.wayC.roadD.address19.Istayedat________lastSunday.A.myunclesB.myuncles'C.myuncle'sD.myuncle'sfamily20.Maths________noteasytolearn.A.areB.isC.amD.were1-5CBCBB6-10CACCD11-15ABBCD16-20BBBCB冠词冠词分为不定冠词(a,an)和定冠词(the)知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!一、不定冠词的用法1)用与可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一种类:例如:Sheisagirl.Passmeanapple,please.2)、指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。例如:AboyiswaitingforyouWeworksixdaysaweek.3).表示“一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one强烈.例如:WearegoingtohaveanEnglishlessontomorrow.Ihaveamouth,anose,twoeyesandtwoears.4).用于某些固定的词组中.例如:afew,alittle,alotof注:用a还是an,要看后面的词读音以辅音开头还是以元音开头.二、定冠词的用法1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物.例如:thephotooftheboy2)指双方都知道的人或物.例如:-Wherearethenewbooks,Jim?-Theyareonthesmalltable.3)指上文提过的人或物.例如:Todayheismakingamachine.Hewantstoridethemachinelikeabikeandflyitlikeaplane.4).用在世界上独一无二的事物前.例如:Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.5).用在序数词或形容词最高级前.例如:Thefirsttruckiscarryingafewbaskets.Thethirdoneiscarryingthefewestofall.6).用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前.例如:theGreatWalltheNorthStreetHospital7).用在一些习惯用语中.例如:inthemorning(afternoon,evening),ontheleft(right)attheendof三、不用冠词的情况1)在专有名词前和不可数名词前。例如:China,GradeTwo,BillSmith,milk2)名词前已有作定语用的this,that,my,your,some,any等代词。例如:Theletterisinherpocket.Ithinktheshopisclosedatthistimeofday.3)复数名词表示一类人或事物时。例如:Myfatherandmotherareteachers.Ilikecakes.4)在星期、月份、季节、节日前。例如:ItisSunday(Monday,Tuesday,etc.)TodayisMid-AutumnDay.Itiscoldinwinter.5)在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如:UncleWanglikesmakingthings.WhatcolourareMrsGreen’sshoes?6)在三餐饭和球类运动的名称前。例如:Hewenttoschoolafterbreakfast.Canyouplaybasketball?注:在某些固定词组中,如:athome,bybus,gotoschool等的名词前不用冠词。例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!1._______milkisfood.________milkinthiscuphasgonebad.2.Doyoulikeplaying_________football?Yes.ButIhaveonly_________basketball.3.Doyouknow_______girlon________anothersideof________lake?4.There’s________“u”and________“s”in________work“use”.5.Shesays________animalscant’slivewithout__________air,either.6.Hisfather,whois________honestman,isteachingin________university.7.Whichisheavier,________elephantor________horse?8.________coldwindwasblowingfromthenorth.9.Heisalwaysreadytohelp_________oldand________young.10.________Greensaretravelingin_________SouthChina.11.Although________mostofusliketodrinkbeer,thosewhodrink________mostare_______leasthealthy.12.Xiaomeisaw_________interestingfilmlastnight.________filmwasabout_________kinddoctor.13.Youcanhave_________secondtryifyoufail_______firsttime.14.Tomwentto_________schoolasusual,buthedidn’tknowhisfatherwentto________schoolforaparentmeeting.15.________knowledgebeginswith_________practice.解析:1./,the(milk是物质名词,一般不用冠词,但后面加上一个定语inthecup后,使其成为特指,所以需要用定冠词the.)2./,the(球类运动前不用the;指一个物体要用不定冠词a)3.the,/,the(特指这个女孩用the;名词前已有定语another;)4.a,an,the(“u”发音以辅音开头所以用a;“s”发音以元音开头所以用an;特指这个单词用the)5./,/(泛指动物所以不用任何冠词;air不可数名词,其前一般不用冠词)6.an,the(honest发音以元音开头,故用an,在大学里为intheuniversity)7.an,a或the,the(不定冠词a,an和定冠词the与名词单数连用表示种类)8.a(物质名词coffee,food,tea,fog,rain,snow,wind等,在表示“一种”或“一场”的意义时,前面要加不定冠词。9.the,the(形容词前加定冠词,表示一类人)10.The,/(姓氏的复数前加定冠词the表示一家人;在华南是inSouthChina)11./,the,the(most当大多数讲时前面不用the;后两空均为形容词的最高级,前面要加the)12.a,the,a(第一空和第三空都指一个事物,第二空是特指前面提到的电影)13.a,the(asecondtry指的是第二次)14./,the(gotoschool去上学,gototheschool去那所学校)15./,/(具有单纯意义的物质名词或抽象名词前,一般不用冠词)练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!一、在空白处填入a/an或the。1.Mum,whatshallwehavefor_______dinner?Dumplings.Oh,what_______wonderfuldinner!Ienjoyitverymuch.2._________PLAwasfoundedon__________August1st,19273._______Kingscametousat_________noon.4.Thescientistsfrom________UnitedStateslivein__________NinthStreet.5.Thedoctortohim,“Take________medicinetwice________day.Stayin_________bedandyou’llbebettersoon.”6.September10this____________Teachers’Day.7.MrBlackarrivedhereon__________Tuesdaymorning.8.Therearefourseasonsin_______year.________firstseasonisspring.Itis__________bestoneof__________four.9.Somepeoplehavebeento_________moon,in_______spaceship.10._______Chinais_________oldcountrywith_________longhistory答案1./,a2.the,/3.the,/4.the,the5.the,a,/6./7./8.a,the,the,the9.the,/10../,an,/a二、选择填空:A./ B.a C.an D.theTheyareliving______happylifenow.______bagon______deskismine.Thereis______emptyboxonthetable.Doyoulike______musicofthefilm“Titanic”?On______Saturday,Istayin______bedtill12:00.______BrownshavebeentoChinatwice.Don’tmakeanynoisein______class.Thisissuch______interestingstorythatyoumustlistentoit.NextweektheywillgotoAustraliaby______air.Whichisbigger,______sunor______moon?Key:15BDCDA610DACAD三、在空白处填入a/an或the。1.ThismorningIbought_____newspaperand_____magazine._______newspaperisinmybagbutIdon’tknowwhereIput______magazine.2.Isaw______accidentthismorning.______carcrashedinto______tree.______driverof______carwasn’thurtbut______carwasbadlydamaged.3.Therearetwocarsparkedoutside:______blueoneand_______greyone._______blueoneismyneighbour’s;Idon’tknowwho______ownerof_______greyoneis.4.Myfriendslivein_______oldhousein_______smallvillage.Thereis_______beautifulgardenbehind_______house.Iwouldliketohave______gardenlikethat.1.a,a,Thethe2.an,a,a,The,the,the3.A,a,thethe,the4.an,a,a,the,a代词知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!代词的分类英语中常把代词分为人称代词、无主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词和相互代词。代词的用法人称代词:人称代词是指人的代词,有性、数、格的区别。表示“我”“你”“他”“我们”“你们”“他们”。请看下表:数格人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称wemeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit人称代词主格在句中作主语。例如:SheismyEnglishteacher.宾格在句中作宾语。例如:Theydon’twantmetogotherealone.Don’tworry.Icanlookafterher.宾格还可以作宾格。特别是在口语中。例如:Who’sthat?It’sme.注意:①人称代词we,you,they可以用来表示一般人。例如:Youcannotgointothehallwithslippers.不准穿拖鞋进入大厅。②人称代的主格作表语,一般都在正中的谈话中,表示强调。例如:Itwashewhotookawaythenecklace.是他拿走了那条项链。③人称代词she可以用指代祖国、大地、月亮、轮船等。例如:Theshipisleaving.She’sonherfirsttriptoBoston.轮船要起航了。这时她第一次去波士顿。Weloveourcountry,wehopeshe’llbestrongerandstronger.我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她越来越强大。④It作为人称代词时,可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。例如:Itisabout10kilometresfromhere.离这儿大约有10公里。⑤It还可用作形式主语或形式宾语,来代替由不定式,动词的-ing,形式或主语从句构成的真正的主语或宾语,以避免句子头重脚轻。例如:ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.Itisgoodforyoutakingawalkaftersupper.Ifounditdifficulttosleep.⑥英语里当主语是并列的几个人时,人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同,I在最后,you在最前;但是,当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反,I在最前,you在最后。例如:You,heandIareallthewinners.I,Lileiandyouarewrong.Weshoulddomorefortheproject.2.物主代词:表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。词义类型我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/她/它们的形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语,后面跟名词。例如:Tooursurprise,hehaspassedtheexam.(2)名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征,在句中作主语、表语、宾语。例如:MayIuseyourbike?Mineisatschool.(作主语)Whoseglassesarethese?Theyarehers.(作表语)Mydictionaryislost.CanIuseyours?(作宾语)(3)名词性物主代词可以与of连用,作定语。例如:Afriendofoursarewaitingforus.3.反身带词:用来表示“某人自己”的代词称为反身代词。如下表所示:词义数我(们)自己你(们)自己他/她/它自己/他们自己单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves(1)反身代词在句中常用宾语,主语或宾语的同位语。例如:Hersisteristooyoungtodressherself.(作宾语)Hehimselfisalwaysmakingsuchmistakes.(主语同位语)You’dbetteraskyourwifeherself.(宾语同位语)反身代词可与其他词构成固定搭配,例如:makeoneselfathome,teachoneself,learnbyoneself,helponeselfto…,etc4.指示代词:表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。见下表这,这个那,那个这些那些thisthatthesethose指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例如:Thosearemyparents.(作主语)Throwitlikethat.(作表语)ThetoyslittleTomlikesarethoseinthebasket.(作表语)Thesepicturesaredrawnbyanoldblindman.(作定语)注意:(1)前面刚刚提到过的东西,常用that,those表示。例如:I’msorrytohearthat.(2)下文将要提到的事情,可用these,this表示,起启下的作用。例如:Tellthechildrentodolikethis:knockthestickintotheearthfirst,thentiethetreetoit.5.疑问代词:用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。常用的有:who,what,which,whose,whom,在句中常作主语、宾语、定语、表语。作主语:Whatmakeyousohappy?作宾语:Who/Whomisyourmanagertalkingwith?在口语中,作宾语时who和whom可以通用,但在介词后面只能用whom.例如:Aboutwhomtheyaretalkingjustnow?作定语:Whichsubjectdoyoulikebest?作表语:What’syourmother.6.相互代词:用于表示相互关系的代词。常用的有:eachother,oneanother.相互代词可以作宾语、定语。例如:Weshouldhelpeachother.Thevillagershavelookedafteroneanothertheseyear.相互代词后可以加’s,表示所有关系。例如:Weputthepresentsineachother’sstocking.7.连接代词:用来连接宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句的代词叫连接代词。常用的有:what,which,who,whomwhose,that例如:Iknowwhathesaidatthemeeting.Theproblemiswhowillmendit.Couldyoutellmewhichisthewaytothepostoffice?8.不定代词:不定代词没有确定的对象,常用的有:all,each,every,both,either,neither,one,none,little,few,many,much,other,another,someany,no以及由some,no,any,every构成的复合词。不定代词通常可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语,而none及含有some,anevery的合成代词不能做定语,no和every只能做定语。代词many,few,afew修饰可数名词,much,little,alittle修饰不可数名词。both,either,neither,each用于指两者,all,any,none,every,another用于指三者或三者以上。例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!Thisisn’t______pencilcase.Ileft______athome.A.my,mineB.me,myC.I,myD.my,myself解析:此类题主要用于考查学生对人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的掌握情况。要做好这类题,就必须熟练掌握这三类词的用法。应选A。TheEnglishnovelisquiteeasyforyou.Thereare______newwordsinit.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few解析:历年来中考始终将little,alittle,few,afew作为一个重要考点,要做好这类题,必须明确几点:(1)little,alittle修饰或代替不可数名词;few,afew修饰或代替可数名词复数。(2)few,little一般表示否定意义;afew,alittle表示肯定意义。应选D。CanIcomethiseveningortomorrowmorning?______OK.I’mfreetodayandtomorrow.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None解析:此类题主要是针对each,every,both,all,either,neither,none等不定代词的考查。Both指两个人或物;all表示三者或三者以上“都”,它们都表示肯定意义,均与of连用,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,作定语修饰复数名词。all也可代替不可数名词或一个整体,这时谓语动词用单数形式,either指两者只任何一个,表肯定,表示三者或三者以上中的任何一个用any,neither是either的否定形式,表示两者都不是。应选A。ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargethan______this B.those C.it D.that解析:在比较级的句型中,经常用that指代前面提到过的不可数名词,用those指代可数名词的复数。选D。5.Whenshallwemeetagain?Makeit______dayyoulike.It’sallthesametome.A.one B.any C.another D.all解析:any表示任何一个。选B。Hesaid______atthemeetingandjustsattheresilently.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything解析:此句的意思是“他在会上一言不发,只是静静地坐在那里。”根据句意,应选C。Doyouknowthelady______isinterviewingourheadmaster?Yes,sheisajournalistfromCCTV.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.whose解析:先行词指人且在定语从句中作主语,所以应选B。练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!一、用适当的代词填空Help______tosomeicecream,girls.Hecameupwithanideaatlast,theideaof______wasverygood.Hurry,up,there’s______timeleft.Thereishardly______inthebasket,it’sempty.LiliandCocodon’tknow______address.LilihasneverbeentoCoco’shomeandCocohasneverbeentoLily’shome,either.Heis______akindfriendthat______ofuslikehim.HehavetwoEnglishnovels,buthehasread______ofthem.Idon’tlikethecolorofthisjacket.Couldyoushowme______one?Youmaytake______ofthem,they’rebothgood.Don’tworry.______goeswellhere.二、选择最佳答案填空:1.Thesetwobooksareveryinteresting.Youcanchoose_________ofthem.A.bothB.eachC.eitherD.any2.Hehad________milkbut_________breadforbreakfast.A.many;fewB.much;littleC.few;muchD.little;many3.Isthere________youwanttosay?A.somethingelseB.anythingelseC.elseanythingD.elsesomething4.A:_________areyougoingtovisit?B:IamgoingtovisitthePalaceMuseum.A.WhereB.WhatC.WhyD.When5.Oneshouldkeep________promise.A.one’sownB.everyC.himselfD.herself三、完成句子There’stwoappleshere,youcantake______(任意一个).Lisahastwodaughters.______(没有一个喜欢)traveling.______(所有的)girlslikesinging.Tosayis______(一回事),todois______(另一回事).Theykeeponeblackcatand______(两只黑的).Hehas______(许多)money,buthehas______(没有)friends.CanshespeakFrench?______(只会一点).______(他们中很少有人)cantalkinChinese.______(没人)hasbeenreachedfartherthanthemoon.Welookedat______(相互)ingreatsurprise.Key:一、1.yourselves2.his3.no4.anything5.eachother’s6.such,all7.neither8.another9.either10.everything二、CBBAA三、1.either2.neither3.all4.onething,anotherthing5.twoblackones6.alotof/much,no7.Alittle8.Fewofthem9.Noone/Nobody10.eachother数词英语数词表示数目或者顺序,可分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数量,序数词表示顺序。知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!一、基数词的构成1.1—12的基数词是独立的单词,即:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve。2.13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。如:fourteen,seventeen等,但13,15,18较特殊,13—thirteen15—fifteen18—eighteen。3.20—90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如:sixty,ninety,但20,30,40,50,80较特殊,20—twenty30—thirty40—forty50—fifty80—eighty。4.十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”,如:28—twenty-eight,96—ninety-six。5.百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and,如:148—onehundredandforty-eight406—fourhundredandsix。6.hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万),billion(十亿)等前面即使有具体的数词,也不能在它们的后面加s。如:600—sixhundred,8百万—eightmillion。7.1000以上的数字,从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“,”第一个逗号前为千(thousand),第二个逗号前为百万(million),第三个逗号前为billion(十亿)。英语中无“万”这个词,我们可以用“几十个千(thousand)”表示几万,“几百个千(thousand)”表示“几十万”。如:2,510=twothousandfivehundredandten;84,296=eight-fourthousandtwohundredandninety-six;274,350=twohundredandseventy-fourthousandthreehundredandfifty。二、序数词的构成序数词一般是以与之相应的基数词尾加-th构成,例如fourth,tenth,但以下的这些基数词变为序数词时,有特别之处。1.onefirst,twosecond,threethird,fivefifth,niceninth,twelvetwelfth2.以ty结尾的单词,要先变y为I,在加-eth.例如:thirtythirtieth,fiftyfiftieth3.以one,two,three等结尾的多位数词,要将各位数变成序数词。例如:twenty-onetwenty-first,onehundredandoneonehundredandfirst注意:序数词前常用定冠词,有时还可以用不定冠词a/an则表示“又一”的意思。例如:MrBrownhasasecondcar.布朗先生另外还有一辆车。Hehastriedasecondtime.他又尝试了一次。三、数词的应用1.时刻的表示:小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。①“几点钟”用基数词加o'clock。o'clock可省略。如:5点钟—five(o'clock).②“几点过几分”,≤30分钟”用介词past。如:7:05—fivepastseven;7:15—fifteen(aquarter)pastseven;7:30—halfpastseven。③“差几分几点”用介词“to”。如:7:40—twentytoeight;7:45—fifteen(aquartertoeight。④日常生活中的时间读法常常简化,直接按基数词的顺序读。如:7:05—sevenofive;7:15—sevenfifteen。2.年月日的表示:年份用基数词,如:1999年—nineteenninety-nine;1900年—nineteenhundred;2000—twothousand;1905—nineteenofive;年用基数词,日用序数词。如:1998年6月8日写作:June8,1998;读作:Junetheeighth,nineteenninety-eight或theeighthofJune,nineteenninety-eight。3.世纪、年代表示法:(在)90年代(in)thenineties(在)19世纪(in)thenineteenthcentury(在)18世纪30年代(in)1730s或1730’s4.编号的表示:LessonOne=thefirstlesson第一课;BusNo.3=theNo.3bus3路公共汽车;表示住所时不用“No.”如:302房间—Room302(读作:roomthreeotwo);如果编号的数词比较长,一般用基数词。如:Page457第457页;电话号码,用基数词,如:3855633—threeeightfivefive(doublefive)sixthreethree(doublethree)。5.分数的表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于“1”,分母则加“s”。如:1/3onethird,2/3twothirds;另外:1/2a(one)half;1/4onefourth或a(one)quarter;3/4threefourths或threequarters。halfasecond;aquarterofasecond四分之一秒6.表示有小数的词用基数词。5.5fivepointfive12.135twelvepointonethreefive7.表示百分数5℅:fivepercent(percent),0.8℅zeropointeightpercent(percent).8.表示有小数的词用基数词。5.5fivepointfive12.135twelvepointonethreefive9.其他用法:1)基数词+单数名词+形容词构成合成形容词。如:一个五岁的男孩afive-year-oldboy;一座800米长的桥an800-metre-longbridge;女子400米接力girls'400-metrerelayrace。2)具体数词+metre(s)/kilometre(s)/kilo(s)long/high/tall/deep/away等。如:长江长6300公里。TheChangjiangRiveris6,300kilometreslong.3)表示"几十岁"用序数词,eg.在他三十几岁时inhisthirties4)倍数的表达:(一倍用once,两倍用twice,两倍以上用基数词+times。如:5倍fivetimes)。例如:HeisastallaboyasI.HeisaheadtallerthanI.HeistwoyearsolderthanIChinaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.Iamtwiceasoldasyou.(=Iamtwiceolderthanyou./Iamtwicetheageofyou.)Mybooksaretwiceasmanyasyours.ChinaisfourtimeslargerthanEurope.(=ChinaisfourtimesthesizeofEurope.)Ipaytwiceasmuchasitwasworth.Ipaytwiceasmuchforthehouse.例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!1._______ChinesearelookingforwaystolearnEnglishwellbeforeBeijing2008Olympic.A.ThousandB.ThousandsC.ThousandofD.Thousandsof2.Bothoftherulesarebroken.Iwanttobuya______one.A.threeB.thirdC.forthD./3).Whichisthesmallestnumberofthefour?_________.A.Two-thirdsB.AhalfC.AquarterD.Three-fourths4).Pleasewritedownthenewwordsinthetextof_______.A.LessonElevenB.theLessonElevenC.LessonEleventh解析:1.基数词hundred,thousand,million,billion等前有具体数字时,它们后面不能加s,若这些词后面有介词of(几百,成百上千),thousandsof(几千,数千个),millionsof,billionsof前不可用数词修饰。但可用many,some,several等修饰。故选答案D.2.答案:B。此题主要考查序数词的运用。3.答案:C。此题主要考查英语中的分数表示法。英语中表示分数时,分母用序数词,分子用基数词,当分子大于1时,表示分母的序数词后要加s.4.答案:A。此题主要考查基数词的编号。在通常情况下,名词编号有这几种表示法:1。事物名词+基数词,且每个单词的首字母都要大写。如:LessonEleven;2。定冠词+基数词+事物名词。如:No.6MiddleSchool练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!选择填空:_______ofpeopleintheworldaresendinginformationbyE-maileverday.A.ManymillionB.SeveralmillionC.SeveralmillionsD.ManymillionsAbout_______ofthesurfaceoftheearth_______coveredwithwater.A.threequarter,isB.threequarters,hasC.threequarters,isD.threequarter,areItwilltake_______timetofinishthework.A.oneandahalfyears’B.ayearandhalfC.oneandahalfyear’sD.ayearandhalf’s4.Howlongwillyourstayhere?、For________.A.oneandtwoday’sB.oneandtwodayC.adayortwoD.oneortwoday5.WhenhemovedtoGermanyin______,hewasalreadyin_______.A.thefifties;

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