新视野大学英语第二册Unit-1

PAGEPAGE4Uint1SectionA.Time-ConsciousAmericansIntroduction:Thisisanexpositoryessay.TheauthorexplainsasocialphenomenonintheU.S.Americansaretime-conscious.HepresentswhyandhowAmericanssavetimecarefullybyusingexamplesandcause-effectanalysis.Insomeparagraphs,theauthor’sstatementispresentedatthebeginningandsupportedwithspecificdetails,andthenthereasonisgivenbriefly.Thearticlecanbedividedinto3parts:Part1(Para1-2)Americanssavetimecarefullyandtreatitasifitwerereal–apreciousresource.Part2(Para3-7)Why&howAmericansworkhardatthetaskofsavingtime.Part3(Para8)ItistakenasasignofskillfulnessorbeingcompetenttosolveaproblemorfulfillajobwithspeedintheU.S.I.Newwords1.budget①n.预算，拨款搭配：balanceone’sbudget平衡预算within/belowbudget低于预算afamilybudget家庭预算②v.(for)做预算，盘算，安排e.g.:Hebudgetedforbuyingahouse③a.便宜的，合算的e.g.:abudgetdress便宜的服装④budgetary(budget+ary)a.预算上的2.acute①灵敏的，敏感的e.g.:Dogshaveanacutesenseofsmell.②严重的，剧烈的搭配：acutepain剧痛anacutelackofwater严重缺水③acutenessn.敏锐④辨析：acute,sharp,keenacute指五官，感觉，智力的敏锐sharp有刃的，锋利的，也指思想敏锐，语言尖锐e.g.:asharpknife一把锋锐的小刀asharptongue刮嘴keen锋利的，敏锐的与sharp与acute的意思相同还可表示热心的、着迷的3.replace①vt.把…放回原处，取代e.g..Shereplacedthebookontheshelf.②vt.取代，替代(taketheplaceof)e.g.:HehasreplacedMr.BrownasPresident.他取代布朗先生当了董事长。③辩析：substitute,replace[动词]substituteAforB=replaceBwith/byA[名词]substituteofAforB=replacementofBby/withAe.g.:Shesubstitutedhoneyforsugar.Shereplacedsugarwithhoney.她用蜂蜜替代糖。4.abrupt①a.突然的，意外的e.g.:Themeetingcametoanabruptendanabruptchangeofpolicy突然改变政策②a.（举止、言谈等）粗鲁的，鲁莽的e.g.:Whenlaskedherabouthernewjob,shewasquiteabruptwithme.[辩析]abrupt.Rude(1)rude指别人态度粗鲁，缺乏必要的礼貌用语，称呼或温和的态度等；(2)abrupt则侧重指由于过于突然或缺乏事先考虑而表现出来的不够礼貌。5.brief①n.摘要inbrief(tobebrief)=inshort;inasfewwordsaspossible简要言之thenewsinbrief新闻提要②v.向…做简介③a.简洁的，短暂的e.g.:Hisexplanationwasbriefandtothepoint他的说明既简洁又切题。④brieflyad简单地说brevityn.简短briefcasen.文件箱，公文包6.opening①a.初始的openingwords/remarks开场白②n.开始；职位，空缺e.g.:theopeningofabook,speech,film,etc书（讲语或电影的开头）Therearefewopeningsinpublishingfornewgraduates出版社能为新毕业的大学生提供的空缺职位极少。7.interactn.交流；相互作用（影响）；合作Wethoughtshedidnotlikeus,whereasinfactshewasveryshy.我们以为她不喜欢我们，然而事实是因为她很害羞。16.competenta.有能力的，能干的，胜任的搭配辩析：becompetentforsthtodosthbecapableof(doing)sth有能力做…beabletodoe.g.:Sheiscompetentforthetask.她能胜任这项工作。Heisnotcompetenttolookafteryoungchildren.他不会照管孩子。Ⅱ.Phrases&Expressions1.resultin导致，致使，造成……的结果-Thetalksresultedinreducingthenuclearofmissiles.这些会谈的结果导致了导弹数额的减少。-Oureffortsresultedinfailure.我们的努力以失败告终。2.nothingbut只有，除了……以外什么也不-Iwantnothingbutthebestformychildren.我只想给我的孩子们最好的。-Heisnothingbutaliar.他只不过是个骗子。Cf.anythingbut-Heisanythingbutaliar.他决不是个骗子。3.accountfor①说明，解释-Hecouldn’taccountforhisabsencefromschool.他不能对自己的旷课做出解释。②（指数量）占-Theproductionofrawmaterialsamountsforaconsiderableproportionofthenationaleconomy.原料生产在国民经济中占相当大的比重。4.inarush匆忙的-Whyisshealwaysinsucharush?-Inmodernsociety,everyoneisinarush.5.underpressure-Hesaidthathemadehisstatementtothepolicewanderpressure.他说他是被迫向警方作此声明的。6.gowith①与……相配，与……协调，与……和谐-Theseshoesdon’tgowiththedress.这双鞋子对这身服装不相称。②同是发生，伴随，是……的结果-Moneydoesnotalwaysgowithhappiness.钱不一定幸福。7.workat工作，从事于，钻研-Sheworkshardatkeepingherselffit.她努力保持身体健康。-Youwillneverbecomegoodattennis,unlessyouworkatit.除非你下功夫，否则你将打不好网球。8.savefor①储蓄，储存-I’llsavesomemoneyforlateruse.我存些钱以备用。-Saveyourstrengthforthehardworkyou’llhavetodolater.留着点劲，你一会儿还得干重活。②除……以外-Thecurtainedstagewasemptysavingforafewpiecesoffurniture.落下帷幕的舞台上空荡荡的，除几件家具外什么也没有。9.athand①正考虑的Thequestionwasnotrelatedtothematterathard.这个问题与正在考虑的事情无关。10.inperson亲自，亲身-Youhadbettergoandspeaktohiminperson.你最好还是亲自去跟他说。11.dueto由于，因为-Theteam’ssuccesswaslargelyduetoherefforts.-Duetotherain,thegamewasputoff.12.beworthyof值得的，配得上的-Heisnotworthyofher.他配不上她。-Thatisveryworthyofourattention.那件事很值得我们注意。Ⅲ.Sentences:1.…noonestandsstill.(L1)Meaning:Noonekeepsmotionless,everyonemovesandadvances.（美国没有人会停止不前）一些表示动词，如“stand”、“sit”、“lie”等可用作系动词，后接形容词做主语补足语。e.g.:-Thehousehasstoodemptyformonths.-Shestoodtherecalmandquiet,waitingfortheirdecision.-Thevalleylaypeacefulinthesun.2.Weareslavestonothingbutclock.(L5)Meaning:Weareonlyunderthecontroloftime.只有时间才能支配我们。slavetosth生活方法受……支配的人aslavetodrink金钱的奴隶aslavetomoney酒鬼3.Webudgetit,saveit,wasteit,stealit,killit,cutit,amountforit;wealsochargeforit.(L6-7)Meaning:Wedealwithtimeinvariouswaysasiftimeweresomethingofrealvalue.本句中的“it”均指时间，作者是在宾语it(time)前连续用几个动作动词来说明时间是“somethingreal”，是现实生活中最重要的东西。killtime消磨时间e.g.:Myflighthasdelayed,solkilledtwohoursbyreadingabook.chargefor要价e.g.:-Howmuchdoyouchargeformendingshoes?-Wecharge$2ooforasingleroomonenight.4.Wewanteveryminutetocount.Meaning:Wewanteveryminutetobeputintogooduse(sinceitisprecious).Countvi有价值，有重要性的e.g.:-Everypennycounts.-Heropinioncountsbecauseofherexperience.5.Normally,Americansdonotassesstheirvisitorsinsuchrelaxedsurroundingsoverextendedsmalltalk;muchlessdotheytakethemoutfordinner,oraroundongolfcoursewhiletheydevelopasenseoftrust.(L27-29)extendeda延长的，长时间的smalltalklightconversationonunimportantornon-serioussubjects.轻松的闲聊。muchlessandevenlesslikely;stillless更不用说。(muchless引导句子要倒装)-Theoldmancanhardlywalk,muchlessrun.-Icouldn’tagreetosuchproceedings,muchlesscouldIparticipateinsuchproceedings.6.Wecommunicaterapidlythroughfaxes,phonecallsoremailsratherthanthroughpersonalcontacts,which…(L33-34)1）ratherthan胜于，而不足-Heresignedratherthantakepartinsuchadishonesttransaction.他宁愿辞职也不参与这种欺诈行为。-Heratherthanyouisresponsiblefortheloss.是他而不是你，要对这损失负责。（ratherthan连接两个主语时，谓语动词和第一个主语一致）。2）非限定性定语从句which…takelonger修饰personalcontacts,从句中包含两个状语：thoughpleasant;especiallygivenourtraffic-filledstreets.3）given(prep.)takingintoaccount考虑到……-Givenherinterestinchildren/Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.-Giventheirinexperience,they’vedoneagoodjob.7.Unlessacertainamountoftimeisallowedtoelapse,itseemsintheireyeseyesasif…（L49-50）1）inone’seyes在……看来-Inherfather’seyesshecandonothingwrong.-Theexpertisalwaysrightintheeyesofeverybody.2）asif引导的从句中用了虚拟语气，用过去时表现在，即thetaskwereinsignificant.8.Usually,themoreimportantataskis,themorecapital,energy,andattentionwillbepouredintoitinorderto“getitmoving”.①themore…,themore…越……，越……②getsth/sb,doing(sth)使某人/某事做……-Canyougettheoldcargoingagain?-It’snothardtogettheboytalking;theproblemisstoppinghim.SectionBCultureshockIntroduction:Thisexpositoryarticlebeginswitharhetoricalquestiontoarousethereaders’interest.Thentheessentialstages(thehoneymoon,thehostility,therecovery,theadjustment)tellthereaderstheprocessofcultureshockadjustment.Finally,thewritergivessomesuggestionsonhowtoadjusttoanewculture.Part1(Para1)Studyinginadifferentcountryisanewexperience,buttherearealsosomechallenges.Part2(Para2-7)thefouressentialstagesofculture-shockadjustmentPart3(Para8)Conclusion:learningaboutotherculturesandhowtoadjusttothecultureshockarehelpful.Ⅰ.Newwords1.desirable令人向往的；值得有的；合意的desirev.n.→desirable（事物）值得向往的desirous（人）渴望的e.g.:Successisdesirabletome.成功是我所渴望的。Iamdesirousofsuccess.我渴望成功。2.fascinatinga.有极大吸引力的，迷人的。fascinatev.使……着迷afascinatingvoice迷人的声音afascinatingstory迷人的故事3.spiten.不管，不顾，尽管搭配：inspiteof不管，不顾Inspiteofallhisefforts,hefailed辩析：inspiteof,despite,although(though),re.g.ardlessof.despite=inspiteof故不能再与of连用inspiteof+名词=despite+名词=although+从句re.g.ardlessof=withoutconsideringortakingnoticeofe.g.:Theplanetookoffinspiteof/despitethebadweather.(=althoughtheweatherwasbad.)Theplanewilltakeoff,re.g.ardlessoftheweather.(=nomatterwhethertheweatherisgoodorbad)4.clashn.（金属等）撞击[原义]；冲突，不协调（喻义）vi.冲突；不一致；较锋搭配：clashwith与……冲突/不协调aclashof……的冲突aclashbetween……（之间）的不协调辩析：crash,clash,crushcrash指因附下或猛冲而碎地碰撞。clash指金属制品等撞击。crush指压碎、碾碎、压坏。5.ending①n.结尾，结局②末梢辩析：end,endingend用作名词指时间或动作、事件的末尾、结尾。ending用末表示故事、小说、电影、戏剧等的结尾、结局。e.g.:[正]shelikestoreadnovelswithhappyendings.[误]shelikestoreadnovelwithhappyends.6.moreoverad.再者，此外；而且与besides,inaddition,furthermore等词近义，用于承上启上。e.g.:sheisverybeautiful;moreover,sheisconsiderate.7.copevi(with)①抗衡→②对付，应付。Copewithproblems/difficulties解决问题，克服困难。8.isolatevt.使孤立，使隔绝beisolatedfrom脱离，隔离beisolatedby被……隔绝isolatesthfrom…把……和……隔离开来isolationn.9.rejectvt.拒绝，不接受；抛弃，丢弃。rejectv.拒绝→′rejectn.不合格产品refusen.拒绝→′refusen.废物，垃圾rejectionn.拒绝，抛弃10.appreciatevt.欣赏；理解；意识到；感激辩析：appreciate,enjoy;两者都表示“欣赏”，appreciate指事物有深刻了解，鉴赏；enjoy仅指从中得到乐趣。e.g.-You’llappreciatehisnovelsbetterifyoureadhisautobiography.-Igreatlyappreciateyourhelp.注：appreciate不可以以“人”为宾语11.furthermoread.此外，还有与inaddition,moreover,besides同义e.g.:Thehouseisn’tbigenoughforus;further