浅谈关联方交易信息披露规范【外文翻译】

Atpresent,therelatedpartytransactionsoflistedcompaniesiswidespread,manylistedcompanyhasbecomeanimportantpartofbusinessactivitierelatedpartytransactionsareneutralareasoftheeconomy,marketbehaviorisneithersimple,nor"blackbox"trading.Itsmainroleistoofcapitaloperation.However,becausethepurposeofrelatedpartytransactionsandformsthemainbodybythemicro-economiccontrol,soinpractice,manylistedcompanies,relatedpartytransacticonditions,butcontrolledbylargeshareholders.Particuregulationsarenotperfect,assessmentandauditingroleofintermediarieshasnotbeenfullyplayed,accountingpractitionersarenothighqualitycase,relatedpartytransactionseveneasiertobecomepartoftheadjustmentofprofitsoflistedcompanies,themeanstoevadetax.Thisresultedinvaryingdegreesofdistortionofaccountinginformationandmisleadinginvestorsinvestmentdecisions.First,theexistenceofrelatedpartytransactionsinquestionimage,toappeasethecreditors,incentivesofinvestors.Obviouslyunfairrelatedpartyinflatedprofits.Iflistedcompanieswellbelowthemarketpriceofrawmaterialspriceofthesaletorelatedparties,thelowprices,thentheoperatingresultsoflistedcompaniestograduallyregulation.Assetsbetweenrelatedparties,theperformanceintheformofunequalcompaniesandlistedcompaniesornon-performingassetsofnon-performingassetsoflistedcompaniesandrelateddebtequaltotheremarketpricemuchhigherthanthesaleofbadassetstorelatedpartiesinordertoobtainsignificantdisposalgains.2.Shifttheburdenofdebtandcosts.Betweenrelatheotherpartytopaythepurchaseprice;③paytheotherparty;④otherwisetheotherpartytoincurobligationsandcosts.3.Transferoffunds.Bylistedcompaniesareoftenhigherorlowerthanthemarketprice,sellinggoodstopurposeoftransferoffunds.Inaddition,listedcompaniesandfinancialexchangeseachotherbetweentheactsnotpermittedbytheregutransactionsandtheldistinguishbetween,andthemethodwasnotresponsibleforthepublic.4.Reducethetaxburden.Reducethetaxburdenthroughrelatedpartytransactions,themaintwothings:First,theprofitsofprofit-makingenterpriseswillbetransferredtotheloss-makingentegroup;secondistheuseofdifferententerprisesindifferentregionsandtaxincentivestaxprovisionsofthedifference,theprofitsSecond,thelimitationsoftherelevantlawsandregulationsbinding1.Difficulttocontroltherelatedpartyrelationshipbetweenthebehaviorofnon-associated.Inordertotrulyreflecttheeconomicsubstanceofrelatedpartytransactions,promulgatedthe"saleofassetsbetweenrelatedparties,suchasthecompaniesandtransactionsbetweenrelatedparties,ifthereisnoconthatthetransactionpriceisfair,ontheobviouslyunfairtradingpriceofparts,shallbewithandThispartofthedifferencemaynoupthelosses.AstheInterimProregulate,resultinginanumberoflistedcompaniesbyvariousmeans,theassociationofnon-relatedpartyrelationship,sothattheoriginalrevenuefromrelatedpartiesintofromnon-affiliatedparties,toachievethemanipulationofprofitpurposes.Inaddition,listedcompanieswillbenon-associationofrelatedpartyrelationshipssincethenreplacementofnon-monetaryassets,monetarytransactions:thefirstnon-correlationofrelatedpartyrelationship,thenanon-monetaryassetexchangetransactions,asthetwodocumentmonetarytransactionprocessing,assetreplacementsbusinessintoasaleofassetsandacquiredassetsofthetwodocumetransactions"constraints,toincreasethecompany'spr2.Relationshipbetweenrelatedpartiesnarrowthescopeoftheprovisions."EnterpriseAccountingStandards-relatedpartyjudgetherelationshipbetweenrelatedparties,namely:directorindirectcontrol,jointisnotinfactbelongtotherelationshionlyinprinciplerequirements,butnospecificrequirements.Definethescopeofrelatedpartyrelationshipstoonarrowforthelistedcompthroughrelatedpartytransaction3.Pricingpoliciesonrelatedpartytransactiondisclosurerequirementsistoosimple."AccountingStandardsforEnterprises-relatedpartyrelationshipsandtherelatedpartytransactionspricingpolicyasoneelementoftheirtransactionstobedisclosed.However,thescopeofthepricingpolicy,towhichpricingpoliciescanbeused,differentpricingpoliciesapplytowhichtypesoftransactions,etc.,nottomakeprovision.Currently,listedcompaniestodisclosetherelatedpartytransactionpricpoliciesvaried,suchastheex-factoryprice,priceagreements,plansprice,contractprice,thewholesalepricesothechoiceofpricingpoliciesarealsohighlanddidnotexplainthepricingbasis,withnon-associatedpartytransactionsareconsistentpricingpoliciesandtheamountofWenTithedifference,thpublicright,"AccountingStandards-RelatedPartyRelationshipsandTransactionsdisclosure"disclosurerequirementwidelyque4.Disclosureofinformationonirregularlackofeffectivemonitoring.Currently,therearemoreproblems:first,incompletedisclosureofrelatedpartyrelationships.shareholderstobedisclosedasrelatedparty.Majorindividualinvestors,managementpersonnelandtheirclosefamilymembersandotherrelatedparties,disclosedlittle.Secondisthetypeofrelatedpartytransactionsdonotgrasptheaccuratedisclosureisnotsufficient.Betweenrelatedpartiessuchasthmortgageasacontingpersonnelcompensation,transferandotherreceivables,thebasicnon-disclosure.Disclosureofrelatedpartytransactionsstatementistoogeneral,thecurrentfocusondisclosureofrelatedpartytransactionsformalargeextentthedisclosure,anditseconomicsubstance,therationalebehind,theproductionoperationofthepartiestothetransactionandtheextentofcurrentperformanceofthesubstancedidnotmakedisclosure.Third,thedisclosureofrelatedpartytransactionsambiguouscontent,suchasthetypeoftransaction,thetransactionelementsofthedisclosure,orunderstatement,orincomplete,sothatuserthis,yetthelackofrelevantrulesandregulationstoregulateandcontrol.Third,disclosureofrelatedpartytransactionsonthenormativeSuggestionsdisclosethecontentsoftherelatedpartytransactionsshouldhavethepowertogovernmentregulation,industryself-disciplineandsocialsupervisionTrinityregulatoryframework.Informationdisclosureinthesecuritiesmarketregulatthesametimeimprovetheabilityofgovernmentregulation.Governmentregulation2.Establishandimprovelawsandregulationssafeguardingthinvestorsinthesystem.Forrelatedpartytransactionsduetotheunfairresultofshareholderinterestsareinfringedupon,relevantlawsandregulationsshouldbeappropriateprovisionstoprotectvictims,punishtheaggressor.establishacompleterangeofcivil,criminalandadministrativeliability,includingmulti-levelinformationdisclosureregulatoryregime,ainformationdisclosurepractices.Fromthelegislativepointofview,togivesmallaskthecourttorejecttheshareholdermeeting,BoardofDirectorsthepowersof3.Expandthescopeofrelatedpartyrelationships.Whetheranassociationpartyrelations,Inadditiontotheaccountingstandardsoftheprovisions,indirectcommonwith."InternationalAccountingStandardsNo.24-therevealoftherelatedparties",theindirectjointcontrolorsignificantinfluenceindirectly,andwithucontrolbetweentwoormoreparties,areconsideredrel4.Increasedisclosureofthecontentsoftherelatedpartytransactions.Operatingperformanceoflistedcompanieshaveasignificantimpactrelatedpatheextentofitsinfluence;involvingthetransferofassets,mutualfunds,suchasguaranteesandcollateralinformation,regardlessoftheirtheamountofsize,shouldbefullydisclosed;ontherelationshipbetwee5.Standardpricingpoliciesrelatedpartytransactions.Resourbetweenrelatedpartiesofthetransferpriceisthekeytounderstandtherelatedpartytransactions.However,as"EnterpriseAccountingrelationshipsandtransactionsdisclosedin"Relapricingpolicy,whichledtothepricingpoliciesoflistedcompaniestodisclosehighlyirregular.Inmyopinion,canlearnfromthepracticestandards,tomakeprovisionforthis,suchasthewidelycomparableuncontrolledprice,resaleprice,costplusprofitprice.6.Studyabroadandlearnfromthedisclosurerequirementsofrelatedpartytransactions.Ifsomecountriesrequirelistedcompaniestodiscloserelatedpartytransactionsoutstandingamountofthesettlementperiodandmannerofseniorstafforjointventurereceivableandnotesreceivable,withjointventures,directorsandotherrelated-partyreceivables,payables,directorandCEOinthebalancesheetofthecommitments.Somecountriesalsorequirelistedcompaniesontheamountofrelatedpartytransactionsinlargeamountsinthebalancesheetdisclosureoftransactionswithrelatedpartiesaredisclosedintheincome7.Increasedisclosureofrelatedpartytransactionsviolationpenalties.Forlistedcompaniestomanipulationrelatedpartytransactions,accountingstatementsortoglossovercertainrelinformationordistortthebehavioroftheappropriatepunishmentshouldbetodeveloprulesandincreasepenalties.Inaddition,irregularitiesoflistedcompanies,listedcompaniesmustnotonlypunish,bucompaniesbeheldresponsibleSource:K.C.JohnWei.Tunnelingorpropping:EvidencefromconnectransactionsinChina[J].JournalofAccountingandEconomics,2006(5):26-34.目前，上市公司的关联交易十分普遍，很多上市公司关联交易已成为企业活动的重要组成部分。从理论上讲，关联方交易是中立的经济，市场行为既不简单也不是“黑箱”交易。其主要作用是能充分利用内部资源，降低交易成本，提高济的主体构成。在实践中，在自由竞争在市场状况的影响下，许多上市公司关联交易不是，而是受大股东控制。特别是在法律法规不健全，评估和审计中介机构的作用没有得到充分发挥，会计从业人员素质不高的情况下，关联方交易更容易成为一部分上市公司的利润调整和避税手段。这导致了不同的会计信息，误导投首先，关联方交易存在的问题虽然某些关联方交易是公开进行，但在很多情况下关联方交易不是在公平公正的基础，掩饰其财务状况和经营成果，达到树立良好的企业形象、安抚债权人以及获得投资者的奖励的目的。显失公平的关联交易，主要有以下几个方面：1、调整利润。①转移定价和虚假销售及虚增利润。如果上市公司向关联方起来。②通过资产置换调节利润。关联方之间的资产进行不等价交换：关联方来低价购买上市公司优质资产或不等价交换不良资产；去除两种不良资产的上市公司关联方债务，降低财务成本，提高盈利能力；上市公司的不良资产以远高于市场价格出售给关联方，获得更高的显著出售收益。2、转移债务和费用负担。关联方之间承担债务和费用，主要有以下几种形式：①偿还对方债务；②支付对方货款；③支付另一方费用；④为另一方承担义3、转移资金。上市公司往往以高于或低于市场价格，向关联方销售货物或提供服务，以实现资金转移的目的。此外，上市公司及关联方资金往来和贷款相当普遍。虽然各企业之间的借贷行为，由其他法规允许的，但关联方交易及贷款资金往来是很难严格区分的，且该方法不对公众负责。4、减轻税收负担。利用关联方交易减少税收负担，主要有两种情况：第一，盈利企业的利润将被转移到亏损企业，尽量减少对整个集团的税收负担。二是不同的企业使用不同的地区的税收优惠规定，对关联方的利润实行低税甚至更优惠其次，有关法律法规的限制1、难以控制非关联方关系行为。为了真正反映关联方交易的经济实质，颁布了“关联方之间对资产出售会计处理暂行规定”。核心内容是：上市公司关联方交易如果没有确凿的证据证明交易价格是公平的，对部分明显不公平的交易价格应允许被确认为当期损益，作为资本公积处理的存在，这部分差额不得用于增加资本或弥补损失。由于非关联方交易的暂行规定是不完善的。上市公司通过各种途径如通过非关联方关系使从原来的关联方收入转到非关联方，实现利润操纵的目的。此外，上市公司将非关联方关系的非货币性资产和货币性交易更换。2、关联方关系的规定范围太小。判断关联方之间的关系标准：直接或间接控制，共同控制或有直接的重大影响；两个或多方控制。但间接共同控制，重大的间接影响，共同控制下的两个或两个以上当事人不作为关联方的会计标准。上市公司利用关联方关系定义的范围窄操纵利润。3、关联方交易的披露要求的定价政策太简单。要求上市公司在财务报表附注，关联方交易的定价政策予以披露。然而，对定价政策的范围、不同的定价政策适用于哪些类型的交易等不作规定。目前，对定价政策的选择也极不规范，并没有解释定价。4、信息披露缺乏有效的监督。目前，上市公司披露关联方关系及其交易有很多的问题：第一，不完整披露关联方关系。许多上市公司都没有对