综合英语6Unit2Bards-of-the-Internet省公开课金奖全国赛课一等奖微课获奖PP

Unit2BardsoftheInternet1/144Whatdoesthispictureimply?2/144Weareenteringaneraofinformationexplosionwhichisboostedbyadvancedscienceandtechnology.WehavebecomeaccustomedtocommunicatewitheachotherthroughTwitter,Weibo,Facebook,etc.TheInternethaschangedourlifeonewayoranother.PleaseshareanexampleonhowtheInternethaschangedyourlifeorsomehabits.Opentodiscussion.3/144TheInternethasprovideduswithamorespeedyandconvenientmeansofcommunication,whichiscalledforbythequickenedpaceoflifetoday.Onlinecommunicationhasbredastyleofwritingwithnumerousdistinctivefeaturesofitsown.Canyouthinkofsomeexamplestoillustratethedifferencesbetweenonlinewritingandtraditionalwriting?Opentodiscussion.4/144唐家三少—张威5/144Inthisessaytheauthordescribesthecurrentfashionfornetwriting,exploresthecausesofthepoorqualityofwritingfoundontheInternet,andexplainsitsmeritsanddifferencesfrompublishedwritingaswellasjustificationsforitssurvivalandprevalence.6/144 CompuServe(Paragraph2) Foundedin1969asacomputertimesharingservice,CompuServedrovetheinitialemergenceoftheonlineserviceindustry.In1979,CompuServebecamethefirstservicetoofferelectronicmailcapabilitiesandtechnicalsupporttopersonalcomputerusers.CompuServebrokenewgroundagainin1980asthefirstonlineservicetoofferreal-timechat.SinceitsacquisitionbyAOL(AmericaOn-line)in1998,CompuServehasbeenawhollyownedsubsidiaryofAmericaOn-line,Inc.7/144Prodigy(Paragraph2)anofficialwebsite,providingInternetaccessandrelatedvalue-addedservices8/144 AmericaOnline(Paragraph2) theworld’slargestonlineinformationservicewhichisoftenabbreviatedasAOL.ItisanAmericancorporationheadquarteredinVirginia,ownerandoperatorofonlineandinteractivecomputergames.9/144 McLuhan(Paragraph2) HerbertMarshallMcLuhan(1911–1980),Canadianwriterandphilosopher.Hearguedthatitisthecharacteristicsofaparticularmediumratherthantheinformationitdisseminates(传输）thatinfluenceandcontrolsociety.10/144 TorBooks(Paragraph3) TorBooks,animprintofTomDohertyAssociates,LLC,isaNewYork-basedpublisherofhardcoverandsoft-coverbooks,foundedin1980andcommitted(althoughnotlimited)tosciencefictionandfantasyliterature.ThecompanyisnowpartoftheHoltzbrinkgroup,nowknownasMacmillanPublishers.11/144 MarkTwain(Paragraph3) USnovelistandhumorist;pseudonymofSamuelLanghorneClemens(1835–1910).Aftergainingareputationasahumoristwithhisearlyworks,hewrotehisbest-knownnovels,TheAdventuresofTomSawyer(1876)andTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(1885);bothgiveavividevocationofMississippifrontierlife.12/144 TomPaine(Paragraph3) ThomasPaine(1737–1809),18thcenturyEnglishpoliticalwriter.HispamphletCommonSense(1776)calledforAmericanindependenceandTheRightsofMan(1791)defendedtheFrenchRevolution.13/144 RevolutionaryWar(Paragraph3) indicatingthewarofAmericanRevolutionfrom1775to1783inwhichtheAmericancolonistswonindependencefromBritishrule.TheRevolutionarypamphleteerswerenotprofessionalwritersbutcommoncitizensengagedinthedebateofideas.14/144 Elizabethanera(Paragraph3) Elizabeth(1533–1603),queenofEnglandandIreland(1558–1603);daughterofHenryVIII.Shere-establishedProtestantismasthestatereligion.ThephraseindicatestheperiodoftimereignedbyElizabeth.15/144 Gutenberg(Paragraph3) JohannesGutenberg(c.1400–1468),15thcenturyGermanprinter.HewasthefirstintheWesttoprintbyusingmovabletypeandtouseapress.16/144 CanterburyTales(Paragraph7) AcollectionofstoriesinpoeticformwrittenbyGeoffreyChaucerandpublishedbyWilliamCaxtonin1478.Today,avisittoTheCanterburyTales,oneofKent’smostpopularattractions,withitsstunningreconstructionof14thcenturyEngland,isjustlikesteppingintotheMiddleAges.Hereitreferstoaveryold-fashioneddressingstyle.17/144 WELL(Paragraph9) apioneeringonlinecommunityknownforengagingconversationsandintelligentdebates18/144 Sausalito(Paragraph9) asmallcityinnorthwesternCalifornia,acrosstheGoldenGatefromSanFrancisco,anotedartistscolonywithapopulationofabout8,00019/144

NewYorkTimes(Paragraph9) oneofthemostimportantpapersinthehistoryofAmericannewspapers,whichwasfoundedonSeptember18,1851byHenryJarvisRaymondandGeorgeJones.RaymondwasalsoafoundingdirectoroftheAssociatedPressin1856.20/144

WallStreetJournal(Paragraph9) Foundedin1889,theWallStreetJournal,theflagshippublicationofDowJones&Company,istheworld’sleadingbusinessnewspaper.21/144

CommunicationsDaily(Paragraph10) America’spreeminentdailytelecomnewssourcepublishedbyWarrenCommunicationsNews,thepublisherofmust-readdailynewspublicationscoveringthetelecomandtelevisionindustry22/144 DesMoines(Paragraph12) thecapitalofIowa,inthesouthcentralpartofthestate,withapopulationofabout200,00023/144 BrookFarm(Paragraph13) anexperimentalcommuneinWestRoxbury,Massachusetts,setupbyagroupofUSwritersinthe1840s24/144 theGlobeTheatre(Paragraph13) atheatreinSouthwark,London,erectedin1599,wheremanyofShakespeare’splayswerefirstpubliclyperformed25/144 PhillipElmer-DeWittisasenioreditorofTimemagazine.Since1982,Elmer-DeWitthaswrittenaboutscienceandtechnologyforthemagazine.Asastaffwriterforthatpublication,hehaslaunchedtwonewsectionsinthemagazine:in1982,“Computers”andin1987,“Technology.”In1993,Elmer-DeWittalsospearheadedTimeOnline,theinteractiveeditionofthemagazine.26/144 Elmer-DeWitthasproducedoverfourhundrednewsandfeaturestoriesonsubjectsrangingfrominvitrofertilizationtocomputersex.HisTimemagazinecoverstoriesinclude“ComputerViruses”(1988),“Supercomputers”(1988),“CuringInfertility”(1991),“Cyberpunk”(1993),“InfoHighway”(1993),“VideoGames”(1993),“HumanCloning”(1994),“TheInternet”(1994),and“SexinAmerica”(1994).27/144StructurePartI

PartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV28/144Keywords:Net-writingPoorqualitycausegemmerit29/144Part1(Para.1-2)introductoryleadThefirsttwoparagraphsareanintroductorylead-inthatpresentsananalyticalcomparisonbetweenwhathappenedtowritingwhenthetelephonewasinventedandwhatishappeningoncomputernetworksnow.30/144

1.Oneoftheunintendedsideeffectsoftheinventionofthetelephonewasthatwritingwentoutofstyle.Oh,sure,therewerestillfull-timescribblers—journalists,academics,professionalwordsmiths.Andthegreatcentersofcommercestillfounditusefultokeeponhandpeoplewhocoulddraftamemo,abrief,apressreleaseoracontract.Butgivenachoicebetweenpickingupapenoraphone,mostfolkstooktheeasyrouteandgavetheirfingers—andsometimestheirmind—arest.31/144 unintendedadj.notdeliberateorplannedanunintendedslightThegrouparguesthatmanyoftheproposedreformswillhaveunintendedconsequences.e.g.32/144 “Oneoftheunintendedsideeffectsoftheinventionofthetelephonewasthatwritingwentoutofstyle.”

Whentelephonewasinvented,noonerealizedatthattimethatitwouldoutdatewriting.Paraphrase33/144

“...andgavetheirfingers—andsometimestheirmind—arest.”

Explanation

...andpreferredtousethetelephoneratherthanthepen(inahumorousway).34/144 Paragraph1:Question Whydoestheauthorrelatewhathappenedtothetelephonewithwhatishappeningtothecomputer?Bydoingso,theauthorseemstosuggestthatwriting,whichwentoutofstylewiththeinventionofthetelephone,isexperiencinganunexpectedcomebackwithonlineletterwriting.35/144 第1段汉字译文 电话创造，产生了一个始料不及后果，书写过时了。诚然，全职写字工依然存在，包含记者、学者以及职业写手。大型商业中心依然很有必要保留一些能草拟备忘录、会议纪要、新闻稿或者协议人。不过在举笔和拿起话筒之间选择话，大多数人都会走便道，让手指——有时还有大脑——休息片刻。36/144 2. Whichmakeswhat’shappeningonthecomputernetworksallthemorestartling.Everynight,whentheyshouldbewatchingtelevision,millionsofcomputeruserssitdownattheirkeyboards;dialintoCompuServe,Prodigy,AmericaOnlineortheInternet;andstarttyping—E-mail,bulletin-boardpostings,chatmessages,rants,diatribes,evenshortstoriesandpoems.JustwhenthemediaofMcLuhanweresupposedtorenderobsoletethemediumofShakespeare,theonlineworldisexperiencingthegreatestboominletterwritingsincethe18thcentury.37/144

“Whichmakeswhat’shappeningonthecomputernetworksallthemorestartling.”Explanation

Here“which”isarelativepronounreferringtothesituationmentionedintheprecedingparagraph.Thesentencewouldbegrammaticallyacceptableifitwererestructuredas“Allthismakeswhat’shappeningonthecomputernetworksallthemorestartling.”38/144 rendervt.tomakesomeoneorsomethingbeorbecomesomething;toexpress,show,orperformsomethinginaparticularwayHisrudenessrenderedmespeechless.Thesingersrenderedthesongwithenthusiasm.e.g.39/144 obsolescentadj.(cf.obsolete) becomingreplacedbysomethingnewerandmoreeffectiveTheamateurmoviegaugesof8mm,Super8and9.5mmareobsolescent.Muchofourexistingmilitaryhardwareisobsolescent.e.g.NoteThingsthatare

obsolete

areoutofdateornolongeringeneraluse.

Thingsthatare

obsolescent

arefadingfromgeneraluseandsoontobecomeobsolete.40/144 boomn.

anincreaseintheactivityofaparticularindustryorpartofacountry'seconomyThisyearhasseenaboominbooksales.Theinsurancebusinesssufferedfromaviciouscycleofboomandbust（繁荣与萧条）.e.g.41/144 “JustwhenthemediaofMcLuhanweresupposedtorenderobsoletethemediumofShakespeare,theonlineworldisexperiencingthegreatestboominletterwritingsincethe18thcentury.”

Contrarytowhatisexpected,atatimewhenthemediaofMcLuhan(e.g.television)weresupposedtomakethemediumofShakespeare(i.e.letterwriting)outofdate,letterwritingontheInternetisenjoyingthegreatestdevelopmentsincethe18thcentury.Paraphrase42/144 Paragraph2:Question Whatisimpliedwhentheauthorsays“...themediaofMcLuhanweresupposedtorenderobsoletethemediumofShakespeare...”?Thephrase“themediaofMcLuhan”referstothenewmediathatbecamepopularinthe20thcenturysuchasradio,televisionandmovies,while“themediumofShakespeare”referstothetraditionalwayof“letterwriting”inthemainclauseofthissentence.Thesentenceimpliesthat,insteadofbeingrenderedobsolete,letterwritingisexperiencingthefastestdevelopmentsincethe18thcentury,thoughitisinthe“online”form.43/144 第2段汉字译文

与之相比，当前计算机网络上发生现象就更为惊人了。每个夜晚，当人们本应该看电视时候，成千上万计算机用户坐在键盘前，点击进入“电脑服务”、“奇才”、“美国在线”或互联网，并开始打字——发电子邮件、公布信息、聊天、夸夸其谈、谩骂，甚至创作短篇小说和诗歌。当麦克卢汉所说媒介正在淘汰莎士比亚时代媒介时，网络世界正经历着18世纪以来信件书写最为迅猛发展。44/144Part2(Para.3-4)featureandqualityofnetwritingInthisparagraphanumberofpeople’sremarksarequoted.Thesequotationsserveasevidenceofthefactthatdeviationsfromthetraditionalmediumofletterwritingarenotrareinhistory.Theimplicationisthatweshouldnotbesurprisedbytheboominnet-writing.45/144 3. “ItismyoverwhelmingbeliefthatE-mailandcomputerconferencingisteachinganentiregenerationabouttheflexibilityandutilityofprose,”writesJonCarroll,acolumnistattheSanFranciscoChronicle.PatrickNielsenHayden,aneditoratTorBooks,compareselectronicbulletinboardswiththe“scribblers’compacts”ofthelate18thandearly19thcenturies,inwhichmemberspassedlettersfromhandtohand,addingalittlemoreateachturn.DavidSewell,anassociateeditorattheUniversityofArizona,likensnetwritingtotheliterarysceneMarkTwaindiscoveredinSanFranciscointhe1860s,“whenpeoplewerereinventingjournalismbygraftingitontothetall-talefolktradition.”46/144 OthersharkbacktoTomPaineandtheRevolutionaryWarpamphleteers,oreventotheElizabethanera,when,thankstoGutenberg,agenerationofEnglishwritersbecameintoxicatedwithlanguage.47/144 likenvt. likensomeone/somethingtosomething

tosaythatsomeoneorsomethingissimilartosomeoneorsomethingelsee.g.Shelikenedtheexperiencetosinkingintoawarmbath.Oursmallcompanycanbelikenedtoabig,happyfamily.48/144 reinventvt.tochangesomethingthatalreadyexistsandgiveitadifferentformorpurposee.g.ThestoryofRomeoandJulietwasreinventedasaLosAngelesgangstermovie（黑帮片）.He’soneofthosesportsmenwhoreinventthemselvesasTVpresenters.reinventas/reinventyourself:tochangethewaythatyoubehaveorthethingsthatyoudosothatpeoplethinkofyouasadifferentkindofperson她一直努力把自己重新塑造成一位演员。(reinventas)Shekepttryingtoreinventherselfasanactress.49/144 graftvt.:toaddsomethingandmakeitbecomeapartofanotherthinge.g.Apieceofskinwasremovedfromherlegandgraftedontoherface.Themanagementtriedunsuccessfullytograftnewworkingmethodsontotheexistingwaysofdoingthings.50/144 thetall-talefolktraditionn. thetraditioninwhichpeopletellastoryorataleinafancifulandexaggeratedmanner. Atalltale/storyisataleorastorythatishardtobelieve,becauseitissoexaggeratedorunlikely.Heretheauthorreferstoauniquekindofjournalisminwhichpeoplereportnewsinmuchthesamewayaspeopletelltalltales.51/144

DavidSewell...likensnetwritingtotheliterarysceneMarkTwaindiscoveredinSanFranciscointhe1860s,“whenpeoplewerereinventingjournalismbygraftingitontothetall-talefolktradition.”

DavidSewellcomparesnetwritingtotheliterarysceneMarkTwaindiscoveredinSanFranciscointhe1860s,“whenjournalistswerefondofwritingnewsreportsinthetraditionaltall-talestyle.”Paraphrase52/144harkbacktosomethingtorememberortalkaboutsomethingthathappenedinthepaste.g.Theyalwaysharkbacktowhattheycallthe'goodolddays'.导演新片回归到早期电影格调。(harkbackto)Thedirector’slatestfilmharksbacktotheearlyyearsofcinema.53/144 pamphleteersn. Thoughmostpamphleteerswerenotprofessionalwriters,theywerepassionateadvocatorsofNorthAmericanindependence.54/144 Paragraph3:Questions 1.Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenhesays“...E-mailandcomputerconferencingisteachinganentiregenerationabouttheflexibilityandutilityofprose”?TheauthormeansthatE-mailandcomputerconferencingdemonstratetoawholegenerationofpeoplethatthelanguageweusedoesnothavetobealwayssoformalasintraditionalletterwriting;itcanbeusedinacasualmannerwhilestillservingitspurposeeffectively.55/144 Paragraph3:Questions 2.Whatdoestheauthorwishtoconveyinhiscomparisonbetweennetwritingwith“scribblers’compacts,”MarkTwain’sdiscoveryofnewjournalisminSanFrancisco,RevolutionaryWarpamphleteersandtheachievementsoftheElizabethanera?Andwhatdoeshefindwithhiscomparison?Theauthorusestheseexamplestotellthereadersthattherearesomesimilaritiesbetweennetwritingandthoseexperimental,eveninnovativewritingmodesinhistory,andsonetwritingcouldberegardedasakindofrenaissance.56/144 Buthefindsinthiscomparisonthatmuchofnetwritingisawfullybad—sloppy,meandering,ungrammatical,poorlyspelled,badlystructuredandevencontentfree.57/144 第3段汉字译文 “我确信电子邮件和网上会议正在教会整整一代人写文章是多么有用，能够灵活到何种程度，”《旧金山纪事报》专栏作家乔恩·卡洛尔这么写道。石山图书出版社编辑帕特里克·尼尔森·海顿把当今电子公告板比作18世纪末19世纪初“文字盒”：这是个小盒子，盒内文章在多人间传递，每人经手时都会增加一些句子。来自亚利桑那大学副主编大卫·塞维尔则将网络写作喻为马克·吐温在19世纪60年代在旧金山所发觉文学景象，“当初人们将新闻报道嫁接到夸大民俗传统故事之中，创造了新新闻报道方式”。（续）58/144 第3段汉字译文（接）更有甚者，有些人想起了汤姆·潘恩和美国革命时期政治小册子作家，甚至还想起了伊丽莎白一世时期，古腾堡活字印刷术创造，令一代英国作家沉迷在语言之中。59/144 4. Butsuchcomparisonsinviteaquestion:Ifonlinewritingtodayrepresentssomesortofrenaissance,whyissomuchofitsoawful?Foritcanbeverybadindeed:sloppy,meandering,puerile,ungrammatical,poorlyspelled,badlystructuredandattimesvirtuallycontentfree.“HEY!!!1!”readsanalltootypicalmessageontheInternet,“ITHINKMETALLICAIZREELKOOLDOOD!!!!”60/144 sloppyadj. doneinaverycarelesswaye.g.Spellingmistakesalwayslooksloppyinaformalletter.Anothersloppypasslikethatmightlosethemthewholematch.61/144 meandervi. ariverorroadthatmeandersfollowsapathwithalotofturnsandcurves totalkorwriteforalongtime,changingsubjectsorideas,sothatpeoplebecomeboredorconfusede.g.ameanderingriveralongmeanderingspeechThefilmmeandersalongwithnoparticularstoryline.62/144 puerileadj.(n.puerility) likeasillyyoungperson,orlikesomethingtheywouldsayordoe.g.Hecanbeverypuerilewhenhe’shadacoupleofdrinks.Someofyourcolleagueshavebeencomplainingaboutyourpuerilityintheoffice.63/144 “Foritcanbeverybadindeed:sloppy,meandering,puerile,ungrammatical,poorlyspelled,badlystructuredandattimesvirtuallycontentfree.”Foritcanbeverybadindeed:careless,pointless,childish,withmanygrammaticalandspellingmistakes,andstructuralmistakes,andsometimesithasnorealmessageormeaning.Paraphrase64/144

“ITHINKMETALLICAIZREELKOOLDOOD!1!!!” —ThisisanexampleofsloppyandvacuouswritingontheInternet.65/144 第4段汉字译文

可是这种比较又引出一个问题：假如说当今网络写作代表了某种复兴，但为何这么多网络作品又如此糟糕呢？网络写作可能会低劣不堪：文体拖沓、漫无边际、愚蠢幼稚、不合语法、拼写糟糕、结构不妥，有时甚至毫无内容可言，正如网络上经典短信息所表示：“嗨！！！！我以为金属乐队酷毙了！！！！”66/144Part3(Para.5-9)reasonsanddefense67/144Para.5-6Inthesetwoparagraphstheauthorexploresthereasonswhythequalityofnet-writingissopoor.Onceagaintheauthorquotessomeremarksmadebyotherpeople.Para.7:Inthisparagraphtheauthorbeginstociteexamplesindefenseofnet-writing.Hefirstpointsoutthatthereareactuallysomereallygoodwritings(gems)ontheInternet.68/144Para.8-9Inthesetwoparagraphstheauthordiscussestworeasonswhytherearesome“gems”ontheInternet:oneisthatthe“Darwiniansurvivalprinciplehasstartedtoprevail,”whichmeansthatonlygoodwritingwillsurvive;andtheotheristhe“collaborative”workincomputerconferences,atwhichideasareknockedagainstoneanother“untiltheyspark.”69/144 5. Onereason,ofcourse,isthatE-mailisnotlikeordinarywriting.“Youneedtothinkofthisas‘writtenspeech’,”saysGerardVanderLeun,literaryagentbasedinWestport,Connecticut,whohasemergedasoneofthepreeminentstylistsontheNet.“Thesethingsarelittlemoreconsideredthancoffeehousetalkandalotlessconsideredthanaletter.They’renottohaveandhold;they’retofireandforget.”Manyonlinepostingsarecomposed“live”withtheclockticking,usingrudimentarywordprocessorsoncomputersystemsthatchargebytheminuteandinsomecaseswillshutdownwithoutwarningwhenanhourrunsout.70/144 emergevi. tocomeoutofsomethingoroutfrombehindsomethingtobecomeknowne.g.Thefactsbehindthescandalaresuretoemergeeventually.She’sthemostexcitingBritishsingertoemergeonthepopsceneforadecade.71/144 preeminentadj.(n.preeminence) betterormoreimportantthananyoneoranythingelseinaparticularactivitye.g.Sheisthepreeminentauthorityinhersubject.Hispreeminenceinhissubjectisinternationallyrecognized.72/144 “...GerardVanderLeun...hasemergedasoneofthepreeminentstylistsontheNet.”

...GerardVanderLeun...hasbecomeknownasoneofthemostimportantstylistsontheInternet.Paraphrase73/144 “They’renottohaveandhold;they’retofireandforget.”

Theyareoflittleliteraryvalue,sopeoplewritethem,sendthemandforgetthem.Paraphrase74/144 “Manyonlinepostingsarecomposed‘live’withtheclockticking...”

Manyonlinepostingsarewrittenspontaneously,withnopreparationwithinaveryshorttime...(i.e.Theyareimprovisedundergreattimepressure.)Paraphrase75/144 Paragraphs5-6:Question Whatarethereasonsthatcouldaccountforthepoorqualityofnetwriting?First,things(suchasE-mail)writtenontheInternethavelittleliteraryvalue,sothey’renotmeanttobepermanent.Theyjustcomeandgoandnoonewilleverrememberthem,oncetheyareread.Second,manyonlinepostingsareproducedundergreattimepressure.Third,thereisactuallynothresholdontheInternet,sothatanyonecanlogonandsendoutwhattheyhavewritten.76/144 第5段汉字译文

当然，原因之一就是电子邮件不一样于常规写作。“你得把它看成是‘写下来话’，”康涅狄格州西港镇文学作品经纪人杰勒德·凡·德·勒恩如是说，此人是最近在网络上窜红文体家,“这种东西和咖啡屋里闲谈相差无几，但和书信相差甚远。它们不用储存保留，而是要删除遗忘。”许多网络公告内设“实况”计时系统，利用计算机系统中基本文字处理器，这类公告以分钟收费，往往一小时后不给提醒就自动关闭。77/144 6. ThatisnottosaythatwithmoretimeeverywriterontheInternetwouldproduceasparklingcopy.Muchofthefictionandpoetryissecond-rateorworse,whichisnotsurprising,giventhatthebarrierstoentryaresolow.“Intherealworld,”saysMaryAnneMohanraj,aChicago-basedpoet,“ittakesahellofalotofworktogetpublished,whichnaturallyweedsoutalotofthegarbage.OntheNet,justafewkeystrokessendsyourwritingouttothousandsofreaders.”78/144 ahellofalotof (usedasanemphasizer)agreatdealof helln. usedforsayingthatsomethinghappensthatmakespeopleangryorupset,andtheystartfightingorarguinge.g.Ohhell,I’veforgottenmykey!Whatthehellwasthatnoise?79/144 weedn. someonewhoisthinandweak weedout toremoveapersonorthingthatisnotsuitableorgoodenough,especiallyfromagrouporcollectione.g.Helookslikearealweedinthoseshorts.weedoutdandelionsweedoutunqualifiedapplicants80/144 “...ittakesahellofalotofworktogetpublished,whichnaturallyweedsoutalotofthegarbage.”

...ifyouwanttohaveyourbookpublished,youneedtodoalotofwork.Inthiswayalotofuntalentedwritersarepreventedfrompublishingbadworks.Paraphrase81/144 第6段汉字译文

这并不是说，全部网络作家多花一点时间都能生产出惊世之作。网上许多小说和诗歌都属二流水平或者更差，这倒并不足为怪，因为入这行门槛太低了。“在现实世界中，”芝加哥诗人玛丽·安妮·穆罕拉吉说，“文学作品要出版，要做非常辛勤劳动，这自然就剔除了大量垃圾。而在网络世界，区区几次按键就能够将自己作品发给成千上万读者。”82/144 7. Butevenamongthereamsofbadpoetry,gemsaretobefound.MikeGodwin,aWashington-basedlawyerwhopostsunderthepenname“mnemonic,”tellsthestoryofJoeGreen,atechnicalwriteratCrayResearchwhoturnedamoribunddiscussiongroupcalledrec.arts.poemsintoarealpoetryworkshopbymercilesslycritiquingthepieceshefoundthere.“Somepeoplegotangryandsaidifhewassuchagodofpoetry,whydidn’thepublishhispoemstothegroup?”recallsGodwin.“Hedid,andblewthemallaway.”83/144 Green’sWellMetinMinnesota,amock-epicaccountofaface-to-facemeetingwithafellownetworkscribbler,isnowreveredontheInternetasaclassic.Itbegins,“ThetruthisthatwhenImetMarkIwasdressedastheCanterburyTales.Ratherdifficulttodoasyoumightsuspect,butIwantedtomakeacertainimpression.”84/144 “Butevenamongthereamsofbadpoetry,gemsaretobefound.”

Eventhoughmostofthepoemsareofbadquality,therearestillsomereallygoodones.Paraphrase85/144 blowaway tomakesomeonefeelverysurprised,especiallyaboutsomethingtheylikeoradmire;todefeatsomeonecompletely e.g.Theendingwillblowyouaway.Thatconcertblewmeaway.I’mgonnablowhimawaywhenIcatchupwithhim.86/144 “Hedid,andblewthemallaway.”

Hedidpublishhispoems,andoverwhelmedthemall.ParaphraseHere“toblowsomeoneaway”isaninformalexpressionwhichmeans“tomakesomeonefeelverysurprised,especiallyaboutsomethingtheylikeoradmire.”Italsomeans“todefeatsomeonecompletely.”Note87/144 Paragraph7:Question Whatisimpliedinthesentence“...whenImetMarkIwasdressedastheCanterburyTales.Ratherdifficulttodoasyoumightsuspect,butIwantedtomakeacertainimpression”?Inthesentence“Mark”referstothefellownetworkscribblermentionedintheprecedingsentence.“IwasdressedastheCanterburyTales”means“Iwasdressedinaveryold-fashionedmedievalstyle.”ThewholesentencesuggeststhatGreenwantedtoattractattention.88/144 第7段汉字译文 不过尽管劣质诗歌充满泛滥，网络上仍有珍宝可寻。以笔名“记忆术”发贴华盛顿律师迈克·戈德温讲述了乔·格林故事。格林是克雷企业技术文档撰写人员，他经过犀利地批评在一个名为“娱乐·艺术·诗”讨论组上发觉诗作，将这个行将湮灭讨论组变成了名符其实诗歌创作工作坊。这触怒了一些人。他们说，假如他是个诗神，为何不在组内发表自己诗作？”戈德温回想说，“他不但发表了自己诗作，而且把他们彻底镇住了。”（续）89/144 第7段汉字译文 （接）还有格林《缘定明尼苏达》，一部统计他与一位网络写手见面仿史诗作品，则成了互联网上备受尊崇经典之作。该书开篇写道：“实际上我去见马克时候，打扮得像《坎特伯雷故事集》中人物。您一定认为这太难了，但我想给人留点印象。”90/144 8. Themoreprosaictechnicalandpoliticaldiscussiongroups,meanwhile,havebecomesocrowdedwithwriterscryingforattentionthataDarwiniansurvivalprinciplehasstartedtoprevail.“It’ssocompetitivethatyouhavetoworkonyourstyleifyouwanttomakeanyimpact,”saysJornBarger,asoftwaredesignerinChicago.GoodwritingontheNettendstobeclear,vigorous,wittyandaboveallbrief.“Themediumfavorstheterse,”saysCrawfordKilian,awritingteacheratCapilanoCollegeinVancouver,BritishColumbia.“Shortparagraphs,bulletedlistsandone-linersaretheunitsofthoughthere.”91/144 prevailvi.tobethestrongestinfluenceorelementinasituation;toexistataparticulartimeorinaparticularsituatione.g.Iamsurethatcommonsensewillprevailintheend.Thisattitudestillprevailsamongthemiddleclasses.Thetowniskeptcoolbytheprevailingwesterlywinds.Hewaseventuallyprevailedupontoaccepttheappointment.即便在今天，有些传统风俗在农村地域依然流行着。(prevail)Eventodaysomeofthetraditionalcustomsstillprevailinruralareas.92/144

“...aDarwiniansurvivalprinciplehasstartedtoprevail.”

...Darwin’ssurvivalprinciplehasstartedtocomeintoeffect/gaininfluenceorcontrol.Paraphrase93/144makeanimpacton/intomakeaneffect,oraninfluencee.g.Internetshoppinghasbeguntohaveaseriousimpactontraditionalbookshops.She'sanexcellentathletewhoisalreadymakingarealimpactinworldcompetition.禁烟运动对年轻人产生了不小影响。(makeanimpacton)Theanti-smokingcampaignmadequiteanimpactonyoungpeople.94/144tersen.atersestatementorre