中考英语复习-第三部分-题型专题突破-专题五-阅读理解市赛课公开课一等奖省名师获奖课件

专题五阅读了解第1页第2页第3页二、题型特点阅读了解主要考查考生对各种话题和体裁阅读材料了解能力以及从各种材料中获取信息能力等。考生只有较快地读懂材料,抓住短文大意并获取关键信息,才能对阅读问题做出正确判断。要高效地做好阅读了解题,必须分清类型、对症下药,还要利用一定解题技巧,这么才能轻松搞定各类阅读问题。分析上表可知,安徽近三年阅读了解体裁主要为记叙文、说明文和应用文。阅读材料话题多样,有图表广告、生活常识、哲理故事、文化风俗、人物介绍等。近两年说明文阅读有加大趋势,同时话题愈加多样。总来说,阅读材料均贴近考生生活,有较强时代性、文化性、思想性和教育性。题型设置以细节了解题为主,推理判断题、词义推测题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题为辅。阅读了解最终一题,设有3个小题,要求考生依据短文内容回答下列问题。本篇阅读了解除了考查考生准确取得语言信息能力外,更多是测试考生综合利用英语能力。做本题要注意以下几点:1.依据不一样问题采取不一样应答方式;2.首字母大小写;3.句末标点符号;4.句子主谓语成份和时态;5.每小题答案字数要求等。第4页1.通读全文,了解文章大意。读懂材料,抓住短文大意,获取关键信息,才能对阅读问题做出正确判断。抓住文章首尾句及每段中心句,获取文章主旨大意。2.读问题,带着问题找答案。考生可先读题目,把握问题含义,经过寻读法在原文中找出与问题相关关键词,然后寻找关键词在文章中所在句子及段落,依据短文内容对试题所给出句子进行正误判断。常见阅读了解考查方式有以下几个形式:细节了解题、推理判断题、词义推测题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题。3.再读文章,检验答案正确性。完成答题后必须将短文再读一遍,首先加深对短文了解,另首先再对每一道题进行复查,尤其是一些似是而非问题。第5页典例1

(·安徽)KaitlinRiffel’sdreamtoendpoverty(贫困)startedwhenshewasvisitingherfather,whoworkedforthehomeless.“Ineverrealizedtherewerepeopleintheworldwhodidn’thaveahomeorfoodbefore,”saidKaitlin,whoisnowsixteen.“IknewtherewassomethingIhadtodoaboutthat.”Atageeight,shestartedraisingmoneytobuildaplayground.“Ittookmetwoyears,”Kaitlinsaid.“Westartedsmall.Wewantedtodosomethingtomakeadifference.”In,whenKaitlinwasthirteen,shevisitedCentralAmerica,andsawpeoplegoinghungryandfamilieslivinginhousesmadeofcardboard.Thatyear,shesetKids

on

a

Mission,whichhashelpedhundredsofpeoplethere.“Theroomsweresmallerthanmybedroom,buttherewouldbeeightpeoplelivingineachone,”Kaitlinsaid.“Wealsogottoseethedirtyriversthatthosepeopleweredrinkingoutof.”Providingcleandrinkingwater,foodandclothesforpeoplelivinginpovertyisnowanimportanttaskforKids

on

a

Mission.“Thisyoungladyischangingtheheartsofpeople,andalsochangingtheworld,”saidtheheadmasterofKaitlin’sschool.第6页83.ThejobofKaitlin’sfatherwasto

.

A.sellfoods B.buildplaygroundsC.visitschools D.helphomelesspeople84.WhendidKaitlinsetKids

on

a

Mission?A.In. B.In. C.In. D.In.85.Whatwaspeople’slifelikeinCentralAmericaaccordingtoKaitlin?A.Theylivedinstronghouses. B.Theirdrinkingwaterwasdirty.C.Theirbedroomswereverybig. D.Theyhadenoughfoodandclothes.第7页86.Whatcanweinferfromtheheadmaster’swords?A.Kaitlinisalwaysreadytogiveandhelp.B.Kaitlinhasmanychancestotravelaround.C.Kaitlinoftenchangesschoolsforherstudy.D.Kaitlinhasaseriousproblemwithherheart.87.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SchoollifeinAmerica B.GiftfromaheadmasterC.Father’sdutyinthefamily D.Girl’sdreamtoendpoverty【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,介绍了Kaitlin为了实现结束贫困梦想而做出很多尝试,她努力改变整个世界。第8页83.D

【解析】细节了解题。依据第一段中“whenshewasvisitingherfather,whoworkedforthehomeless”可知,Kaitlin父亲工作是帮助无家可归人。84.C

【解析】细节了解题。依据第四段中“In...Thatyear,shesetKids

on

a

Mission”可知,C项正确。85.B

【解析】细节了解题。依据倒数第二段中“thedirtyriversthatthosepeopleweredrinkingoutof”可知答案。86.A

【解析】推理判断题。依据最终一段第一句可推测Kaitlin乐善好施,故选A项。87.D

【解析】标题归纳题。纵观全文,尤其是第一段与最终一段可概括出文章中心是:Kaitlin梦想是结束贫困。第9页细节了解题利用题目标关键词(数字、大写、人名、地名等),在文中寻找对应词、对应句,在对应词周围找答案或直接在文中把答案标注出来。这类试题是针对文章中细节而设置,如文章中某一个特定细节,也可能包括若干个细节,或者针对文章主要事实,或者利用图表、图形来表示信息等。要求考生依据对短文了解,直接选择正确答案,普通在通读短文后可直接找出答题依据。难度较小,属于浅层了解题。第10页推理判断题这类题依据原文给出信息进行推理与判断。主要是对细节推理和对主旨推理,文中找不到原句。处理这类题要注意:一、与原文相同细节不能选;二、文中没有出现细节不能跳出文章做推断;三、依据作者态度进行推理。怎样做这类题:(1)要以文章提供事实和线索为依据,忠实于原文,由已知推及未知,遵照“词不离句,句不离段,段不离篇”标准;(2)考生在吃透文章字面意思基础上,再从字里行间捕捉有用提醒和线索;(3)了解文章体裁、题材和基调,琢磨作者态度,摸准逻辑发展方向,悟出作者言外之意;(4)要把握句、段之间逻辑关系,了解语篇结构等。第11页标题归纳题这类题考查考生对文章主题或中心思想领会和了解能力:(1)以原文为依据,不掺杂个人意见;(2)不选正确,只选最适合本篇文章;(3)注意绝对化词;(4)答案要防止以点带面,以偏概全;(5)“傻瓜”标准,即文章中没有提到就看成不知道,不要妄自猜测,一切以文章内容为准。第12页典例2

(·安徽)DearSundayGlobe,IamwritingtotellyouaboutyourarticleSmartphones

Make

Life

EasierinlastSunday’snewspaper.Youdidanexcellentjobexplainingthegoodpointsofsmartphones,butyoudidn’ttalkabouttheirbadpointsatall.So,Ihopeyou’llletmegiveyourreaderssomeadviceonsmartphoneetiquette(礼仪).ThefirstpointI’dliketoaddressisloudness.Whenyoutalkonyoursmartphoneinpublic,pleasedon’tshout.Infact,themicrophonesinsmartphonesareverysensitive(灵敏).So,youcanbeheardevenifyouspeakquietly.第13页Anotherpointisaboutpersonalspace.Idon’tthinkitispolitetomakecallsinsmallspacesfullofpeople.Thismakesothersuncomfortableandforcesthemtolistentoyourpersonalbusiness.What’sworse,itstopsmanyface-to-faceconversationsfromeverbeginning.Lastly,doingtwothingsatthesametimeisdangerous.Forexample,makingcallswhiledrivingisabadhabit.Payattentiontotheroad!Similarly,whenstayingwithyourfriends,turnoffyoursmartphoneandenjoytheircompany.Yourstruly,AmberJala第14页79.AmberJalawrotetheletterto

.

A.findagoodjob B.provideadviceC.makeherlifeeasier D.buyasmartphone80.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“address”inParagraph2probablymean?A.致函 B.称呼 C.陈说 D.选址81.AccordingtoParagraph3,whatmakespeoplearoundyouuncomfortable?A.Discussingfacetoface. B.Speakingquietlyonyourphone.C.Mindingyourownbusiness. D.Callinginsmallspacesfullofpeople.第15页82.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Itisdangeroustodriveontheroad.B.Itiseasytostartacompanywithothers.C.Itisbadtoturnoffourphoneswhiledriving.D.Itisimportanttouseoursmartphonesproperly.【文章大意】本文是一封书信,介绍了使用智能手机应注意几个方面。第16页79.B

【解析】细节了解题。依据第一段最终一句中“letmegiveyourreaderssomeadviceonsmartphoneetiquette”可知,作者写信是想提供一些相关智能手机礼仪提议。80.C

【解析】词义推测题。依据第一段中“Youdidanexcellentjobexplaining...didn’ttalkabouttheirbadpointsatall.”可推测,画线词意为“陈说”。81.D

【解析】细节了解题。依据第三段第二、三两句可知,在狭小空间里打电话是不礼貌,这会让周围人不舒适。82.D

【解析】推理判断题。依据最终一段中“makingcallswhiledrivingisabadhabit...turnoffyoursmartphoneandenjoytheircompany”可推测,适当地使用智能手机是很主要。第17页主旨大意题做主旨大意题时,要求考生在了解全文后归纳短文关键点,概括中心思想。可从文章首、尾段寻找主题句或纵观全文归纳总结出文章主旨大意。这类题主要针对主题、中心思想、文章结构层次(主题句或主题段)、作者写作目标等方面,要求考生在准确了解全文后,归纳段落大意,概括中心思想和短文关键点。第18页词义推测题依据前后比较关系、定义(描述)、举例等进行猜测或者利用同位语、同义词及构词法等进行猜测。解答这类题目时需要一些猜词技巧:(1)依据上下文来猜测词义;(2)经过同义词或反义词来猜测词义;(3)经过构词法来猜测词义;(4)经过定义或释义来猜测词义;(5)依据转折、因果关系等来猜测词义;(6)依据生活常识来猜测词义等。对于这类题目采取“代入法”也十分有效,即将备选答案逐一代入文中,哪一个选项能使句子意思通顺、连贯,且与上下文内容一致,那个选项就是该题正确答案。第19页数字计算题要求考生就文章提供数据,以及数据与文中其它信息关系做出简单计算和推断。在做这类题时:(1)要抓住并正确了解与数据相关信息含义;(2)搞清众多信息中哪些属于有用信息,哪些属于干扰信息;(3)不要孤立对待数字信息,还要抓住一些关键词句。第20页Therewasonceanoldanddeepwell.Peoplegotwaterbydroppingabucket(木桶)tiedtoarope.Theropepassedoverawheeljustabovethewell.Ontheothersideoftheropewasanotherbucket.Astrongpullbroughtonebuckettothetopwhiletheotherdowntothewater.Theyalwayspassedeachotheronthewayupanddown,butneverhadtimetospeak.第21页Atlast,theropebecameworn.Soanewropehadtobeputinitsplace.Whilethiswasbeingdone,thetwobucketswereleftstandingtogethernearthewell.“Whataboringlifewehave!”saidonebuckettotheother.“Iamquitetiredofit.Nomatterhowfullwecomeup,wearealwayssentdownempty.”Buttheotherbucketlaughedandsaid,“Whatafunnywayyouhaveoflookingatthings!Don’tyouseethatwheneverwearesentdownempty,wealwayscomeupfull?”Boysandgirlssometimestalklikethesetwobuckets.Youmayhearoneofthemsay,“Justaswearehavingagoodgame,wearemadetostopandgotoworkagain.”“Yes,”theotherwillreply,“butassoonasworkisover,wealwaysgettogooutandhavefunagain.”第22页Therearetwowaysoflookingatthings.Ifyouwanttobehappy,lookatthebrightside.88.Whatwerethebucketstiedto?(不超出10个词)

89.Wheredidthetwobucketstalkwitheachother?(不超出10