高三上学期期末英语检测题

2022—2023学年度第一学期高三年级期末检测英语试卷本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。第Ⅰ卷选择题(共95分)第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节：单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)1.—Let’stakeacoffeebreak.—________We’vebeenworkingforhours.A.Whybother? B.Whatfor? C.Yougotmethere. D.Yousaidit.【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情景对话。——句意：我们休息一下喝杯咖啡吧。——你算说对了。我们已经工作好几个小时了。根据下文说“我们已经工作好几个小时了”，上文应该是赞同这个建议。A.Whybother?没有必要；B.Whatfor?为什么；C.Yougotmethere.你把我搞糊涂了；D.Yousaidit.你算说对了。故选D符合语境。2.Afteraday’swork,Iwenttotherestaurantnearmycompanytohavedinner,onlytobetoldthatit________.A.isdecorated B.wasdecoratedC.isbeingdecorated D.wasbeingdecorated【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态语态。句意：一天的工作结束后，我去公司附近的餐厅吃饭，却被告知餐厅正在装修。该空动词decorate在宾语从句中作谓语，根据句意，去餐厅吃饭，使用了onlytobetold表示意外的结果状语，应该是不能在那里用餐。因为是当时餐厅正在被装修。从句主语“restaurant”（即it）正在被装修；参考主句谓语动词“went”时态可知，该空从句谓语动词decorate应使用过去进行时的被动语态。故选D项。3.—BrendaboughtaniPhone14lastweek.—Oh,really?HowIwishIcouldget______aswell!A.one B.it C.that D.another【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查代词。句意：——Brenda上周买了一个iPhone14。——噢，真的吗？我多么希望我也能买一个。one与that虽可用来指代同名异物，但one为泛指，相当于a/an+名词；that为特指，相当于the+名词。此处应是aniPhone14。it指代同类同物；another（人，事物）又一个的，再一个的。故选C。4.There'sonlyoneforlearningoralEnglish:Practice.Youcan'timproveyouroralEnglishifyoudon'tspeakjustlikeyoucan'tlearnhowtoswimonthebed.A.reference B.recipe C.regulation D.request【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：学习英语口语只有一个秘诀：练习。如果你不说，你就不能提高你的英语口语，就像你不能在床上学会游泳一样。A.reference参考；B.recipe秘诀；C.regulation规则；D.request要求。根据句意知其讲述了一个学习英语的方法，比较四个选项的意思。故选B项。5.Participatingthisspeechservesasafabulousopportunitytoacquireathoroughandcomprehensiveunderstandingofprofoundhistorybehindeverycharacter_______merelylearningtowrite.A.intermsof B.byturn C.dueto D.ratherthan【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：参加本次演讲是一个绝佳的机会，可以让我们深入全面地了解每个人物背后的深刻历史，而不仅仅是学习写作。A.intermsof就……而言；B.byturn轮流；C.dueto由于；D.ratherthan而不是。根据句意可知，此处为固定短语ratherthan“而不是”，满足句意要求。故选D项。6.Thenumberofforeignersthat________toChina________increasingatarateofabout10%peryear.A.come;is B.comes;is C.come;are D.comes;are【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：来到中国的外国人的数量正以每年百分之十左右的速度递增。分析句子结构可知，“that________toChina”是that引导的定语从句，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词保持一致，先行词是名词复数“foreigners”，故用动词原形，Thenumberof表示“……的数量”，主句谓语动词要用单三。故选A项。7.I’llshareastorywithyouthisclass,one________musiccantouchone’ssoulandchangeone’slife.A.that B.which C.when D.where【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我将与你分享一个故事，一个有一首曲子可以触及你的灵魂，改变你的生活的故事。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，one指代上文提到的story，从句中作抽象地点状语，用关系副词where引导定语从句，故选D。8.Readersarerequiredto________therulesofthelibraryandmindtheirmanners.A.review B.confirmC.observe D.manage【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：读者被要求遵守图书馆的规章制度，并且注意自己的行为举止。A.review评论；B.confirm证实；C.observe观察，遵守；D.manage管理。由下文“therulesofthelibraryandmindtheirmanners.”可知，读者在图书馆应该遵守规章制度，故选C。9.________Earthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlife,humans’adaptabilitywillsurelyallowustoliveonotherplanets.A.While B.Since C.Until D.Unless【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然地球是已知的唯一支持生命的行星，但人类的适应性肯定会让我们生活在其他行星上。A.While虽然；B.Since自从，因为；C.Until直到；D.Unless除非。结合句意，此处用while“虽然”引导让步状语从句符合语境。故选A。10.Afterthewarbrokeout,thesoldiersinthatareawerethefirstgroup________tothefront.A.tosend B.tobesent C.beingsent D.sending【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：战争爆发后，该地区的士兵是第一批被派往前线的人。由“Afterthewarbrokeout”可知，战争爆发后，士兵“将会”被派往前线，故应用todo不定式，表示将来，作后置定语。且thesoldiers与send构成被动关系，故应用tobedone结构。故选B项。11.I______haveworriedbeforeIcametothenewschool,formyclassmateshereareveryfriendlytome.A.mightn’t B.mustn’tC.needn’t D.couldn’t【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我来新学校之前本没有必要担心，因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。needn'thavedone本没有必要做某事，表示实际上已经做了某事。根据后一句“formyclassmateshereareveryfriendlytome.”可知，同学对我非常友好所以我本没必要但心。mightn't也许不；mustn't不允许；couldn't不可能。故选C。12.Kateheardaman’svoiceinthebackground,butshecouldn’t________whathewassaying.A.setaside B.takebackC.makeout D.keepoff【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。A.setaside存储，留出；B.takeback收回，拿回；C.makeout辨认出，理解，了解；D.keepoff（使）避开。根据but可推知，凯特应该是听不清。故选C。13.Completedin1891,in______wasknownastheGildedAge,thebuildingisnowownedbyafamouswriter.A.which B.what C.as D.who【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：建成于1891年，那个被称作镀金时代的时期，这栋建筑现在属于一个著名的作家。A.which哪一；B.what什么/东西；C.as正如，当，因为；D.who谁。分析句子可知此处是宾语从句连接词，从句______wasknownastheGildedAge缺少主语，且指物，故用连接代词what，故选B项。14.Agoodadvertisement,________peopleattachpositivemeanings,cancontributetothesalesofaproduct.Atowhich B.ofwhich C.forwhich D.onwhich【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一个好的广告，人们赋予它积极的意义，可以有助于产品的销售。分析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是advertisement，attachsthtosth把……附在……上，固定短语，故此处介词用to，关系词在从句中作介词to的宾语，应用关系代词which，故选A项。15.—Skippingbreakfastisagoodwaytoloseweight.—________.Actuallyithastheoppositeeffect.A.Ican’tagreemore B.That’snotthecaseC.That’sforsure D.I’mgladtoknowthat【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——不吃早餐是减肥的好方法。——事实并非如此。实际上，它有相反的效果。A.Ican’tagreemore.我非常同意。B.That’snotthecase.事实并非如此。C.That’sforsure.这是肯定的。D.I’mgladtoknowthat.我很高兴知道这一点。根据“Actuallyithastheoppositeeffect.”可知，说话人并不同意前面的观点。故选B。第二节：完形填空(共20小题;每小题分;满分30分)AforeignerwassightseeinginacityofSouthIndia.Heenteredatemplethatwasunder____16____.Therewasasculptorbusymakinganidol(神像),witha(n)____17____idollyingnearbyhim.In____18____,theforeigneraskedthesculptor,“Hey,whyareyoumakingtwoidenticalidols?”“Sir,whileIwascreatingthefirstidol,myhand____19____andtheidolgotdamaged.That’swhyI’mcreatingthesecondidol,”thesculptorreplied.Theforeignerthoroughly____20____thefirstidolandagaingotconfused.Ina(n)____21____tone,theforeigneragainaskedthesculptor,“Ican’tseeany____22____onthesurfaceofthefirstidol.Whereisit?Canyoupleaseletme____23____?”Thesculptorreplied,“Pleasesee,thenoseofthefirstidolwasdamagedanditcannotbe____24____.”“Okay,____25____willitbeinstalled(安装)?”theforeignerasked.“At200feetabovethetemplebuilding,”thesculptoranswered.Theforeigner____26____andsaid,“Sincethisidolwillbeinstalledso____27____thenobviouslynoonewouldbe____28____toseethedamagednose.Whyareyoucreatingthissecondidol?You’re____29____yourtime!”Thesculptorreturnedthesmileandsaid,“Yes,youareright...butIknowitandeverytimeIseethatidol,the____30____ofbuildingadamagedidolwillhaunt(萦绕于脑际)me.”Excellencemeans____31____andyoushouldbeperfectineverythingyoudoinlife,nomatterwhat.Excellenceisnotsomethingthatyouwantto____32____;itshouldbefromyourinnerself.Nomatterwhatyoudoinyourlife,youshouldfeelsatisfiedinside.Ifyoudon’tdoitwithcompleteexcellence,don’tdoitatall____33____ifitisnotexcellentthenitwon’tbe____34____orfun.Wearewhatwerepeatedlydo,andexcellence,therefore,isnotanact,buta____35____.16.A.attack B.control C.examination D.construction17.A.old B.gold C.broken D.similar18.A.admiration B.confusion C.happiness D.sadness19.A.slipped B.stopped C.lifted D.dried20.A.abandoned B.measured C.checked D.painted21.A.polite B.impatient C.joking D.injured22.A.label B.feature C.mistake D.symbol23.A.guess B.judge C.speak D.know24.A.ignored B.repaired C.discovered D.prevented25.A.how B.why C.when D.where26.A.sighed B.screamed C.smiled D.sobbed27.A.far B.high C.deep D.backward28.A.glad B.ready C.eager D.able29.A.contributing B.exhausting C.wasting D.killing30.A.guilt B.fear C.criticism D.dilemma31.A.perfection B.success C.creativity D.popularity32.A.relyon B.takein C.appealfor D.showoff33.A.but B.because C.sothat D.eventhough34.A.complex B.challenging C.profitable D.understandable35.A.duty B.compliment C.habit D.dream【答案】16.D17.D18.B19.A20.C21.A22.C23.D24.B25.D26.C27.B28.D29.C30.A31.A32.D33.B34.C35.C【解析】【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。通过一个外国人疑惑雕刻家为什么要雕刻第二个神像的故事，来告诉我们，做事就要做得完美。【16题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他走进了一座在建的寺庙。A.attack攻击；B.control控制；C.examination检查；D.construction建设。根据后文“Therewasasculptorbusymakinganidol”可知，雕像还在雕刻中，所以寺庙是还在建造。故选D项。【17题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一个雕刻家正忙着做一个神像，旁边躺着一个类似的神像。A.old老的；B.gold金的；C.broken破坏了的；D.similar类似的。根据后文“Hey,whyareyoumakingtwoidenticalidols?”可知，这两个雕像看起来几乎一模一样，所以是类似的。故选D项。【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：外国人很困惑，问雕塑家：“嘿，你为什么要做两个一模一样的神像?”A.admiration羡慕；B.confusion困惑；C.happiness幸福；D.sadness悲伤。根据后文“Hey,whyareyoumakingtwoidenticalidols?”可知，外国人在问这个雕刻家，所以是疑惑的。故选B项。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：先生，当我在制作第一个神像时，我的手滑了一下，神像损坏了。A.slipped滑离；B.stopped停止；C.lifted抬高；D.dried烘干。根据后文“theidolgotdamaged”可知，雕像被损坏了，结合选项，应该是手滑了一下，导致雕像损坏符合实际。故选A项。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：外国人仔细检查了第一个神像，再次被弄糊涂了。A.abandoned遗弃；B.measured测量，C.checked检查；D.painted给……刷漆。根据后文“Ican’tseeany7onthesurfaceofthefirstidol.”可知，外国人没看到伤痕，所以是检查了雕像。故选C项。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：外国人又用礼貌的语气问雕塑家。A.polite有礼貌的；B.impatient没有耐心的；C.joking开玩笑的；D.injured受伤的。根据后文“Canyoupleaseletme8?”可知，外国人是礼貌地问雕像家。故选A项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看不出第一个神像的表面有任何错误。A.label标签；B.feature特征；C.mistake错误；D.symbol象征。根据后文“Whereisit?”可知，外国人在问雕像家，损坏的地方在哪，可知，他没有看到错误的地方。故选C项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你能告诉我吗？A.guess猜测；B.judge评判；C.speak说话；D.know知道。根据前文“Whereisit?”可知，外国人没看到损坏的地方，所以问雕刻家能不能告诉他错误的地方在哪。故选D项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：雕刻家回答说：“请看，第一个神像的鼻子损坏了，无法修复了。”A.ignored忽略；B.repaired修理；C.discovered发现；D.prevented预防。根据前文“thenoseofthefirstidolwasdamaged”可知，第一个雕像的鼻子坏了，再根据前文提到雕刻家开始雕刻第二个神像，所以是无法被修复的。故选B项。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：好的，它将被安装在哪里？A.how怎样；B.why为什么；C.when什么时候；D.where在哪里。根据后文“At200feetabovethetemplebuilding”可知，雕刻家回到的是神像被放在哪里，所以是问神像将被安装在哪里。故选D项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：外国人笑着说。A.sighed叹了口气；B.screamed尖叫；C.smiled微笑；D.sobbed抽泣着。根据后文“Thesculptorreturnedthesmileandsaid”可知，雕刻家回了外国人微笑，所以外国人是微笑着说。故选C项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：既然这个神像要被安放在那么高的地方，那么显然就没有人能看到它损坏的鼻子了。A.far远的；B.high高的；C.deep深的；D.backward向后的。根据前文“At200feetabovethetemplebuilding”可知，神像是被安装在很高的地方。故选B项。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：既然这个神像要被安放在那么高的地方，那么显然就没有人能看到它损坏的鼻子了。A.glad高兴的；B.ready准备好的；C.eager渴望的；D.able能够的。根据前文“Sincethisidolwillbeinstalledso12”可知，此处表达“神像要被安放在那么高的地方，那么显然就没有人能看到它损坏的鼻子了”之意，beableto意为“能够”。故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你在浪费时间！A.contributing贡献；B.exhausting耗尽；C.wasting浪费；D.killing杀死。根据前文“Whyareyoucreatingthissecondidol?”可知，外国人认为没人会看到损害的地方，觉得雕刻家雕刻第二个神像是在浪费时间。故选C项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我知道这一点，每当我看到那个神像，我就会因为建造了一个损坏的神像而感到内疚。A.guilt内疚；B.fear害怕；C.criticism批评；D.dilemma困境。根据后文“buildingadamagedidolwillhaunt(萦绕于脑际)me.”结合实际，建造了一个损坏的神像，应该是感到内疚。故选A项。31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：卓越意味着完美，无论你做什么，你都应该做到完美。A.perfection完美；B.success成功；C.creativity创造力；D.popularity流行。根据后文“youshouldbeperfectineverythingyoudoinlife,”可知，卓越意味着完美。故选A项。【32题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：卓越不是你想要炫耀的东西；它应该来自你的内心。A.relyon依靠；B.takein吸收；C.appealfor呼吁；D.showoff炫耀。根据后文“itshouldbefromyourinnerself.”可知，空处应该是和innerself相对应的事物，结合选项可知，D项showoff符合。故选D项。【33题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：如果你做得不完美，那就不要做，因为如果你做得不完美，那就没有好处，也没有乐趣。A.but但是；B.because因为；C.sothat因此；D.eventhough尽管。根据前文“Ifyoudon’tdoitwithcompleteexcellence,don’tdoitatall”和后文“ifitisnotexcellentthenitwon’tbe19orfun.”可知，两句间是因果关系，应该用because引导。故选B项。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你做得不完美，那就不要做，因为如果你做得不完美，那就没有好处，也没有乐趣。A.complex复杂的；B.challenging挑战性的；C.profitable有好处的；D.understandable易懂的。根据后文“orfun”可知，空处应该和fun并列，结合选项和实际，我们做事要么有好处要么有乐趣才会做。故选C项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们反复做的事造就了我们，因此，优秀不是一种行为，而是一种习惯。A.duty责任；B.compliment恭维；C.habit习惯；D.dream梦。根据前文“Wearewhatwerepeatedlydo,andexcellence”可知，我们反复做的事造就了我们，所以反复做的事是习惯。故选C项。第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题;每小题分，满分50分)ABestBasketballClassesforthePre-TeenYearsinFremont,CAHoopSphereBasketballAcademy(510)806-8992YouarenotsimplyinaclassatHoopSphere,butarejoiningabasketballjourney.Confidence,adaptability,communicationskills,teamwork,leadership,discipline,andhardworkareallmainbyproductsofwhatweteach.Thesequalitiesallimpactourstudentsineverythingtheywilldo.Wehavemanyexperiencedcoachesandourteamisaccustomedtoworkingwithallagesandlevels.Theyarenotonlycaringandpassionate,butalsooutstandingteachersandcommunicators.Mon-Sat:8:00am-4:30pmSun:ClosedMissionHoopsAcademy(510)936-1336Wehaveourownindoorfacilityandallourcoacheshaveexperienceatcollegiateandprofessionallevel.Weareanestablishmentwhereindividualsfromallwalksoflifecanworktogethertobecomeskilledathletesandrespectablepersonsthroughthedisciplinedteachingofbasketballandlifeskills.Mon-Fri:4:00pm-9:00pmSat:8:30am-12:00pmSun:ClosedCoachMickey(408)431-7950Wespecializeincoachinggroupbasketballtraining’s(2-4players).Amajorityofourexperiencehasbeencoachingkidsfromages5-15.Wecreateafunenvironmentforourplayersbutwhennecessarywewillchallengethemphysicallyandmentally.Ourmainfocusisonthefundamentalsandapplyingtheseskillsincompetitivegames.Mon-Fri:ClosedSat:8:00am-12:30pmSun:8:00am-12:30pmSSBBasketballAcademy(510)794-4888SSBBasketballAcademywasfoundedtoexposetoday’syouthtothegameofbasketballinafunmanner.AtSSB,werecognizethatnotallkidslearnthesamewayandnotallkidshavethesamegoals.Forsome,basketballisjustanotherformofrecreation.Othersmaywanttopursuethegamemoreseriously.Ourcurriculumisdesignedtochallengeandattractyourchildnomatterhisorhermotives.Mon-Sun:8:00am-7:00pm36.WhatistheadditionalbenefitofattendingtheclassatHoopSphere?A.Personalgrowth. B.Outstandingbasketballlessons.C.Theprogressofbasketballskills. D.Increasedknowledgeofbasketball.37.Ifyouwanttoreachthelevelofasportsman,youcanbestcall________.A.(510)794-4888 B.(510)936-1336C.(408)431-7950 D.(510)806-899238.InCoachMickey’sclass,________.A.havingfunisthemostimportantthingB.thereisnoagelimitoftheparticipantsC.masteringandusingbasicskillsarethemajoraimsD.participantscanplaybasketballonFridayafternoon39.WhichbasketballclassallowsyoutojoinonSundayafternoon?A.HoopSphereBasketballAcademy. B.MissionHoopsAcademy.C.CoachMickey. D.SSBBasketballAcademy.40.Whowillbeleastinterestedinthisarticle?A.Parentswhowanttoplaybasketballthemselves.B.Parentswithkidswhowanttolearnsomebasketballskills.C.Youngstudentswhowouldliketodevelopahobby.D.Youngstudentswholiketoplaybasketballandimprovethemselves.【答案】36.A37.B38.C39.D40.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。推荐几个加州弗里蒙特市青少年前最佳篮球课程。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据HoopSphereBasketballAcademy部分“YouarenotsimplyinaclassatHoopSphere,butarejoiningabasketballjourney.Confidence,adaptability,communicationskills,teamwork,leadership,discipline,andhardworkareallmainbyproductsofwhatweteach.Thesequalitiesallimpactourstudentsineverythingtheywilldo.(在HoopSphere你不仅仅是在上一节课，而是在加入一段篮球之旅。自信、适应能力、沟通能力、团队合作、领导力、纪律和勤奋都是我们所教的东西的主要副产品。这些品质都影响着我们的学生做任何事情)”可知，在HoopSphereBasketballAcademy，孩子们学到很多篮球技术之外，还可以学到很多其他方面的能力，会促进他们的个人成长，会对孩子今后成长有益。故选A项。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据MissionHoopsAcademy部分“Wehaveourownindoorfacilityandallourcoacheshaveexperienceatcollegiateandprofessionallevel.Weareanestablishmentwhereindividualsfromallwalksoflifecanworktogethertobecomeskilledathletesandrespectablepersonsthroughthedisciplinedteachingofbasketballandlifeskills.(我们有自己的室内设施，我们所有的教练都有大学和专业水平的经验。在我们这个机构，来自各行各业的人可以共同努力，通过篮球和生活技能的纪律教学，成为熟练的运动员和受人尊敬的人)”尤其“professionallevel”和“becomeskilledathletes”可知，MissionHoops学院有资质训练学员达到专业运动员水平，他们的联系电话是(510)936–1336。故选B项。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据CoachMickey部分“Ourmainfocusisonthefundamentalsandapplyingtheseskillsincompetitivegames.(我们主要关注的是基础和在竞技游戏中应用这些基础技能)”可知，使学员掌握和在竞赛中运用基础技能是CoachMickey的主要教学目标，basicskills呼应fundamentals。故选C项。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据SSBBasketballAcademy部分的最后时间信息“Mon-Sun:8:00am-7:00pm”可知，该课程在周一至周日的每天早八点至晚七点都可以去上课，其中包括周日下午。故选D项。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据文章标题BestBasketballClassesforthePre-TeenYearsinFremont,CA中的“Pre-TeenYears”并纵观全文，这几个广告宣传的课程都是招收喜欢篮球的青少年学员。由此推断，对此最不感兴趣的人应该是想自己学篮球技术的成年人。注意题目中“leastinterested”。故选A项。BWhenyouthinkofMicrosoft,BillGatescomestomindimmediately;however,numeroussourcesrevealthecompany’sco-founder,PaulAllen,wasalsoinstrumentalinthebrand’ssuccess.ThedocumentaryInsideBill’sBrainrecentlyrevealedmanyfactsoftheworld’sfamousbillionaire,includingtheirfriendship.GatesandAllenmetin1960satSeattle’sLakesideSchoolwhenGateswasineighthgrade.Allenwastwoclassesahead.Thestudentslandedinhotwaterwiththeschoolwhentheyworkedoncomputerterminals.Sincetheywererareatthetime,itcostpeopleupto$60tousethem.AllenandGateswerefascinatedbytheterminals,buttheexpensesprovedtoohigh.Theyworkedoutawaytousethesystemforfreeinexchangeforhelpingtheschoolrepairthem.Gateslatermentionedtheterminalastheobjectthatbroughtthetwotogether.Inthe1970s,AllenwasaprogrammerinBoston,whileGateswasastudentatHarvardUniversity.GatesquicklychangedhisfocusandspedthroughthemostadvancedcomputerandmathematicscoursesHarvardoffered.In1975,GatesmadeadecisivecalltoacompanythathadbuiltapersonalcomputercalledtheAltair8800.Gatesofferedtodevelopsoftwareforthesystem.Thefirmacceptedandpaidhim$3,000plusroyalties(版税).Inthesameyear,theyco-foundedMicrosoft,whichisateameffortbetweenAllenandGates.ItwasAllenwhopersuadedGatestodropoutofcollegetopursuesoftwaredevelopment.Plus,hecameupwiththeMicrosoftnameandsuggestedfocusingonitsgoalofprovidingsoftwareforsmallcomputers,ratherthantheearliestmodelsthatfilledentirerooms.LatersomefrictionsappearedbetweenhimselfandGates;however,theyrepairedthemsoon.Bill’swife,Melinda,says,“Ioftensawthemsitforhours.Theywereliketwolittleboyslaughingtogetherovertheseoldstories.”AllenandGatesbothpossessedbrilliantminds.AllenandGates’collaborationmadeMicrosoftpossible.Weshouldn’tlosesightofthepeoplewhohelpusalongtheway.Findingabusinesstoworkwiththosewhosupportussincerelyandcheerfullyisthesurestpathtoaccomplishingourgoals.41.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“instrumental”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Helpful. B.Delighted. C.Surprised. D.Forgettable.42.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.HowBillGatesfixedtheterminalproblems.B.HowBillGatesbecameacomputerexpert.C.HowAllenandGatesbecamefriends.D.WhatAllenandGatessharedincommon.43.WhenBillGatesstudiedatHarvardUniversity,________.A.hewantedtoleavetheuniversitysoon B.hehadaclearplanforthefutureC.hebuiltthefirstpersonalcomputer D.hefoundedMicrosoftbyhimself44.WhichcanbestdescribePaulAllen?A.Flexibleandcreative. B.Adventurousandactive.C.Forward-lookingandsupportive. D.Ambitiousandconsiderate.45.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Sincerityisthekeytosuccess. B.Afaithfulfriendishardtofind.C.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed. D.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.【答案】41.A42.C43.B44.C45.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。我们都知道微软公司的创始人比尔·盖茨是一位非常成功的人，但是很多人不知道盖茨的成功多亏了他的伙伴保罗·艾伦。艾伦为盖茨的成功做出了极大贡献。【41题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段前两句“ItwasAllenwhopersuadedGatestodropoutofcollegetopursuesoftwaredevelopment.Plus,hecameupwiththeMicrosoftnameandsuggestedfocusingonitsgoalofprovidingsoftwareforsmallcomputers,ratherthantheearliestmodelsthatfilledentirerooms.(是艾伦说服盖茨从大学辍学，从事软件开发。此外，他提出了微软的名字，并建议将重点放在为小型计算机提供软件的目标上，而不是那些占据整个房间的最早型号)”和最后一段中“Weshouldn’tlosesightofthepeoplewhohelpusalongtheway.(我们不应该忽视一路上帮助我们的人)”可知，是艾伦和盖茨的合作使微软成为可能，故艾伦也对微软品牌的成功有帮助，所以instrumental意为“有帮助的”。故选A。【42题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段内容，结合本段中“Gateslatermentionedtheterminalastheobjectthatbroughtthetwotogether.(盖茨后来提到，终端是将两人联系在一起的对象)”可知，本段主要讲述艾伦和盖茨是如何成为朋友的。故选C。【43题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Inthe1970s,AllenwasaprogrammerinBoston,whileGateswasastudentatHarvardUniversity.GatesquicklychangedhisfocusandspedthroughthemostadvancedcomputerandmathematicscoursesHarvardoffered.In1975,GatesmadeadecisivecalltoacompanythathadbuiltapersonalcomputercalledtheAltair8800.Gatesofferedtodevelopsoftwareforthesystem.(20世纪70年代，艾伦是波士顿的一名程序员，而盖茨是哈佛大学的一名学生。盖茨很快就转移了他的注意力，迅速完成了哈佛大学提供的最先进的计算机和数学课程。1975年，盖茨给一家生产个人电脑‘Altair8800’的公司打了一个电话，该电话具有决定性意义。盖茨表示愿意为该系统开发软件)”可知，盖茨在哈佛大学上学时，非常清楚地知道自己想做什么，对未来有清晰的规划。故选B。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“ItwasAllenwhopersuadedGatestodropoutofcollegetopursuesoftwaredevelopment.Plus,hecameupwiththeMicrosoftnameandsuggestedfocusingonitsgoalofprovidingsoftwareforsmallcomputers,ratherthantheearliestmodelsthatfilledentirerooms.(是艾伦说服盖茨从大学辍学，从事软件开发。此外，他提出了微软的名字，并建议将重点放在为小型计算机提供软件的目标上，而不是那些占据整个房间的最早型号)”可知，是艾伦说服盖茨辍学去从事软件开发，此外他提出了微软这一名称，并建议将重心放在为小型电脑而不是占据全部房间的早期机型提供软件上，由此可知艾伦很有远见，结合最后一段中“AllenandGates’collaborationmadeMicrosoftpossible.Weshouldn’tlosesightofthepeoplewhohelpusalongtheway.(艾伦和盖茨的合作成就了微软。我们不应该忽视一路上帮助过我们的人)”可知，艾伦能够为盖茨提供支持。故选C。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“AllenandGates’collaborationmadeMicrosoftpossible.Weshouldn’tlosesightofthepeoplewhohelpusalongtheway.Findingabusinesstoworkwiththosewhosupportussincerelyandcheerfullyisthesurestpathtoaccomplishingourgoals.(艾伦和盖茨的合作成就了微软。我们不应该忽视一路上帮助过我们的人。找到一家企业，与那些真诚、愉快地支持我们的人合作，是实现我们目标的最可靠途径)”可知，本段说明了“一个好汉三个帮”、“一人不抵二智”的道理。故选D。CSomepeoplecansitoutsideallsummerlongandnotsufferfrommosquitobites,whileothersturnintoanitchy(痒的)messdespitebathinginDEET(含驱蚊胺的沐浴露)andneverleavingthepurplelightofthebugzapper(灭蚊灯).It’smostlyabouttheinvisiblechemicallandscapeoftheairaroundus.Mosquitoestakeadvantageofthislandscapebyusingspecializedbehaviorsandsensoryorganstofindvictimsbyfollowingthetinychemicalmarkstheirbodiesleavebehind;specifically,mosquitoesrelyoncarbondioxidetofindtheirhosts.Whenwebreathe,thecarbondioxidefromourlungsdoesn’timmediatelymixwiththeair,buttemporarilystaysinplumes(团状气流)thatmosquitoesfollow.“Mosquitoesstartlocatingthemselvesinthosepulsesofcarbondioxideandkeepflyingupwindastheysensehigherconcentrationsthanthenormalatmospherecontains,”saidJoopvanLoon,ascientistwhostudiesinsects.Usingcarbondioxide,mosquitoescanlockontotargetsfromupto164feet(50meters)away.Thingsstartgettingpersonalwhenmosquitoesgetabout3feet(1meter)awayfromagroupofpotentialtargets.Atashortdistance,mosquitoestakeintoaccountalotoffactorsthatvaryfrompersontoperson,includingskintemperature,thepresenceofwatervapor(水蒸气)andcolor.Scientiststhinkthemostimportantfactormosquitoesrelyonwhenchoosingonepersonoveranotheristhechemicalcompounds(化合物)producedbythecoloniesofmicrobes(微生物菌落)thatliveonourskin.Thesechemicalsmellsarecomplex,includingupwardof300differentcompounds,andtheyvaryfrompersontopersonbasedongeneticvariationandenvironments.“Ifyoucompareafatheranddaughterinthesamehousehold,therecanbedifferencesintheratiosofthechemicalsthemicrobesaremaking,”saidJeffRiffell,anassociateprofessorofbiologywhohasstudiedmosquitoattraction.Forinstance,menwithagreaterdiversityofskinmicrobestendedtogetfewermosquitobitesthanmenwithlessdiverseskinmicrobesdid,astudyfound.Tinydifferencesintheelementsofthesechemicalsmellscanaccountforbigdifferencesinhowmanybitesapersongets.Theelementsofthosemicrobialcoloniescanalsovaryovertimeinthesameindividual,particularlyifthatpersonissick,Riffellsaid.Wedon’thavemuchcontroloverthemicrobiomesonourskin,butRiffelldidoffersomeadvicebasedonhisresearch—mosquitoeslovethecolorblack,soconsiderwearingsomethinglighteratyournextcookout.46.Whatdoweknowaboutmosquitoesbeforetheybite?A.Theyareaffectedbywindspeed.B.Theytendtoflyagainstthewind.C.Theytargettheirvictimsbyusingcarbondioxide.D.Theylocatetheirvictimsthroughtheirbodysizes.47.Whatisthedecisivefactorinmosquitoes’biting?A.Victims’skintemperature.B.Thewatervaporintheair.C.Thecolorofvictims’clothes.D.Thechemicalsleftonskinbymicrobes.48.Whoismorelikelytobebittenbymosquitoes?A.Menwithasmallervarietyofskinmicrobes.B.Menwithagreatervarietyofskinmicrobes.C.Womeningeneral.DMeningeneral.49.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Mosquitoesdonotbitepeoplewhoaresick.B.Mosquitoesdonotbitepeoplewhoaremucholder.C.Weshouldcoverourbodiesasmuchaspossibletoavoidmosquitoesoutdoors.D.Wearinglight-coloredclothingoutdoorsislesslikelytoattractmosquitoes.50.Whichquestiondoesthepassagemainlyanswer?A.Howtoavoidmosquitobites?B.Whyaretheremosquitoesintheworld?C.Whydosomepeopleattractmosquitoes?D.Whatkindofsmellattractsmosquitoesthemost?【答案】46.C47.D48.B49.D50.C【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要解释了为什么有些人更加吸引蚊子的叮咬。【46题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“‘Mosquitoesstartlocatingthemselvesinthosepulsesofcarbondioxideandkeepflyingupwindastheysensehigherconcentrationsthanthenormalatmospherecontains,’saidJoopvanLoon,ascientistwhostudiesinsects.Usingcarbondioxide,mosquitoescanlockontotargetsfromupto164feet(50meters)away.(研究昆虫的科学家约普·范龙（JoopvanLoon）说：“蚊子开始在这些二氧化碳脉冲中定位自己，并保持逆风飞行，因为它们感觉到的浓度高于正常大气中的浓度。”使用二氧化碳，蚊子可以锁定164英尺（50米）外的目标。)”可知，蚊子在叮咬之前先使用二氧化碳锁定目标。故选C。【47题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Scientiststhinkthemostimportantfactormosquitoesrelyonwhenchoosingonepersonoveranotheristhechemicalcompounds(化合物)producedbythecoloniesofmicrobes(微生物菌落)thatliveonourskin.(科学家认为，蚊子在选择一个人而不是另一个人时，最重要的因素是生活在我们皮肤上的微生物群体产生的化学化合物。)”可知，蚊子叮咬谁的决定性因素是这个人皮肤上的微生物群体产生的化学化合物。故选D。【48题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Forinstance,menwithagreaterdiversityofskinmicrobestendedtogetfewermosquitobitesthanmenwithlessdiverseskinmicrobesdid,astudyfound.(例如，一项研究发现，皮肤微生物多样性更高的男性比皮肤微生物种类更少的男性更容易被蚊虫叮咬。)”可知，皮肤微生物多样性更高的男性更容易被蚊虫叮咬。故选B。【49题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Wedon’thavemuchcontroloverthemicrobiomesonourskin,butRiffelldidoffersomeadvicebasedonhisresearch—mosquitoeslovethecolorblack,soconsiderwearingsomethinglighteratyournextcookout.(我们对皮肤上的微生物群没有太大的控制力，但里夫费尔根据他的研究提出了一些建议——蚊子喜欢黑色，所以下次外出时可以考虑穿浅色的衣服。)”可知，在户外穿浅色衣服吸引蚊子的可能性较小。故选D。【50题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“Somepeoplecansitoutsideallsummerlongandnotsufferfrom