【寒假自学课】六年级英语寒假讲义-第6讲-动词和动词短语 （教案+学案） 译林版（三起）学案2

课程主题：动词和动词短语学习目标:1.了解动词的分类和掌握基本形式；2.掌握重点动词的用法和相应短语。教学内容【进门测试】建议5min一、用括号中单词的正确形式补全句子。1.Heusually_________(get)upat6:30a,m,andthenwasheshisface.2.Weare_________(have)ourEnglishexaminationnow.3.TheEnglishteacher_________(ask)ustorevise(复习)ourEnglishlastweek.4.They_________(do)theirhomeworklastnight.5.MyfriendAnnis_________(sing).6.Hecan_________(do)theworkverywell.7.Thankyoufor_________(invite)me.8.Thisappleis_________(big)thanthatone.9.Doesyourmothergetup_________(early)thanyou?10.Alotof_________(visit)cometoourcountryeveryyear.【多元导学】建议5min请描述一下图片中的两个小朋友在做什么？【互动精讲】建议70min【知识梳理1】考点演练表示动作或状态的词叫动词。1.动词的分类动词知识要点例句实义动词实义动词也叫行为动词，表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，一般在句子中作谓语，有人称和时态的变化。实义动词又分及物动词和不及物动词。英语中的动词绝大多数属于这一类。IstudyEnglish.我学习英语。助动词助动词不能单独作谓语，只能与实义动词一起作谓语，可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。常用的助动词有do,have,shall,will,should,would等。Iwillbuysomebookstomorrow.我明天将去买些书。系动词系动词本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。常用的系动词有be,look.feel.seem,keep.smell,sound,become,get,grow,turn,come等。Theflowersmellsverysweet.这花闻起来很香。情态动词情态动词本身有词义，但不完整，不能独立作谓语，一般与实义动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的态度。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。常用的情态动词有can,may,must,will,shall,could,would,should,might,need等。Youshouldstudyhard.你应该努力学习。典例：用所给词的适当形式填空。(1)Weoften__________(walking)toschoolinthemorning(2)Everyone__________(pass)theexamlastyear.运用单项选择。()(1)Timwantsto__________strongerbuthedoesnotknowhowto__________it.A.get;doB.gets;doesC.getting;doing()(2)MrLeedoesn't__________playingfootball.A.likingB.likesC.like2.动词的基本形式（1）动词原形动词原形即动词未进行变化的形式，也就是词典中一般给出的形式。（2）第三人称单数动词原形变第三人称单数有以下几种情况：=1\*GB3①一般在动词词尾加-s。如：work—works；read—reads；look—looks。=2\*GB3②以-ch，-sh，-s,-x及辅音字母加o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es。如：catch—catches；finish—finishes;do—does。=3\*GB3③以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先将y变为i再加-es。如：fly—flies；study—studies；carry—carries。=4\*GB3④以元音字母+y结尾的动词后加-s。如：play—plays；stay—stays。（3）现在分词动词原形变现在分词的规则如下：=1\*GB3①一般在动词原形后加-ing。如：work—working；read—reading；look—looking。=2\*GB3②以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ing。如：smile—smiling；move—moving；take—taking。=3\*GB3③以重读闭音节结尾的词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写此字母后再加-ing。如：sit—sitting；cut—cutting；run—running。=4\*GB3④少数几个以-ie结尾的动词要变-ie为y，再加ing。如：die—dying；lie—lying。（4）过去式动词原形变过去式有以下几种情况：=1\*GB3①一般在动词原形后加-ed。如：work—worked;look—looked;wait—waited。=2\*GB3②以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先将y变成i再加-ed。如：study—studied；carry—carried。=3\*GB3③以重读闭音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写此辅音字母后再加-ed。-如：stop—stopped;drop—dropped。=4\*GB3④以e结尾的动词直接加-d。如：smile—smiled;move—moved。=5\*GB3⑤一部分动词的过去式是不规则变化。如：go—went;see—saw。典例：按要求写单词。(1)run(过去式)__________(2)come(现在分词）__________(3)hurry(第三人称单数）__________(4)do（第三人称单数）__________(5)buy(过去式)__________运用：按要求写单词(1)pass(第三人称单数）__________(2)drop(过去式）__________(3)write(现在分词)__________(4)get(过去式)__________(5)have(过去式)__________【知识梳理2】重点动词用法辨析1.havehave一词在英语中使用时有自己的特点，要记住它的特点：(1)have一词作“拥有”、“具有”讲时，可用于一般时态中，却不能用于进行时态(ishaving/arehaving等)。(2)have和havegot常与表示疼痛和疾病的名词连用。常见的短语如：haveacold(感冒)，have(got)aheadache(头疼),haveasorethroat(嗓子疼),havemeasles(麻疹)等。(3)have还可以替代常用动词，表示eat,enjoy,experience,drink,take等意义。这时have是行为动词，因此，可以用于各种时态。2.wantwant作动词，意为“想要”，相当于wouldlike。后接名词或动词不定式todo...。如：Iwantacupoftea.我想要一杯茶。Iwanttobuyanewcomputer.我想买台新电脑。3.see,looksee和look是感官动词，都有“看”的意思。它们的区别在于：look是指经常意义上的看，比较常用和口语化，它强调“看”的动作，提醒别人注意“看”，不强调“是否看到”，它后面不能直接加名词，必须和at连用后才能加名词。Look!MissWuiscoming.看！吴老师来了。Lookatthismap.看这张地图。有时look还可以作为名词，意为“看、神色、样子”。如：Maylhavealook?我可以看一下吗?see强调“看”的结果，意思是“看见(到)”，后面可以直接加名词。Icanseehim.我能看到他。—Canyouseethebird?你能看见那只鸟吗?—Yes,lcan.是的.我能看见。4.hear,listenhear既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，意为“听见、听到”，侧重耳朵听到的声音，强调听的结果。如：Whatdoyouhear?你听见了什么?SuddenlyIheardastrangenoise.我突然听到一种奇怪的响声。listen一般用作不及物动词，表示有意识仔细地听，但不一定听到什么，强调的是听的动作，它常单独使用，以提醒对方的注意。listen后面不能直接加名词，它必须和to连用，后面才能接人或物作宾语。如：Listen!Thebirdsaresinging.听！小鸟在唱歌。Pleaselistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.请在课堂上认真听老师讲课5.say,speak,talk,tellsay意为“说，讲”，强调说话的内容。如：Pleaseopenyourmouthandsay“Ah”.请张开你的嘴巴说“啊”Shesayshellotomewithasmile.她笑着和我打招呼。speak意为“讲话、发言、讲(某种语言)”，强调说的动作。如：Don'tspeakloudlyinthecinema.不要在电影院里大声说话。HecanspeakalittleJapanese.他能说一点儿日语。talk意为“谈话；说话；演讲”，强调双方的交谈。如：Whodidyoutalkwithjustnow?你刚刚和谁谈话的?Don'ttalktoeachotherinclass.上课不要交头接耳。tell意为“讲；说；告诉”。如：Canyoutellmethewaytothezoo?你能告诉我去动物园的路吗?Tellusthestory,please.请给我们讲那个故事吧！6.lookfor,findlookfor是“寻找”，表示动作的过程：而find是“找到”，表示动作的结果。如：Ilookedformypeneverywhere.butIcouldnotfindit.我到处找我的钢笔，但没有找到，7.turnon,openturnon与open的中文解释都是“打开”、“开”但turnon表示接通来源(如电源、水源、煤气等)，其反义词是turnoff：而open则表示打开某个封闭空间的门或盖(如箱子、房门、窗户等)，它的反义词是close。如：Turnon/Turnofftheradio,please.请把收音机打开/关掉。Heopened/closedthedoor.他开/关了门.8.taketake表示“做出”某种举动，其意义应根据后面的名词来决定。如：takeaphotograph拍一张照片takeawalk散步takealook看一眼takearest休息一下takeataxi乘出租车takeabath洗澡takeanexam考试takeaseat坐下9.wear,puton,haveonwear及物动词，用于表示“穿衣、鞋和袜子”、“戴帽和手套”等，强调衣服已穿在身上。如：Thelittleboywearsabluesweater.那个小男孩穿了一件蓝色的毛衣。haveon表示“穿着”，用于强调结果、状态。如：Theboyhasonanewshirt.那个男孩穿了一件新衬衣。puton表示“穿”，强调穿的动作。如：Itiscoldoutside,youmustputonyourcoat.外边很冷，你要穿上外衣。10.catchcatch是一个一词多义的单词，在阅读时要根据上下文仔细分析，选准词义。(1)表示“赶上，及时赶到”。如：Everymorninghewouldcatchthe7:30traintotown.每天早上他要赶7:30的火车进城。(2)表示“听清楚，理解”。如：Ididn'tcatchwhatyousaidjustnow.我没听清楚你刚才所说的话。(3)表示“引起(注意)”、“吸引”、“迷住”。如：Thebeautifulviewinfrontofmecaughtandheld.me.面前美丽的景色把我迷住了。11.help(1)表示“帮助，援助，救助”时，常构成句型“helpsb.(to)dosth.”或“helpsb.withsth.”。如：Wouldyouhelpme(to)cleantheroom?你帮我打扫一下房间好吗?(2)表示“对……有帮助，对……有好处”时，常构成句型：“sth.helpsb.”。如：Myknowledgeofhistoryhelpedmealot.我的历史知识帮了我的大忙。12.makemake可表示做出某种举动，其意义根据宾语而定。如：maketea/coffee湖茶/煮咖啡makeamistake犯错误makelunch做午饭makechanges作出变更makeanoise弄出声音makeamess弄乱makeasentence造句makethebed铺床makeaspeech做演讲makeadecision做决定13.stop(1)stop作名词意为“车站；停止”。如:abusstop公交车站；makeasuddenstop突然停下来(2)stop作动词时意为“停止”，其过去式为stopped，现在分词为stopping。其常用结构有：stoptodosth(停下来去做另一件事)；stopdoingsth(停止正在做的事)。如：Theworkersaretired,theystoptohavearest.工人们累了，停下来休息一下。Thestudentsstoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein.当老师进来时学生们停止讲话。14.thinkthink作动词“思考”，其后一般接that从句，表达某人的看法或观点。如：Ithinksheisright.我认为她是对的。注：(1)当1(We)think后接否定的从句时，一般将否定词提前，即否定主语，这叫否定前置。如：Idon'tthinksheisright.我认为她不对。(2)Ithinkso.(我认为如此。)Idon'tthinkso.（我认为不是如此。)用来简略回答自己对某事的看法。【课堂检测】=1\*ROMANI.按要求写单词1.ate(原形）__________2.made(原形）__________3.bought(原形）__________4.smoke（现在分词）__________5.chat(现在分词）__________6.show(过去式)__________7.wear(过去式)__________8.give(过去式)__________9.catch（第三人称单数）__________10write(第三人称单数）__________=2\*ROMANII.用所给词的道当形式填空1.Willthey__________(go)toShenzhentomorrow?2.Jackwill__________(have)apartyathomenextweekend.3.Mycousin__________(be)abusdriver.4.Jim__________(be)astudentlastyear.5.Alice__________(have)ahighfeveryesterday,butshe__________(feel)bettertoday.6.Didyou__________(have)supperlastnight?7.They__________(stay)inBeijingforaweeklastmonth.8.Weoften__________(play)tennisafterschool.9.They__________(collect)somecoinslastweek.10.Wecan'thelpyou,becauseweare__________(have)classes.11.Cindy__________(go)tothetheatreeveryweek12.Look,theyare__________(play)ontheplayground.13.Heis__________(read)astorybookinthelibrarynow.14.Listen,whois__________(speak)Englishintheclassroom?15.Look!Thebirdis__________(fly)inthesky.16.Tom__________(wash)hisfacebeforebreakfasteveryday.17.Thestudentscan__________(play)sportsafterclass.18.Herparentswill__________(come)homesoon.19.It'stimeto__________(have)breakfast.20.Mymotheris__________(cook)inthekitchennow.=3\*ROMANIII.单项选择。()1.John__________veryhappy.A.watchesB.seesC.looks()2.__________thecomputer.I'llsearchforsomething.A.TurnupB.TurnonC.Turnoff()3.Where__________yourunclecomefrom?A.areB.doC.does()4.Theidea__________good.A.soundsB.listensC.hears()5.Mybrother__________likeplayingfootball.A.don'tB.isn'tC.doesn't()6.Hello,thisisJack.MayI__________toMrZhang?A.talkB.tellC.speak()7.Amy__________theviolinwell.She__________itnow.A.play:isplayingB.plays;isplayingC.plays:plays()8.Itoften__________hereinspring.It__________heavilyyesterday.A.rains;rainedB.rained;rainsC.raining:rained()9.MyfriendTom__________manygoodhabits.A.haveB.hasC.having()10.Mymumoften__________mestorieswhenIwasalittlegirl.A.toldB.saidC.spoke()11.Goalongthestreetandturnrightatthesecondcrossing.Youcan__________thebank.A.lookupB.foundC.find()12.Yourshoesaren'tclean.Youshould__________.A.washitB.washthemC.washedtherm()13.Canyou__________methewaytothestore?A.showB.giveC.know()14.Tonyoften__________toschool.A.walkB.walksC.walked()15.Iwanttobuysomemedicine,butyou__________gowithme.A.cannotB.shouldnotC.neednot【要点回顾】建议15min一、动词的定义动词：表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。二、动词的分类根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。三、动词在时态中的变化（一)动词第三人称单数变化规则规律及构成方法例词（1）一般情况在动词后直接加smake—makes，skate—skates（2）以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的动词,在词尾加eswatch—watches,wash—washes,do—does（3）以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,把y变为i,再加esfly—flies，study—studies（4）牢记have—has(二)现在分词构成规则构成规则例词（1）直接+ingsleep—sleeping（2）去掉末尾的e+ingmake—making,have—having注意：see—seeing（3）双写末尾的辅音字母+ingrun—running,shop—shopping（4）以ie结尾的动词，要把ie变成y,再加ingdie—dying,lie—lying（三）规则动词过去式变化规则构词规则动词原形动词过去式（1）直接加edworkworked（2）以e结尾的单词，直接加ddancedanced（3）以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加edstudystudied（4）以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加edplayplayed（5）双写最后的辅音字母+edstopstopped（6）动词过去式的不规则变化stoppedshoppedplanned【温故知新】一、按要求写单词。1.have(第三人称单数)__________2.try(第三人称单数)__________3.fix(第三人称单数)__________4.write(现在分词)__________5.sit(现在分词)__________6.lie(现在分词)__________7.live(过去式)__________8.carry(过去式)_________9.read(过去式)__________10.did(原形)__________11.flew(原形)__________12.said(原形)__________13.study(同义词)__________14.begin(同义词)__________15.photo(同义词)__________二、用所给的动词适当形式填空。1.Mr.Wu____________(live)inHuMenlastyear.2.Thechildoften____________(study)Englishintheevening.3.We____________(read)manyinterestingbooksanhourago.4.Lookattheman!He____________(read)amagazine.

5.It____________(be)Mary’sbirthdayyesterday.6.I____________(visit)manyinterestingpandasonmyholidaytomorrow.7.Oneofthechildren____________(take)picturesnow.8.TomandMary____________(come)toChinathedaybeforeyesterday.9.There____________(be)abigbirthdaypartynextweek.10.Heatesomebreadand____________(drink)somemilk.11.Benalways____________(have)alotofquestions.12.Listen！Nancy____________(sing)inthedining-room.13.Mike____________(brush)histeetheverymorning.14.Pleasehelpthechildren____________(clean)hisbedroom.15.It’stimeforus____________(start).三、单项选择。()1.There_________apianoandtwochairsinthemusicroom.A.areB.isC.haveD.has()2.There_________somegrapejuiceandtwopiecesofbreadonthattable.A.hasB.isC.haveD.are()3.Where_________Baymax_________from?A.is;comeB.do;comeC.does;comeD.are;come()4._________yourbrother_________asoccerball?A.Do;hasB.Do;haveC.Does;haveD.Is;have()5.There_________anewfilmnextSunday.A.willhaveB.willbeC.isgoingtohaveD.aregoingtobe()6.I_________tiredyesterday,soI_________goshoppingwithher.A.am;don’tB.was;amnotC.was;didn’tD.am;amnot()7.Histeacher_________herbikenow,butshecan’t________it.A.finds,looksforB.looksfor,findsC.islookingfor,findD.finding,lookfor()8.Doyou_________theradioeverymorning?A.listenB.hearC.listentoD.hearto()9.Thestudentsare_________abouttheirfutureintheclassroom.A.talkingB.tellingC.sayingD.speaking()10.Mikedoesn’tplaysports.Heonly_________themonTV.A.seesB.watchesC.looksatD.reads四、根据所给的中文意思，完成下列句子。1.你从哪里来?Wheredoyou?2.他明天要和他的妹妹一起去画画。Hewithhissistertomorrow.3.我的爱好就是听音乐和游泳。Myhobbiestomusicandswimming.4.我父亲正在他的书房里写信。Myfatherisainhisstudy.5.张鹏上周日做作业和购物了。ZhangPenghomeworkandshoppinglastSunday.五、补全短文。(从方框中选择正确的单词并用其适当形式填空，每个词只能用一次。)ImanywomanmayoutbutgonexttoseatImanywomanmayoutbutgonexttoseatlookIt’sSunday.Thereare(1)________peopleonthebus.Andanoldmanis(2)________hereandthere.Hewantstofinda(3)________.Thenhefindsone.Hegoestoit.Asmallbagisontheseat.Andayoungmanis(4)_______it.“Excuseme,(5)________Ihavethisseat?”askstheoldman.“Sorry,it’sfora(6)________.She(7)_______tobuysomebananas.”saystheyoungman.“Well,”saystheoldman.“letmesithere,please.Whenshecomesback,Iwillleavehere.”Thebusstarts.“Shedoesn’tcome,(8)________herbagishere.Letmegiveherthebag.”theoldmanwantstothrowthebag(9)________ofthewindow.“Don’tthrow!It’s(10)________bag.”theyoungmanjumpsandshouts.六、完形填空。Hainanisan1inthesouthofChina.Itisfamousforthe2seaandthebeautifulbeach.Lastsummer,parentsand3wentthereonholiday.We4inthehotelinSanya.Ourstay5twoweeks.Duringourholiday,we6lotsoffun.Mymumswaminthesea,mydad7themotorboatwithme.Wealso8thecoconutjuice,andhaddifferentkindsofseafood,theislandwaswonderful9thepeopletherewerereallyfriendly.Wee