广东省阳江市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题（含答案解析）

机密★启用前2023-2024学年度第一学期高二期末测试英语试题本试卷共9页。考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。注意事项:1.答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚,将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写,字体工整、笔迹清楚。3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。4.作图可先使用铅笔画出,确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。5.保持卡面清洁,不要折叠,不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATopScientificBreakthroughsin2023Thepaceofinnovationneverslows,andtheimpactofthebreakthroughswillredefinethewaywelive,workandconnectwiththeworld.ANewEraforSpaceExplorationSpaceexplorationisoneofthecoremissionsinmanycountries.Recently,thenewestmissiontothemoonwaslaunchedasNASA’sArtemisProgram,whichwouldpavethewayforafuturemissiontoMars.Thisneweraofspaceexplorationwilldrivetechnologicaladvancementsinfieldsbeyondastronauticsandstimulateprogressinreal-worldapplicationslikematerials,foodscience,andmodernindustry.AMilestoneinAIPredictionsFordecades,thescientificcommunityhaschasedagreaterunderstandingofrelationshipsbetweenproteinfunctionsand3Dstructures.InJuly2023,DeepMindrevealedthatthefolded3Dstructureofaproteinmolecule(分子),whichreducedthenumberofhumanproteinswithunknownstructuraldatafrom4,800tojust29.WhiletherewillalwaysbechallengeswithAI,theabilitytopredictproteinstructuresinbiologyhasimplicationsacrossalllifesciences.GreenerFertilizerProductionEveryyear,billionsofpeopledependonfertilizersfortheongoingproductionoffood,andreducingthecarbonfootprintandexpensesinfertilizerproductionwouldreshapetheimpactagriculturehasonemissions.Toreduceenergyrequirements,researchersfromTokyoTechhavedevelopedanoble-metal-freecatalyst(催化剂),whichismuchmoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandsafertotheagriculturalproduces.Supercomputer—ExascaleExascalecomputers,whichcanperformamind-bogglingquintillion(1018)mathematicaloperationspersecond,finallyarrivedin2023.They’vealreadyhelpedrefineweatherforecastsanddesignnewmaterials,andnewoneswillbecomingonlinesoon.Theworld’smostpowerfulsupercomputers,operatingatthefarfrontierofspeedknownastheexascale,havenowbeguntoboom.Theseresultsfromexascalemachinescomingonlineinthenextfewyearspromisetoopenanewwindowintomaterials,climatescience,andmedicine.Tostayaheadofemergingtrends,newdiscoveriesanduniqueperspectives,weinviteyoutosubscribetoCASInsights!1.WhatdotheSpaceExplorationandFertilizerProductionhaveincommon?A.Theytakealotoftime. B.Theymakeinfluenceonthefood.C.Theyneedgovernmentcooperation. D.Theycostabigsumofmoneytomaintain.2.Whichaspecthasacloseconnectionwithbiology?A.ANewEraforSpaceExploration. B.AMilestoneinAIPredictions.C.GreenerFertilizerProduction. D.Supercomputers—Exascale.3.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Anexampaper. C.Amagazine. D.Asciencefiction.【答案】1.B2.B3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章简要介绍了四项2023年的重大科学突破。1题详解】细节理解题。根据ANewEraforSpaceExploration中“Thisneweraofspaceexplorationwilldrivetechnologicaladvancementsinfieldsbeyondastronauticsandstimulateprogressinreal-worldapplicationslikematerials,foodscience,andmodernindustry.(这个太空探索的新时代将推动航天以外领域的技术进步，并刺激其在现实世界应用方面的进步，如材料、食品科学和现代工业)”和GreenerFertilizerProduction中“Everyyear,billionsofpeopledependonfertilizersfortheongoingproductionoffood,andreducingthecarbonfootprintandexpensesinfertilizerproductionwouldreshapetheimpactagriculturehasonemissions.(每年，数十亿人依靠化肥生产粮食，减少碳足迹和化肥生产费用将重塑农业对排放的影响)”可知，两者的共同之处在于都影响着食物，前者的进步可以推动食品科学的进步，后者是粮食生产的重要基础。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据AMilestoneinAIPredictions中“InJuly2023,DeepMindrevealedthatthefolded3Dstructureofaproteinmolecule(分子),whichreducedthenumberofhumanproteinswithunknownstructuraldatafrom4,800tojust29.WhiletherewillalwaysbechallengeswithAI,theabilitytopredictproteinstructuresinbiologyhasimplicationsacrossalllifesciences.(2023年7月，DeepMind揭示了一个蛋白质分子的折叠3D结构，将具有未知结构数据的人类蛋白质数量从4800个减少到29个。虽然人工智能总会面临挑战，但预测生物学中蛋白质结构的能力对所有生命科学都有影响)”可知，AI预测方面的突破增进了人类对蛋白质结构的认识，与生物学紧密相关。故选B项。【3题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Tostayaheadofemergingtrends,newdiscoveriesanduniqueperspectives,weinviteyoutosubscribetoCASInsights!(为了保持领先于新兴趋势、新发现和独特视角，我们邀请您订阅CASInsights)”可知，文章简要介绍了四项2023年的重大科学突破，并在文末邀请读者订阅CASInsights。由此可知，文章应该出自一本杂志。故选C项。BOncearichandcleverboyhadpracticallyeverythingaboycouldwant,sohewasnotinterestedinmosttoys.Becausehecouldn’tgetaveryoldmirror,heconvincedhisparentstobuyitfromamysteriousoldman.Whenthemirrorarrivedhome,theboywenttoseehisreflectioninit.Hisfacelookedverysadindeed.Hetriedsmilingandmakingfunnyfaces,buthisreflectioncontinuedwithitssadexpression.“Whataterriblemirror!It’sthefirsttimeI’veseenamirrorthatdidn’tworkproperly!”theboyjumpedviolently.Thatsameafternoonhewentintothestreettoplayandboughtafewtoys,butonhiswaytotheparkhesawalittlegirlwhowascryingherheartout.Thegirlwascryingsomuchandlookedsolonelythattherichboywentovertohelpherandtoseewhathadhappened.Thelittlegirltoldhimthatshehadlostherparents.Togetherthetwosetoffinsearchofthegirl’sparents.Asthelittlegirlwouldn’tstopcrying,theboyspenthismoneybuyinghersweetstocheerherup.Finally,aftermuchwalking,theyfoundherparentswhoweremuchworriedandwerelookingforhereverywhere.Therichboysaidgoodbyetothem.Asitwasgettinglate,hedecidedtoheadforhome,withoutbeingabletoplay.Athome,hewenttohisroom,andnoticedashininglightinthecorner,thesamecornerhehadleftthemirrorin.Seeingthis,hewentovertothemirror,andrealizedthatthelightwascomingfromhisownbody,soradiant(闪亮的)withhappinesshehadbecome.Andsoheunderstoodthemysteryofthatmirror,theonlymirrorwhichcouldfaithfullyreflectthetruejoyofitsowner.Herealizeditwastrue.Hefeltveryhappyathavinghelpedthatlittlegirl.Andsincethen,eachmorningwhenhelookedinthatmirrorandfailedtoseeaspecialshine,heknewwhathehadtodotobringitback.4.Howdidtheboyfeelwhenhefirstlookedintothemirror?A.Embarrassed.B.Angry.C.Worried.D.Satisfied.5.Whywasthelittlegirlcryingsohard?A.Shecouldn’tfindherparents.B.Shecouldn’tgetthemysteriousmirror.C.Herparentscouldn’tbuytoysforher.D.Theboyrefusedtogivehistoystoher.6.Whatcouldtheboyseeinthemirrorafterhewentbackfromthepark?AAshiningtoy.B.Abrokenmirror.C.Aradiantlight.D.Thelovelygirl.7.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Totellusahorriblestory.B.Tointroducetousastrangemirror.C.Towarnusnottobeselfish.D.Toencourageustohelpothers.【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。一个富有且聪明的男孩得到了一面神秘的镜子，他照镜子的时候发现自己很悲伤，但当他帮助了一位小女孩后，他发现镜中的自己散发出了快乐的亮光。他明白了这面镜子能够映射出主人的真正快乐，也知道自己应该怎么做了。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Hetriedsmilingandmakingfunnyfaces,buthisreflectioncontinuedwithitssadexpression.‘Whataterriblemirror!It’sthefirsttimeI’veseenamirrorthatdidn’tworkproperly!’theboyjumpedviolently.(他试着微笑，做鬼脸，但他的倒影仍然带着悲伤的表情。‘多么糟糕的镜子！这是我第一次看到不能正常用的镜子！’男孩猛地跳了起来。)”可知，男孩第一次照镜子时镜子总是显示他悲伤的样子，他认为镜子坏了，所以会感到非常生气。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thelittlegirltoldhimthatshehadlostherparents.(小女孩告诉他她找不到自己的父母了。)”可知，因为这个小女孩找不到自己的父母，所以痛哭。故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Athome,hewenttohisroom,andnoticedashininglightinthecorner,thesamecornerhehadleftthemirrorin.(在家里，他走到自己的房间，注意到角落里有一道亮光，就在他放镜子的那个角落里。)”可知，男孩从公园回到家后，他在镜子里看到了一道亮光。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后一段中的“Hefeltveryhappyathavinghelpedthatlittlegirl.Andsincethen,eachmorningwhenhelookedinthatmirrorandfailedtoseeaspecialshine,heknewwhathehadtodotobringitback.(帮助了那个小女孩，他感到非常高兴。从那以后，每天早上他照镜子并看不到特别的光芒时，他就知道该怎么做才能把它带回来。)”可知，本文主要讲述了一位富有且聪明的男孩得到了一面神秘的镜子，他照镜子的时候发现自己很悲伤，但当他帮助了一位小女孩后，他发现镜中的自己散发出了快乐的亮光，原来这面镜子能够映射出主人的真正快乐，他明白了自己要去帮助他人。由此可推测出，这个故事的目的是鼓励我们去帮助他人，找到真正的快乐。故选D。CAsaresultoftrade,travelandmigration,differentcuisineshavespreadacrosstheworld.Manyrecipes,chefsandrestaurantstrytoannouncethattheirfoodofacountryorregionisthemostauthentic(正宗的).Butisthisagoodthing?Peoplecareaboutauthenticitybecausefoodtraditionsarecloselylinkedtoidentity,particularlyformigrantcommunities.Sociologistandprofessoroffoodstudies,KrishnenduRay,explainsthathomecookingisoftenthelastwaythatcommunitiescanshowtheiridentity.BritishcelebritychefJamieOliverwasaccusedoftryingtotakeadvantageofpositivefeelingsaboutJamaica.HisreadymealproducthadaJamaicanname,butwasunlikerealJamaicancooking.However,foodconsultantSaraKayaskswhetherthereareproblemswiththeideaofauthenticity.Shestressesthattheseideasoftencomefromtheexpectationsthatmajoritycultureshaveaboutminorityculturesandtheirfood.Thesecanberestricting—restauranteurshavecomplainedthatpeopleexpectAsianfoodtobecheaperthanthatfromEuropeancultures.Expectationscanalsogivepeopleafalseideaofwhatisauthentic.Whilelargecitiesarefullofeateriesrepresentingdifferentcountries—China,India,Italy,Mexicoandmore—theselabelscanoversimplifytherealityoffoodfromthesecountries.StephanieElizondoGreistissurprisedbytherecognitionthatfoodsinMexicoaremoreauthenticthanwhatsheategrowingupasaMexican-AmericaninTexas,becauseshefeelsthatbothareauthenticexamplesofMexicanfood.AmorecontroversialviewofauthenticitywasstatedbyAmericanChefAndrewZimmern,whoclaimedthathecouldbringinChinesedishesinamoreauthenticwaythanexistingrestaurants—manyofwhichareownedbyChinese-Americans.WriterandfoodpodcasterRuthTampointsoutthatwhiletheserestaurantsalteredtheirmenustosuitlocaltastes,sodoesZimmern.So,whilefoodandidentityarecloselylinked,andfailuretorespectauthenticitycancauseoffence,couldtherebeproblemswiththewholeideaofauthenticity?8.Whichofthefollowingfactorscausespeopletocareaboutauthenticity?A.Position. B.Decoration. C.Taste. D.Price.9.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?A.Eateriesindifferentcountriescontributetotheauthenticproblem.B.Expectationaboutauthenticitymaycauseproblems.C.AsianfoodischeaperthanEuropeanfood.D.YoucanenjoythetraditionaltasteofMexicanfoodbothinMexicoandAmerica.10.WhichstatementmightStephanieElizondoGreistagreewith?A.Therecanbeonlyoneauthentictasteinacountry.B.WhatsheeatsinTexasmeansnothingtoher.C.Theregionalspecialitiesshouldbethesameinacountry.D.Everypersoncanhavehisorherownrecognitionofauthenticity.11.Inwhichcolumnofthenewspapercanweprobablyreadthepassage?A.Food&Culture B.Science&TechnologyC.Sports&Health D.Literature&Art【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了人们在谈论食物时强调正宗的现象。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Manyrecipes,chefsandrestaurantstrytoannouncethattheirfoodofacountryorregionisthemostauthentic(正宗的).(许多食谱、厨师和餐馆都试图宣布他们所在国家或地区的食物是最正宗的。)”并结合常识可知，厨师或餐厅通常通过宣扬自己食物的味道来表明自己是正宗的。由此推知，食物的味道使人们关心食物的正宗。故选C。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Shestressesthattheseideasoftencomefromtheexpectationsthatmajoritycultureshaveaboutminorityculturesandtheirfood.(她强调，这些想法往往来自于多数文化对少数文化及其食物的期望。)”和“Expectationscanalsogivepeopleafalseideaofwhatisauthentic.(期望也会让人们对什么是真实的产生错误的想法。)”可知，本段主要讲述了对正宗的期望可能会产生问题。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“StephanieElizondoGreistissurprisedbytherecognitionthatfoodsinMexicoaremoreauthenticthanwhatsheategrowingupasaMexican-AmericaninTexas,becauseshefeelsthatbothareauthenticexamplesofMexicanfood.(StephanieElizondoGreist对墨西哥的食物比她在得克萨斯州长大时吃的食物更正宗这种认识感到惊讶，因为她觉得这两种食物都是墨西哥食物的正宗例子。)”可推测出，她认为每个人都有自己对正宗的认识。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段“Asaresultoftrade,travelandmigration,differentcuisineshavespreadacrosstheworld.Manyrecipes,chefsandrestaurantstrytoannouncethattheirfoodofacountryorregionisthemostauthentic(正宗的).Butisthisagoodthing?(由于贸易、旅行和移民，不同的美食已经传播到世界各地。许多食谱、厨师和餐馆都试图宣布他们所在国家或地区的食物是最正宗的。但这是件好事吗？)”引出了话题“人们强调食物正宗的现象”，这与食物和文化有关，因此最有可能出现在报纸的“食物与文化”模块。故选A。DWhenMilletwasaboyheworkedonhisneedyfather’sfarm.Attheresthourinthefieldstheotherworkerswouldalltakenaps,butyoungMilletwouldspendtimedrawing.Finally,thevillagewherehelivedgavehimalittlemoneytoParistostudyart.WhenMilletreachedParis,hehadatoughtime.Fortunately,whenhewasalmoststarving,someoneboughtoneofhispeasantpaintings,whichenabledhisfamilytoleaveforBarbizon.Millet’spicturesofpeasantsatworkwerepaintedinauniqueway.Thepainterwouldgooutonthefarmsandwatchthemcarefully—digging,hoeing,spreadingmanure,sawingwood,orsowinggrain.Thenhewouldcomehomeandpaintwhathehadseen.Soastonishinglyaccuratewashismemorythathecouldpaintathomewithoutmodelsandgetallthemovementsofhisfiguresright.Whenhedidneedafiguretogoby,hewouldaskhiswifetoposeforhim.Oneofhisnotedartworksiscalled“TheSower”,whichshowsamanseeding.Hereachesintohisbagforseedandthenswingsbackwardtoscattertheseed,andwitheachswingofhishandthesowerstridesforward.InMillet’spicturethesowerhasbeenworkinghard,buthisswingingstepandarmstillmovesmoothly,likeamachine.Onlytheman’sheadrevealshisgreattiredness.Anothermasterpieceiscalled“TheGleaners”.Agleanerissomeonepickinguptheleftoverinthefieldafterthewheatharvest.WhenfarmersnearBarbizonareextremelybadly-off,eventhelittlethegleanerscanfindisahelp.YoucanseefromMillet’spicturewhatback-breakingworkgleaningmustbe.12.WhatdoweknowaboutMillet?A.Hiswifesupportedhimtobeapainter. B.Hewaskeenonpaintingasakid.C.HespenthiswholelifeinBarbizon. D.HewasbroughtupinParis.13.Howdidhepaintthelaboringfarmers?A.Askingmodelsforhelp. B.Imaginingfiguresinthefield.C.Rememberingwhathehadobserved D.Recallingthedaysonhisfather’sfarm.14.WhatdoMillet’sworksconvey?A.Thefarmers’hardships. B.Thesceneoffarming.C.Hisloveforthevillage. D.Hisanxietyaboutthefarmers.15.Whichisthetextmostlikelytobetakenfrom?A.Ashort-storycollection B.ApersonaldiaryC.Amagazineofart D.Asciencemagazine【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Millet从小就喜欢画画，他的画作主要描绘了农民劳动时的场景。他通过记住他所观察到的来描绘劳动的农民，且Millet的作品传达了农民的艰辛。文章最后介绍了他的两幅作品。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“WhenMilletwasaboyheworkedonhisneedyfather’sfarm.Attheresthourinthefieldstheotherworkerswouldalltakenaps,butyoungMilletwouldspendtimedrawing.(当米勒还是个孩子的时候，他就在贫穷的父亲的农场里干活。在地里休息的时候，其他的工人都会小睡一会儿，但小米勒会花时间画画)”可知，Millet从小就喜欢画画。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thepainterwouldgooutonthefarmsandwatchthemcarefully—digging,hoeing,spreadingmanure,sawingwood,orsowinggrain.Thenhewouldcomehomeandpaintwhathehadseen.(画家会到农场去，仔细地看着他们挖土、锄地、施肥、锯木头或播种。然后他回到家，把他所看到的画下来)”可知，他通过记住他所观察到的来描绘劳动的农民。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“InMillet’spicturethesowerhasbeenworkinghard,buthisswingingstepandarmstillmovesmoothly,likeamachine.Onlytheman’sheadrevealshisgreattiredness.(在米勒的画中，播种者一直在努力工作，但他摆动的步伐和手臂仍然像机器一样平稳地移动。只有这个人的头显示出他极度的疲倦)”以及最后一段中“YoucanseefromMillet’spicturewhatback-breakingworkgleaningmustbe.(从Millet的画中可以看出，拾穗是一项多么累人的工作)”可推知，Millet的作品传达了农民的艰辛。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后第二段“Oneofhisnotedartworksiscalled“TheSower”,whichshowsamanseeding.(他的著名作品之一是《播种者》，画的是一个人在播种)”以及最后一段“Anothermasterpieceiscalled“TheGleaners”.(另一部杰作叫做《拾穗者》)”且文章主要介绍了画家Millet画作特点的描述。由此推知，本文可能出自一本艺术杂志。故选C。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)DoLobsters(龙虾)FeelPain?Thetraditionalmethodforcookingalobster—boilingitalive—raisesthequestionofwhetherornotlobstersfeelpain.____16____Lobstersgobadveryquicklyaftertheydie,andeatingadeadlobsterincreasestheriskofillnessandreducesthequalityofitsflavor.However,iflobstersarecapableoffeelingpain,themethodandothers,suchasstoringthelivelobsteronice,raisemoralquestionsforchefsandlobstereatersalike.____17____Lobstershaveaperipheralsystemlikehumans,butinsteadofasinglebrain,theypossessnervecluster(神经簇).Becauseofthisdifference,someresearchersarguelobstersaretoodissimilartovertebrates(脊椎动物)tofeelpain.Nonetheless,lobstersdosatisfyallofthestandardforapainresponse.Lobstersguardtheirinjuries,learntoavoiddangeroussituations,respondtoanesthetics,andarebelievedtopossesssomelevelofconsciousness.____18____Thereisgrowingevidencethatlobstersmayfeelpain.____19____Currently,boilinglobstersaliveisillegalinSwitzerland,NewZealand,andtheItaliancityReggioEmilia.ThemosthumanetoolforcookingalobsteristheCrustaStun.Thisdeviceelectrocutesalobster,makingitunconsciousinlessthanhalfasecondorkillingitin5to10seconds.Andthen,itcanbecutapartorboiled.Unfortunately,theCrustaStunistooexpensiveformostrestaurantsandpeopletoafford.Somerestaurantsplacealobsterinaplasticbagandplaceitinthefreezerforacoupleofhours,duringwhichtimeitlosesconsciousnessanddies.____20____Butitisprobablythemosthumaneoptionforkillingalobsterbeforecookingandeatingit.AThissolutionisnotideal.B.Soitisnowbecomingillegaltoboillobstersaliveorkeepthemonice.C.Lobstersarepopularfoodinmanycountries.D.Somostscientistsbelievethatinjuringalobstercausesphysicalpain.E.Scientistsdisagreeoverwhetherornotlobstersfeelpain.F.Manyrestaurantschoosemorehumanemethodstocookit.G.Thiscookingwayisusedtoimprovehumans’diningexperience.【答案】16.G17.E18.D19.B20.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一直以来科学家们对龙虾是否会感到疼痛持不同意见，现在越来越多的证据表明，龙虾可能会感到疼痛，因此一些国家禁止将龙虾活煮或放在冰上，推荐使用更人道的水产品电击器处理龙虾，一些无力负担该工具的餐馆则尽量选择其他人道的方式进行处理。【16题详解】前文“Thetraditionalmethodforcookingalobster—boilingitalive—raisesthequestionofwhetherornotlobstersfeelpain.(传统的烹饪龙虾的方法——活煮龙虾——引发了龙虾是否会感到疼痛的问题)”引入传统活煮龙虾的话题，后文“Lobstersgobadveryquicklyaftertheydie,andeatingadeadlobsterincreasestheriskofillnessandreducesthequalityofitsflavor.(龙虾死后很快就会变质，吃死龙虾会增加患病的风险，并降低其味道的质量)”具体解释采用这种烹饪方式的原因，因此G项“Thiscookingwayisusedtoimprovehumans’diningexperience.(这种烹饪方式被用来改善人类的用餐体验)”符合语境，承上启下，其中的Thiscookingway指代前文的boilingitalive。故选G。【17题详解】空处位于段首，需引出段落内容。根据后文“Lobstershaveaperipheralsystemlikehumans,butinsteadofasinglebrain,theypossessnervecluster(神经簇).Becauseofthisdifference,someresearchersarguelobstersaretoodissimilartovertebrates(脊椎动物)tofeelpain.Nonetheless,lobstersdosatisfyallofthestandardforapainresponse.Lobstersguardtheirinjuries,learntoavoiddangeroussituations,respondtoanesthetics,andarebelievedtopossesssomelevelofconsciousness.(龙虾像人类一样有一个外围系统，但它们不是一个单一的大脑，而是神经簇。由于这种差异，一些研究人员认为龙虾与脊椎动物太不相似了，感觉不到疼痛。)”可知，本段主要介绍了对龙虾是否会感到疼痛的两种不同意见，因此E项“Scientistsdisagreeoverwhetherornotlobstersfeelpain.(科学家们对龙虾是否会感到疼痛持不同意见)”符合语境，统领后文内容，其中的feelpain和后文的feelpain是同词复现。故选E。【18题详解】空处位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Nonetheless,lobstersdosatisfyallofthestandardforapainresponse.Lobstersguardtheirinjuries,learntoavoiddangeroussituations,respondtoanesthetics,andarebelievedtopossesssomelevelofconsciousness.(尽管如此，龙虾确实满足了疼痛反应的所有标准。龙虾会保护自己的伤口，学会避开危险的情况，对麻醉剂有反应，并且被认为具有一定程度的意识)”可知，龙虾被认为是有一定程度的意识，由此可知，伤害龙虾会让它们感到疼痛，D项“Somostscientistsbelievethatinjuringalobstercausesphysicalpain.(因此，大多数科学家认为，伤害龙虾会导致身体疼痛)”和前文构成因果关系，是对前文的总结。故选D。【19题详解】根据前文“Thereisgrowingevidencethatlobstersmayfeelpain.(越来越多的证据表明，龙虾可能会感到疼痛)”以及后文“Currently,boilinglobstersaliveisillegalinSwitzerland,NewZealand,andtheItaliancityReggioEmilia.(目前，在瑞士、新西兰和意大利城市雷焦艾米利亚，煮活龙虾是非法的)”可知，前文讲述龙虾会感到疼痛，后文讲述法律问题，所以空处应是过渡句，B项“Soitisnowbecomingillegaltoboillobstersaliveorkeepthemonice.(因此，现在将龙虾活煮或冷藏是违法的)”符合文意，和前文构成因果关系，并引出下文。故选B项。【20题详解】前文“Somerestaurantsplacealobsterinaplasticbagandplaceitinthefreezerforacoupleofhours,duringwhichtimeitlosesconsciousnessanddies.(一些餐馆把龙虾放在塑料袋里，放在冰箱里几个小时，在这段时间里，龙虾失去知觉，死亡)”介绍了一些无力负担水产品电击器的餐馆处理龙虾的方法，后文“Butitisprobablythemosthumaneoptionforkillingalobsterbeforecookingandeatingit.(但在烹饪和食用龙虾之前杀死它可能是最人性化的选择)”对这种方法做出了评价，因此A项“Thissolutionisnotideal(这个解决方案并不理想)”符合语境，承接前文，和后文形成转折，“这种方法”指前文“将龙虾装入塑料袋在冰箱冻死”。故选A。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。IwasgettingmoreexcitedaswegotoffthetrainatbeautifulGrandCentralStation.AftertourattheMuseumofModernArt,we___21___RadioCityMusicHallandtheChristmastreeatRockefellerCenter.Inoneofthe___22___inthearea,IfoundatinyboxedsetofPeterRabbitbooks,perfectformy___23___.WasthereanythinglikeChristmasinNewYork?Havingexperiencedanexcitingandtiringtour,wecalleda___24___backtoGrandCentralStation.OnthewayhomeIrealizedthatmyhandbagwasgone--lostor___25___.Ihadnoidea.Allthemagicofthisspecialday___26___.Iglumly(闷闷不乐地)picturedajam-packedDepartmentofMotorVehiclesandallthephonecallsthatI’dhavetomaketogetmy___27___cardsreplacedwithnewones.AndI’dnever___28___allthosepreciousphotosofmydaughters.ThedaysslippedbywhileIgotridestocollegeand___29___goingtotheDMV(车管所)atsuchabusytimeofyear.ThenIgotanunexpected____30____,aboxwiththereturnaddressofRadioCityMusicHall.____31____,Iopeneditandshoutedinajoyful____32____.Therewasmyoldhandbag,witheverything____33____goodinside—license,cardsandphotos—andonethingthathadn’tbeenthere____34____,ahandwrittennote,saying,“Ifoundthishandbaglyingundertheseatofmytaxiby____35____.MerryChristmas!”21.A.reached B.entered C.visited D.noticed22.A.shops B.factories C.schools D.hospitals23.A.sons B.daughters C.cousins D.parents24.A.taxi B.car C.carriage D.bus25.A.covered B.hidden C.forgotten D.stolen26.A.arrived B.disappeared C.worked D.disturbed27.A.dirty B.useful C.old D.small28.A.shown B.encountered C.packed D.replaced29.A.putoff B.broughtabout C.reliedon D.cameround30.A.fax B.document C.reward D.delivery31.A.Disappointed B.Shocked C.Confused D.Frightened32.A.voice B.word C.speed D.moment33.A.gradually B.completely C.frequently D.originally34.A.though B.yet C.ever D.before35.A.comparison B.accident C.design D.nature【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.A25.D26.B27.C28.A29.A30.D31.C32.A33.B34.D35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者外出旅行时不小心丢失了手提包，在回家后搭乘的出租车司机将手提包寄给作者，并送上圣诞祝福的故事。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：参观完现代艺术博物馆后，我们参观了无线电城音乐厅和洛克菲勒中心的圣诞树。A.reached到达；B.entered进入；C.visited参观；D.noticed注意到。根据上文中的“AfteratourattheMuseumofModernArt”可知，作者游览完了现代艺术中心，由此可知，作者在游览“参观”。故选C项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个地区的一家商场里，我发现了一套小盒装的彼得兔书，非常适合我的女儿们。A.shops商场；B.factories工厂；C.schools学校；D.hospitals医院。根据下文中的“IfoundatinyboxedsetofPeterRabbitbooks”可知，作者发现一套适合女儿的书，由此可知，作者应该在逛“商场”时，发现的一套小盒装的彼得兔书。故选A项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个地区的一家商店里，我发现了一套小盒装的彼得兔书，非常适合我的女儿们。A.sons儿子；B.daughters女儿；C.cousins表妹，堂兄；D.parents父母。根据下文的“AndI’dnever8allthosepreciousphotosofmydaughters.”可知，作者从没有把这些照片给女儿们看，由此可知，此处应是“女儿们”符合语境。故选B项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：经历了一次既刺激又累的旅行后，我们叫了一辆出租车回到中央车站。A.taxi出租车；B.car小车；C.carriage马车；D.bus公交车。根据下文中的“Ifoundthishandbaglyingundertheseatofmytaxi”可知，在给作者的快递里写着“在出租车的座位下发现的手提包”，由此可知，作者和家人应该是叫了一辆“出租车”符合语境。故选A项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在回家的路上，我意识到我的手提包不见了——不是丢了就是被偷了。A.covered覆盖；B.hidden隐藏；C.forgotten忘记；D.stolen偷。根据上文中的“OnthewayhomeIrealizedthatmyhandbagwasgone--lostor”可知，作者意识到手提包不见了，作者的推测是有可能丢了，或者“被偷”符合语境。故选D项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个特殊一天的神奇魅力全部消失了。A.arrived到达；B.disappeared消失；C.worked工作；D.disturbed打扰，弄乱。根据上文中的“myhandbagwasgone”可知，作者的手提包不见了，以及下文中的“Iglumly(闷闷不乐地)pictured”可知，作者丢了东西，心情不好，由此可知，此处应指的是游览带来的魅力就“消失”了。故选B项。27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我闷闷不乐地想象着汽车管理局里挤满了人，我必须打很多电话才能把旧卡换成新卡。A.dirty脏的；B.useful有用的；C.old旧的；D.narrow狭窄的。根据语境以及下文中的“cardsreplacedwithnewones”可知，作者的包丢了，里面有卡，由此可知推断，此处指的是作者把丢失的“旧”卡换成新卡，需要打很多的电话。故选C项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有给他们看我女儿们的那些珍贵照片。A.shown展示；B.encountered偶遇，遇到；C.packed打包；D.replaced代替。根据语境以及下文中的“thosepreciousphotosofmydaughters.”可知，作者手提包不见了，意味着作者不能“展示”女儿们的珍贵照片。故选A项。【29题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：日子一天天过去，我乘车去上大学，每年的这个时候，我都推迟去车管所的时间。A.putoff推迟；B.broughtabout引起，导致；C.reliedon依赖；D.cameround恢复知觉，苏醒。根据下文中的“atsuchabusytimeofyear”可知，在一年中最繁忙的时候，作者会因此而“推迟”去车管所的时间。故选A项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我收到了一个意想不到的快递，一个盒子，上面写着无线电城音乐厅的回信地址。A.fax传真；B.document文件；C.reward奖励，回报；D.delivery快递。根据常识和下文中的“aboxwiththereturnaddressofRadioCityMusicHall.”可知，可知收到了一个上面有无线电城音乐厅的回信地址的盒子，由此可推测，此处指的是作者收到了一个意想不到的“快递”符合语境。故选D项。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到迷惑，打开后高兴地喊叫起来。A.Disappointed失望的；B.Shocked吃惊的；C.Confused迷惑的；D.Frightened害怕的。根据上文中的“ThenIgotanunexpected___10___,aboxwiththereturnaddressofRadioCityMusicHall.”可知，收到一个没有料想到的快递，由此可知，此处应是感到“迷惑”符合语境。故选C项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到迷惑，打开后高兴地喊叫起来。A.voice声音；B.word话语；C.speed速度；D.moment片刻。根据上文中的“Iopeneditandshouted…”可知，作者打开后喊叫起来，由此可知，此处应指的是以一种高兴的“声音”符合语境。故选A项。【33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：那是我的旧手提包，里面的东西都完好无损——驾照、证件和照片——还有一件以前没有的东西，一张手写的便条，上面写着，“我偶然发现这个手提包躺在我的出租车座位下面。A.gradually逐渐地；B.completely完全地；C.frequently频繁地；D.originally起初。根据下文中的“license,cardsandphotos”可知，包里的东西完好无损，所以此处指的是“完全地”符合语境。故选B项。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：包里还有一件以前没有的东西，一张手写的便条，上面写着，“我偶然发现在我的出租车座位上放的手提包。圣诞快乐！”。A.though尽管；B.yet然而；C.ever曾经；D.before以前。根据上文中的“andonethingthathadn’tbeenthere”可知，里面还有一个没有的东西，结合下文中的“ahandwrittennote,”可知，此处指的是这张纸条是“以前”包里没有的东西。故选D项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：包里还有一件以前没有的东西，一张手写的便条，上面写着，“我偶然发现在我的出租车座位上放的手提包。圣诞快乐！”。A.comparison比较；B.accident事故；C.design设计；D.nature自然。根据语境以及上文中的““Ifoundthishandbaglyingundertheseatofmytaxi”可知，便条上写着在出租车的座位下发现手提包的，由此可推断，此处指的是“偶然地”符合语境，byaccident意为“偶然地”。故选B项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Emojisarewidelyusedinourdailylivesandhavebecome___36___importantwayofcommunication.Thefirstemojiswerecreatedin1999byJapanesedesignerShigetakaKurita,___37___workedonamobileInternetplatform___38___(call)i-mode.Kuritaattemptedtodevelopasimplewayforpeople___39___(express)emotionsinshorttextmessages.Asemojis