2024届江西省九江市高三下学期二模英语试题（含答案解析）

九江市2024年第二次高考模拟统一考试英语本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分；满分150分，考试时间120分钟。第Ⅰ卷（选择题，满分95分）考生注意：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的准考证号、姓名填写在答题卡上。考生要认真核对答题卡上粘贴的条形码的“准考证号、姓名、考试科目”与考生本人准考证号、姓名是否一致。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束，监考员将试题卷、答题卡一并收回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatwilltheweatherbelikelaterthatafternoon?A.Sunny.B.Rainy.C.Cloudy.2.Wheredidtheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atthelibrary.B.Atthehospital.C.Atthemuseum.3.Whattimeisitnow?A.18:25.B.18:45.C.19:15.4.Howwillthemanpay?A.Incash.B.Bycreditcard.C.ByWeChatpay.5Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Shopassistantandcustomer.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whichjacketdoesthemanprefer?ATheblueone.B.Thecottonone.C.Theleatherone.7.Howmuchwillthemanpay?A.95dollars.B.100dollars.C.105dollars.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.WhatdoesthemanthinkofMr.Henry’slectures?A.Boring.B.Exciting.C.Interesting.9.WhatdoesthewomandoduringMr.Henry’slectures?A.Shefallsasleep.B.Shetakesnotes.C.Shetakesphotos.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatisthewomancallingabout?A.Inquiringabouttheprice.B.Complainingabouttheservice.C.Gettingarefundforacomputer.11.Whenwasthepaymentactuallymadebythecompany?A.OnTuesday.B.OnFriday.C.OnWednesday.12.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Getanewbankcard.B.Waituntilthepaymentismade.C.Updateherbankcardinformation.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whyisn’tthemangoingtocook?A.Heistiredofcooking.B.Heisfeelingexhausted.C.Hewantstotrydifferentfoods.14.Whatdoesthemansayhe’lldoonhisphone?A.Bookatable.B.Orderadelivery.C.Downloadanapp.15.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofIndianfood?A.Itistoospicy.B.Itisnothealthy.C.Itisabitmild.16.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman?A.Sheisinterestedinfood.B.Sheiscasualaboutfood.C.Sheistoopickyaboutfood.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhendidChenLijunbegintolearnopera?A.1992.B.2005.C.2008.18.WhatmadeherteacheradvisehertoswitchtoXiaosheng?A.Herheight.B.Hertalent.C.Herhardwork.19.Whydidshehaveasenseofcrisis?A.Shewasn’tinterestedinitatall.B.Shewasconstantlymakingmistakes.C.Shewasn’tsureabouthercompetence.20.Whatcontributedtohersuccessaccordingtothetext?A.Perseverance.B.Optimism.C.Intelligence.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATheMasterofArtsProgramintheHumanities(MAPH)attheUniversityofChicagoisdesignedtoallowyouthefreedomtoeitherfocusononeacademicdisciplineorexploreinterdisciplinary(跨学科的)intereststhatmaynotfitwellwithinatraditionalMAprogram.Thisadvantage,combinedwithourstrongsupport,canhelpyoutakethenextstepinyourprofessionalandacademiclifeinashortamountoftime—morethan90%ofourstudentsgraduatein9months.TheValueofThisMAProgramMaster’sdegrees,obtainedafterfinishingMAprograms,havebecomeincreasinglycommonforadmissiontoPhDprogramsanditisnotunusualforanMAdegreetoserveasarequirementforentryintomanyprofessionalfields.MAPHalsoallowsstudentstocompleteintensiveacademicworkandpreparesthemtocontinueintofurthergraduatestudyoracareerthatmuchfaster.AcademicSupportMAPHstudentsareprovidedwithacademicguidancefromthemomenttheyarriveoncampus.Mostoftenthissupportcomesfromthefollowingsources:·AllMAPHstudentstakearequiredfallquartercoursetaughtbytheMAPHDirector.·Studentsareplacedingroupsof10-12andworkcloselywithanassignedpost-doctoralInstructionalProfessororTeachingFellowthroughouttheyear.·Overthewinterandspringquarters,MAPHstudentsworkcloselywithafacultymemberwhohasagreedtoserveastheirthesisadvisor.·ThreeMAPHMentors,recentMAPHgraduateswhoworkasstaffmembers,areavailabletomeetwithstudentstodiscusscourseselection.1.WhatisthehighlightoftheMAPH?A.Interest. B.Expertise.C.Discipline. D.Flexibility.2.WhatisthepotentialuseofobtainingtheMAPH?A.Pursuingaprofitablecareer. B.ApplyingforaPhDprogram.C.Publishingloadsofpaperwork. D.Choosingundergraduatestudy.3.WhatkindofsupportisavailableforallMAPHstudents?A.Coursebythedirectoroftheprogram. B.GroupworkwiththeMAPHdirector.C.Adviceonthesiswritinginfallquarter. D.HelpwithcoursebooksfromMentors.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】【导语】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了芝加哥大学人文学科的艺术硕士课程（MAPH）的一些信息。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“TheMasterofArtsProgramintheHumanities(MAPH)attheUniversityofChicagoisdesignedtoallowyouthefreedomtoeitherfocusononeacademicdisciplineorexploreinterdisciplinaryintereststhatmaynotfitwellwithinatraditionalMAprogram.(芝加哥大学的人文艺术硕士课程(MAPH)旨在让你自由地专注于一门学科，或者探索传统硕士课程中可能不太适合的跨学科兴趣)”可知，MAPH课程的亮点是，它具有一定的学习灵活性。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章TheValueofThisMAProgram中关键句“Master’sdegrees,obtainedafterfinishingMAprograms,havebecomeincreasinglycommonforadmissiontoPhDprogramsanditisnotunusualforanMAdegreetoserveasarequirementforentryintomanyprofessionalfields.(完成硕士课程后获得的硕士学位在攻读博士课程中变得越来越普遍，硕士学位作为进入许多专业领域的要求并不罕见)”可知，获得MAPH的潜在用处是可以用来申请博士课程。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章AcademicSupport中关键句“AllMAPHstudentstakearequiredfallquartercoursetaughtbytheMAPHDirector.(所有MAPH学生都参加由MAPH院长教授的必修秋季课程)”可知，对于所有的MAPH学生来说，他们会接受由MAPH院长教授的课程。故选A。BWhenphotographerChrisJordanfirststeppedontoMidwayAtoll(中途岛)in2009todocument“overwhelming”levelsofoceanwaste,littledidheknowthathisstrikingimageofadeadalbatross(信天翁)chickwouldgoviralandchangetheworld’sresponsetotheplasticscrisis.Afterhearingaboutanislandcoveredinthousandsofdeadbirdswithstomachsfullofeverydayplasticitems,hewasdeterminedto“findauniquewaytophotographthesebirdsindicatingtheseverityofthisenvironmentaltragedy”.Thoughheneverexpectedhisimageswouldgoviral,hisphotossoonbeganappearinginmagazinesandnewspapersallovertheworld.“Manypeopleemailedme,expressingconcernsandwantingtogototheislandtosavethealbatrosses,buttheplasticisnotcomingfromthisisland.It’sasystemicproblem,”saysJordan.ArecentreportbyWWFprojectsthatplasticproductionisexpectedtomorethandoubleby2040,resultinginplasticwasteintheoceanfourtimesby2050.In2010,8milliontonnesofoceanplasticwastewerefromsourcesonland.Thatistheweightofsome650,000doubledeckerbuses.JoRuxton,themakerofthefilmAPlasticOcean,says,“WhatmakesJordan’sphotosresonate(共鸣)withpeopleisthattheyrecognizethingsintheirdailyuse,andit’swhenweseethingsthatweactuallyusethatmakespeoplerelate.”“EverytimeIwaswithbirdsastheyweredying,tearsjustpoured.Thegriefwasincrediblyintense.Happily,thingsareimproving—bansoneverythingfromplasticmicrobeadsintoothpastetocarrierbagshavesincecomeintoforceinvariouscountriesaroundtheworld.Butforsolutions,Ibelievetheheartofthiscrisisliesinsociety’sdisconnectionbetweenactionsandtheirimpactsontheenvironmentandthatare-connectionwithnatureandarawappreciationfortheworldaroundusiswhatreallydrivespositivechange.”saysJordan.4.WhatinitiallydrivesJordantoMidwayAtoll?A.Tosupportthebanonplasticitems. B.Torecordtheenvironmentaltragedy.C.Tocreateresonatingimagesofplasticwaste. D.Tophotographtheamazingsceneryoftheisland.5.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeChrisJordan?A.Reliableanddetermined. B.Generousandresponsible.C.Creativeandsympathetic. D.Adventurousandintelligent.6.WhatisthekeytosolvingtheenvironmentalcrisisaccordingtoJordan?A.Carryingoutstricterbansonplasticproducts.B.Strengtheningeducationonenvironmentalissues.C.Advisingusingenvironmentallyfriendlymaterials.D.Reestablishingthelinkbetweenhumansandnature.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ThePhoto:MakingthePlasticsCrisisPersonalB.TheMethod:DealingwithMarinePlasticPollutionC.TheCampaign:RestoringOurRelationwithNatureD.TheInitiative:FightingAgainsttheEnvironmentalDisaster【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了摄影师ChrisJordan因为拍摄到了一只死去的信天翁幼鸟的惊人照片，而引发了人们对此的关注。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“WhenphotographerChrisJordanfirststeppedontoMidwayAtoll(中途岛)in2009todocument“overwhelming”levelsofoceanwaste,littledidheknowthathisstrikingimageofadeadalbatross(信天翁)chickwouldgoviralandchangetheworld’sresponsetotheplasticscrisis.(2009年，当摄影师克里斯·乔丹第一次踏上中途岛环礁，记录“压倒性”的海洋垃圾水平时，他一点也不知道，他拍摄到的一只死去的信天翁幼鸟的惊人照片会在网上疯传，并改变世界对塑料危机的反应)”可知，最初是记录环境悲剧驱使乔丹来到中途岛。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Afterhearingaboutanislandcoveredinthousandsofdeadbirdswithstomachsfullofeverydayplasticitems,hewasdeterminedto“findauniquewaytophotographthesebirdsindicatingtheseverityofthisenvironmentaltragedy”.(在听说一个岛上有成千上万只死鸟，它们的胃里装满了日常塑料制品后，他决心“找到一种独特的方式来拍摄这些鸟，表明这场环境悲剧的严重性”)”以及最后一段“EverytimeIwaswithbirdsastheyweredying,tearsjustpoured.Thegriefwasincrediblyintense.(每次我和小鸟在一起，看着它们死去，眼泪就会不停地流。悲伤是难以置信的强烈)”可知，克里斯·乔丹富有创造力和同情心。故选C。6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Butforsolutions,Ibelievetheheartofthiscrisisliesinsociety’sdisconnectionbetweenactionsandtheirimpactsontheenvironmentandthatare-connectionwithnatureandarawappreciationfortheworldaroundusiswhatreallydrivespositivechange.(但就解决方案而言，我认为这场危机的核心在于社会行为与其对环境的影响之间的脱节，而与自然的重新联系以及对我们周围世界的原始欣赏才是真正推动积极变化的因素)”可知，约旦认为解决环境危机的关键是重建人与自然的联系。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Afterhearingaboutanislandcoveredinthousandsofdeadbirdswithstomachsfullofeverydayplasticitems,hewasdeterminedto“findauniquewaytophotographthesebirdsindicatingtheseverityofthisenvironmentaltragedy”.Thoughheneverexpectedhisimageswouldgoviral,hisphotossoonbeganappearinginmagazinesandnewspapersallovertheworld.(在听说一个岛上有成千上万只死鸟，它们的胃里装满了日常塑料制品后，他决心“找到一种独特的方式来拍摄这些鸟，表明这场环境悲剧的严重性”。虽然他从未想到他的照片会像病毒一样传播，但他的照片很快就出现在世界各地的杂志和报纸上)”结合文章主要说明了摄影师ChrisJordan因为拍摄到了一只死去的信天翁幼鸟的惊人照片，而引发了人们对此的关注。可知，A选项“照片：把塑料危机个人化”最符合文章标题。故选A。CWhenascentmovedgentlythroughtheairinthebedroomsofolderadultsfortwohourseverynightforjustsixmonths,theirmemoriesskyrocketed.ParticipantsinthisstudybyUCI(UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine)Centrereapeda226%increaseincognitive(认知的)capacitycomparedtothecontrolgroup.Theresearcherssaythefindingtransformsthelong-knowntiebetweensmellandmemoryintoaneasy,non-invasive(无创的)techniqueforstrengtheningmemoryandpotentiallypreventingdementia.Theteam’sstudyappearsinFrontiersinNeuroscience.ThestudywasconductedthroughtheUCICenterfortheNeurobiologyofLearning&Memory.Itinvolvedmenandwomenaged60to85withoutmemorydisorders.Theywereeachgivenadiffuser(扩散器)andsevensmallbottles,eachcontainingasingleanddifferentnaturaloil.Peopleintheenrichedgroupreceivedfull-strengthbottles.Controlgroupparticipantsweregiventheoilsintinyamounts.Participantsputadifferentbottleintotheirdiffusereacheveningpriortogoingtobed,anditremainedactivefortwohoursastheyslept.Peopleintheenrichedgroupshoweda226%increaseincognitiveperformancecomparedtothecontrolgroup,asmeasuredbyawordlisttestcommonlyusedtoevaluatememory.CTimagingrevealedbetterintegritybrainpathway.Thepathwayaffectsdecision-makingabilityandusuallybecomeslesspowerfulwithage.Participantsalsoreportedsleepingmoresoundly.Scientistshavelongknownthatthelossofolfactorycapacity,orabilitytosmell,canpredictdevelopmentofnearly70differentkindsofdiseasesincludingAlzheimer’sandotherdementias.EvidenceemergesaboutalinkbetweensmelllossduetoCOVIDandlatercognitivedecrease.Researchershavepreviouslyfoundthatexposingpeoplewithmoderatedementiatoupto40differentscentstwiceadayoveraperiodoftimeboostedtheirmemoriesandlanguageskills,alleviateddepressionandimprovedtheirolfactorycapacities.Later,theUCIteamdecidedtotrymakingthistechniqueeasierforolderadults.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“skyrocketed”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Dramaticallydeclined. B.Slightlyimproved.C.Severelyweakened. D.Significantlyincreased.9.Whatdoweknowabouttheexperimentdescribedinparagraph2?A.Allofthebottlescontaintheidenticalnaturaloil.B.Thegivenoilamountvariesfromgrouptogroup.C.Eachparticipantisdistributedeightoil-filledbottles.D.Norequirementisforparticipantsexceptageandsex.10.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toreportastudyonscentexposureboostingmemory.B.Toshowamethodtopredictdevelopmentofdiseases.C.Torevealtherelationshipbetweensmellandmemory.D.Todrawpublicattentiontomemorylossinolderadults.11.Whatwillthefollow-upparagraphmostprobablytalkabout?A.Theapproachtoenhancinglanguageskills.B.Thereasonbehindsimplifyingthetechnique.C.Thepossibilityofrelievingseveredepression.D.Thesolutiontorecoveringolfactorycapacities.【答案】8.D9.B10.A11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加州大学欧文分校神经科学家进行了一项为期六个月的研究发现，老年人的卧室里每晚持续两个小时的香味，老人的记忆激增。【8题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“ParticipantsinthisstudybyUCI(UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine)Centrereapeda226%increaseincognitive(认知的)capacitycomparedtothecontrolgroup.Theresearcherssaythefindingtransformsthelong-knowntiebetweensmellandmemoryintoaneasy,non-invasive(无创的)techniqueforstrengtheningmemoryandpotentiallypreventingdementia.Theresearcherssaythefindingtransformsthelong-knowntiebetweensmellandmemoryintoaneasy,non-invasivetechniqueforstrengtheningmemoryandpotentiallypreventingdementia.(在UCI(加州大学欧文分校)中心进行的这项研究中，参与者的认知能力比对照组提高了226%。研究人员表示，这一发现将嗅觉和记忆之间长期存在的联系转化为一种简单、无创的技术，可以增强记忆，并有可能预防痴呆症)”可知，香味可以极大地提高老年人的记忆力，因此推断画线词与D项“显著提高”意思相近。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ThestudywasconductedthroughtheUCICenterfortheNeurobiologyofLearning&Memory.Itinvolvedmenandwomenaged60to85withoutmemorydisorders.Theywereeachgivenadiffuser(扩散器)andsevensmallbottles,eachcontainingasingleanddifferentnaturaloil.Peopleintheenrichedgroupreceivedfull-strengthbottles.Controlgroupparticipantsweregiventheoilsintinyamounts.Participantsputadifferentbottleintotheirdiffusereacheveningpriortogoingtobed,anditremainedactivefortwohoursastheyslept.(该研究是通过UCI学习与记忆神经生物学中心进行的。研究对象为年龄在60至85岁之间且无记忆障碍的男性和女性。所有人都得到了七个小容器，每个容器都装有一种不同的天然油。强化组的人接受了全强度油。对照组的参与者服用了少量的精油。参与者每天晚上睡觉前把一个不同的容器放进房间，在他们睡觉的时候它会激活两个小时)”可知，给的精油量因组而异。故选B项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Theresearcherssaythefindingtransformsthelong-knowntiebetweensmellandmemoryintoaneasy,non-invasive(无创的)techniqueforstrengtheningmemoryandpotentiallypreventingdementia.Theteam’sstudyappearsinFrontiersinNeuroscience.(研究人员表示，这一发现将气味和记忆之间的长期联系转变为一种简单、非侵入性的技术，可以增强记忆，并有可能预防痴呆症。该团队的研究发表在《神经科学前沿》杂志上)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了加州大学尔湾分校神经科学家进行了一项为期六个月的研究发现，老年人的卧室里每晚持续两个小时的香味，老人的记忆激增。作者的写作目的是报告一项关于气味暴露促进记忆的研究。故选A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Researchershavepreviouslyfoundthatexposingpeoplewithmoderatedementiatoupto40differentscentstwiceadayoveraperiodoftimeboostedtheirmemoriesandlanguageskills,alleviateddepressionandimprovedtheirolfactorycapacities.Later,theUCIteamdecidedtotrymakingthistechniqueeasierforolderadults.(研究人员此前发现，中度痴呆症患者在一段时间内每天两次接触多达40种不同的气味，可以提高他们的记忆力和语言技能，减轻抑郁，提高嗅觉能力。后来，UCI团队决定尝试让老年人更容易使用这项技术)”可知，接下来团队决定尝试简化这项技术，让老年人更容易使用这项技术，提高他们的记忆力和语言技能，减轻抑郁，提高嗅觉能力。故选B项。DWhenfacinganextremelyannoyingproblem,weoftengatheragrouptobrainstorm,aimingtogetthebestideasquickly.Iloveseeingithappen—exceptforonetinywrinkle.Groupbrainstormingusuallybackfires.Inbrainstormingmeetings,manygoodideasarelost—andfewaregained.Extensiveevidenceshowsthatwhengeneratingideastogether,wefailtomaximizecollectiveintelligence.Surprisinglyenough,individualsworkingalonetendtoproducemoreandbetterideascomparedtobrainstormingingroups.Tounearththehiddenpotentialinteams,insteadofbrainstorming,ashifttoaprocesscalled“brainwriting”ismoreeffective.Initially,youaskeveryonetogenerateideasindependently.Next,youpoolthemandsharethemanonymously(匿名地)amongthegroup.Topreserveindependentjudgment,eachmemberevaluatesthemontheirown.Onlythendoestheteamcometogethertoselectandrefinethemostpromisingoptions.Bydevelopingandassessingideasindividuallybeforechoosinganddetailingthem,teamscansurfaceandadvancepossibilitiesthatmightnotgetattentionotherwise.Forinstance,duringthe2010Chileanminerescue,timepressing,therescueteamestablishedaglobalbrainwritingsystemtocrowdsourceindependentideas,avoidingtime-consumingbrainstorming.Anentrepreneurofferedatinyplastictelephonethatbecamethesolemeansofcommunicatingwiththeminerswhilea24-year-oldengineer’ssuggestionresultedinthecreationofaspecializeddrillthatultimatelysavedtheminers.ResearchbyorganizationalbehaviorscholarAnitaWoolleyandhercolleagueshelpstoexplainwhythismethodworks.Theyfindthatakeytocollectiveintelligenceisbalancedparticipation.Inbrainstormingmeetings,participationcaneasilybecomedominatedbythemostinfluentialpeople.Thebrainwritingprocessensuresthatallideasarebroughttothetableandallvoicesarebroughtintotheconversation.Thegoalisn’ttobethesmartestpersonintheroom—it’stomaketheroomsmarter.Collectiveintelligencebeginswithindividualcreativity,butitdoesn’tendthere.Individualsworkingaloneproducegreatervarietiesofnovelideas,bothbrilliantandterrible,thangroups.Ittakescollectivejudgmenttolocatethesignalwithinthenoiseandextractthebestideas.12.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes“groupbrainstorming”accordingtothispassage?A.Creative. B.Productive.C.Inefficient. D.Fundamental.13.Whyisthe2010rescuementionedinparagraph4?A.Toillustratethesignificanceofspecificequipmentintherescue.B.Toshowtheimportanceofbrainstorminginemergencysituations.C.Tohighlighttheroleofinfluentialpeopleincollectiveintelligence.D.Todemonstratetheeffectivenessofbrainwritingingeneratingideas.14.Whatismainlydiscussedinparagraph5?A.Theimportanceofcollectiveintelligence.B.Thegoalofbecomingthesmartestperson.C.Thepowerofequalinvolvementinbrainwriting.D.Theinfluenceofpowerfulindividualsindecision-making.15.Whatisthefunctionofcollectivejudgmentincollectiveintelligence?A.Identifyingthetopideas. B.Findingmoregoodsolutions.C.Replacingindividualcreativity. D.Encouraginggroupbrainstorming.【答案】12.C13.D14.C15.A【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。当遇到问题时，我们倾向于进行头脑风暴快速找到解决的方法，但是事实上，这种形式效率低，“头脑写作”在给出想法上有突出的优越性，而在集体智慧中，我们也需要集体判断才能确定顶级、最优的想法。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Groupbrainstormingusuallybackfires.(集体头脑风暴通常会适得其反)”及第二段“Inbrainstormingmeetings,manygoodideasarelost—andfewaregained.Extensiveevidenceshowsthatwhengeneratingideastogether,wefailtomaximizecollectiveintelligence.(在头脑风暴会议中，很多好主意都被忽略了，而得到的却很少。大量证据表明，当我们一起产生想法时，我们无法最大限度地发挥集体智慧)”可知，根据文章所说，小组头脑风暴经常会忽视一些好主意，因此，这种形式是低效率的。故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Tounearththehiddenpotentialinteams,insteadofbrainstorming,ashifttoaprocesscalled“brainwriting”ismoreeffective.(为了挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，与其进行头脑风暴，不如转向一种名为“头脑写作”的过程，这种方法更为有效)”及第四段“Forinstance,duringthe2010Chileanminerescue,timepressing,therescueteamestablishedaglobalbrainwritingsystemtocrowdsourceindependentideas,avoidingtime-consumingbrainstorming.Anentrepreneurofferedatinyplastictelephonethatbecamethesolemeansofcommunicatingwiththeminerswhilea24-year-oldengineer’ssuggestionresultedinthecreationofaspecializeddrillthatultimatelysavedtheminers.(例如，在2010年智利矿难救援中，由于时间紧迫，救援团队建立了一个全球头脑写作系统，将独立的想法聚集在一起，避免了耗时的头脑风暴。一位企业家提供了一个微型塑料电话，这成为与矿工沟通的唯一手段，而一位24岁的工程师的建议促成了一种专门的钻头的发明，最终拯救了矿工)”可知，第四段描述援救旷工的过程反映出头脑写作“brainwriting”在产生想法方面的有效性。故选D。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“ResearchbyorganizationalbehaviorscholarAnitaWoolleyandhercolleagueshelpstoexplainwhythismethodworks.Theyfindthatakeytocollectiveintelligenceisbalancedparticipation.(组织行为学学者安妮塔·伍利及其同事的研究有助于解释这种方法为何有效。他们发现，集体智慧的关键在于均衡的参与)”及“Thebrainwritingprocessensuresthatallideasarebroughttothetableandallvoicesarebroughtintotheconversation.(脑力写作的过程确保了所有的想法都被提上了台面，所有的声音都被带入了对话)”可知，本段描述了为什么脑力写作对比头脑风暴会效率更高，表明了所有人的想法都能平等参与头脑写作时力量是巨大的。故选C。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Individualsworkingaloneproducegreatervarietiesofnovelideas,bothbrilliantandterrible,thangroups.Ittakescollectivejudgmenttolocatethesignalwithinthenoiseandextractthebestideas.(单独工作的个人比集体工作产生更多种类的新想法，有出色的，也有糟糕的。这需要集体判断才能在噪音中找到信号并提取出最好的想法)”可知，在集体智慧中，需要集体判断才能确定顶级、最优的想法。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyouidentifyasapeople-pleaser,youmightfeellikeit’simpossibletochange.Well-meaningfriendscantrytoencourageyoutojustbeyourself,butnomatterhowhardyoutry,youcan’tshakethaturgetokeepeveryonehappy.____16____Tellpeople-pleasingfrombeingpolite____17____Tobeabletotellthedifference,youshouldlookattheamountoftensionyoufeel.Forexample,whenyouseeafriendfinishhiswaterandyourefillhiscup,thatcancomeoutofnormalsensitivitytootherpeople’sneedsifyoufeelrelaxedwhenyoudoit.Butifyounoticeasenseofpressure,likesomethingbadwillhappenifyoudon’trefilltheirdrink,thenyou’reoperatingfromanxietyandfear.____18____Lotsoftimes,peoplewhotrytopleaseotherpeopleareextremelyquicktoreactinsocialsettings.Theyknowwhattosayrightawayandtheymoveintocaretakingimmediately.____19____Onesubtlebutpowerfultechniquetochangeyourhabitistodeliberatelydelayyourreactions,connectwithyourselfandthentrytohavetheinteractionoutofanauthenticpartofyourself.BereadyforrelationshipstochangeorendAsyouslowlystarttobecomeawareofyourneedsandevenstatethemoutloud,itcanbringinsomeessentialchangesinyourrelationships.Youmightrealizethatasyoumature,somefriendshipsarenotasrewardingorevenasequalasyouwouldlikethemtobe.____20____Ifyouhaveanemotionallyimmaturefriend,it’suptoyoutodecideifyouwanttoleavethefriendshiporusethatrelationshipasanopportunityformutualgrowth,iftheotherpersonalsoseemsinterestedinchanging.A.So,it’stimetoendtherelationship.B.Changeyourhabitsandpleaseyourself.C.Slowdownandcheckinwithyourselfbeforereacting.D.Thiscouldbebecause,sincechildhood,theyhavedevelopedthishabit.E.However,thatdoesn’tmeanyoualwayshavetocutpeopleoutofyourlife.F.Therefore,here’showtoslowlystoppeople-pleasingandstartbeingyourself.G.Generalpolitebehaviortoonepersoncanbepeople-pleasingtosomeoneelse.【答案】16.F17.G18.C19.D20.E【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了停止取悦别人的一些方法。【16题详解】前文“Well-meaningfriendscantrytoencourageyoutojustbeyourself,butnomatterhowhardyoutry,youcan’tshakethaturgetokeepeveryonehappy.(善意的朋友会鼓励你做自己，但无论你多么努力，你都无法摆脱让每个人都开心的冲动)”表示取悦别人的想法是无法克制的，下文给出了几种改变这种习惯的办法，F选项“因此，以下是如何慢慢停止取悦别人，开始做自己的方法”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。【17题详解】后文“Tobeabletotellthedifference,youshouldlookattheamountoftensionyoufeel.Forexample,whenyouseeafriendfinishhiswaterandyourefillhiscup,thatcancomeoutofnormalsensitivitytootherpeople’sneedsifyoufeelrelaxedwhenyoudoit.Butifyounoticeasenseofpressure,likesomethingbadwillhappenifyoudon’trefilltheirdrink,thenyou’reoperatingfromanxietyandfear.(为了能够分辨出来，你应该看看你感受到的紧张程度。例如，当你看到一个朋友喝完他的水，你给他续杯，如果你在做这件事的时候感到放松，这可能是出于对他人需求的正常敏感。但如果你注意到一种压力感，比如如果你不给他们续杯就会发生不好的事情，那么你就是在焦虑和恐惧中行事)”举例说明从一件事的情感上感知这件事到底是正常敏感还是压力感，结合标题“将取悦别人和礼貌分辨开来”可知，G选项“对一个人的一般礼貌行为可能是取悦别人”表示对别人好有可能是取悦别人，下文讲到要正确区分，语境一致。故选G。【18题详解】空处为小标题，后文“Lotsoftimes,peoplewhotrytopleaseotherpeopleareextremelyquicktoreactinsocialsettings.Theyknowwhattosayrightawayandtheymoveintocaretakingimmediately.(很多时候，试图取悦他人的人在社交场合反应非常快。他们马上就知道该说什么，并立即进入小心照看的状态)”表明取悦别人者在社交场合的迅速反应，结合下文“Onesubtlebutpowerfultechniquetochangeyourhabitistodeliberatelydelayyourreactions(改变习惯的一个微妙而有力的技巧是故意推迟你的反应)”可知，本段表示应延迟自己的反应，C选项“慢下来，在做出反应之前检查一下自己”符合本段主旨。故选C。【19题详解】前文“Lotsoftimes,peoplewhotrytopleaseotherpeopleareextremelyquicktoreactinsocialsettings.Theyknowwhattosayrightawayandtheymoveintocaretakingimmediately.(很多时候，试图取悦他人的人在社交场合反应非常快。他们马上就知道该说什么，并立即进入小心照看的状态)”表明取悦别人者在社交场合的迅速反应，D选项“这可能是因为，他们从小就养成了这种习惯”表明这种习惯的由来，they指代前文的people。故选D。【20题详解】前文“Asyouslowlystarttobecomeawareofyourneedsandevenstatethemoutloud,itcanbringinsomeessentialchangesinyourrelationships.Youmightrealizethatasyoumature,somefriendshipsarenotasrewardingorevenasequalasyouwouldlikethemtobe.(当你慢慢开始意识到你的需求，甚至大声说出它们时，它会给你的关系带来一些重要的变化。你可能会意识到，随着你的成熟，有些友谊并不像你希望的那样有回报，甚至不像你希望的那样平等)”可知，随着自己的成熟，有些关系可能不能让自己满意，后文“Ifyouhaveanemotionallyimmaturefriend,it’suptoyoutodecideifyouwanttoleavethefriendshiporusethatrelationshipasanopportunityformutualgrowth,iftheotherpersonalsoseemsinterestedinchanging.(如果你有一个感情不成熟的朋友，如果对方似乎也有兴趣改变，那就由你来决定是要离开这段友谊，还是把这段关系作为共同成长的机会)”表示自己可以选择是否停止或者继续友谊；由此可知，不如意的关系其实不需要马上结束，可以再进行斟酌；E选项“然而，这并不意味着你总是要把别人从你的生活中剔除”引出下文不需要停止友谊的情况，符合语境。故选E。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。RogerBannister,borninHarrow,London,earlyshowedatalentforrunning.Universityeducationwasbeyondthe____21____ofhisworking-classparents,buthewas____22____tosecureaplaceatoneofEngland’stopuniversitiesandpursueacareerin____23____.Luckily,owingtohisacademicefforts,BannisterwasawardedascholarshipbyOxfordUniversity,wherehisexceptionalspeedonthetracksoonearnedhimtheattentionand____24____fromthesportsmedia.Surprisingly,he____25____toc