江苏省无锡市普通高中2020-2021学年高一英语上学期期终教学质量抽测试题（含解析）

江苏省无锡市普通高中20202021学年高一英语上学期期终教学质量抽测试题（含解析）注意事项及说明：1.考试前请将密封线内的项目填写清楚。2.试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题），共150分，考试时间120分钟。3.答案一律写在答题纸／卡上。考试结束时，上交答题纸／卡。第一卷（共100分）第一部分听力测试（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸／卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow?A.Sunny.B.Rainy.C.Cloudy.2.WhyisthemanleavingforAfrica?A.Hewantstolearnmedicinethere.B.Hehasgotanewjobthere.C.Hewantstomakemoremoney.3.Whatisthelegalspeedlimit?A.65milesperhour.B.75milesperhour.C.90milesperhour.4.Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?A.Seethemanoff.B.Catchthetrain.C.Goshopping.5.Whatdoesthemanreallymean?A.Hewillgotothecinema.B.Hewillworkwiththewoman.C.Hewillprepareforhisphysicsexam.第二节（共15小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?A.Ataparty.B.Onthestreet.C.Onthephone.7.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthewomanandTom?A.Neighbors.B.Classmates.C.Colleagues.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.HowlongdoesthemanspendontheInterneteachday?A.Sevenhours.B.Oneandahalfhours.C.Twoorthreehours.9WhatdoesthemanusuallydoontheInternet?A.Dosomeshopping.B.Searchforinformation.C.Chatwithfriends.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatisthewomandoing?A.SheisintroducingMountEverest.BSheisplayingajokeontheman.C.SheiswalkingonthetopofEverest.I1.Wherewasthephototaken?A.Inaphotobooth.B.OnMountEverest.C.Athome.12.WhowalkedupMountEverestduringtheholiday?A.Theman.B.Thewoman.C.None.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13Whatisthewoman'sproblem?A.Shehasn'tpreparedforherpresentation.B.Sheoftengetsnervouswhenspeakinginpublic.C.Shehasgotapoorgradeinherpresentation.14Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodowhenspeakinginpublic?A.Talkaboutpsychology.B.Forgetaboutpeople.C.Thinkaboutalearnedbehavior.15.Whatdoesthemansayaboutchildren?ATheybeenervousmoreeasilythanwomendo.B.Theyareunfortableperforminginfrontofadults.C.Theybeenervouslessfrequentlythanadultsdo.16.Whatisthewomangoingtodonext?A.Visittheman'sfriend.B.Giveanotherpresentation.C.Goforhernextclass.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatcanweknowaboutthehealthcentre?A.Itwillopennextmonth.BIt'snearthedowntown.C.Thereisnocarpark18Whencanpeopletakeswimmingcourses?A.Everyday.B.EverydayexceptSundays.C.Weekdaysonly.19WhatcourtswillthelocalschooluseinJuneandJulyinthecentre?A.Tenniscourts.B.Footballcourts.C.Basketballcourts.20Howlonginadvanceshouldpeoplebookthetenniscourts?A.1weekB.2weeks.C.4weeks.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节阅读理解（共15小题：每小题分，满分分）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸／卡上将该项涂黑。ABeijingwillprovideCOVID19vaccinations(接种疫苗）forcertaingroupsinnursinghomes,includingtheelderlyandcaregivers,onavoluntarybasistopreventarenewedoutbreakatnursinghomesduringautumnandwinter,thelocalgovernmentsaid.Thosewhowillreceivethevaccinesincludenursinghomekitchenworkers,securityguardsandcleaners.BeijingDailyreportedonFriday.XingYinli,directorofJingkangyuan,anursinghomeinFengtaidistrictwithabout290elderlyresidents(居民），saidtheyhavereceivedthedocument(文件）recentlyandwillstrictlyfollowitsguidance.It’sourtopdutytostrengthenpreventionandcontrol.,"Xingsaid,addingtheyhavebeenusingmethodssuchaskeepingdetailedrecordsofresidentcontactsoutsidethenursinghome,andencouragingonlinevisitsforfamilymembers..Astovaccinations,shesaidtheywillaskforpermissionfromresidents,theirfamilymembersandworkersbeforegivingvaccines.InlateOctober,Shaoxing,ZhejiangprovincecarriedoutanemergencyCOVTD19vaccineprogram,allowingthepublictoaskforinjections(注射）inadvance,withkeygroupsfirst.AsimilarprogramwasalsoorganizedinJiaxing,NingboandYiwuinZhejiang.Nationwide,emergencyuseofhomegrownCOVID19vaccineswasapprovedinJuneandlaunchedinlateJuly.Chinanowhasfourcoronaviruscandidatevaccinesinthethirdstageclinicaltrials(临床试验）.ThedocumentfromBeijingalsosaidnursinghomesshouldconductnucleicacidtesting(核酸检测）everymonthamongkitchenworkersandresidentswholeavethenursinghomestoseeadoctor.Testswillcoverallpeopleinnursinghomesconsideredathighriskifnewinfectionsarereportedinthecity.Besides,routinedisinfections(消毒）shouldbestrengthenedinkitchens,storeroomsandrestrooms,itsaid.Thedocumentalsoremendednoncontactvisitsfromfamilymembers.1.Wherecanyouprobablyfindthisarticle?A.Inanewspaper. B.Inafashionmagazine.C.Inabookreview. D.Inatraveljournal.2.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphs4and5?A.Thenursinghomekeptdetailedrecordsofresidents,B.Allthememberswillmakepreparationsforinjections.C.Thenursinghometakespreventionandcontrolseriously.D.Jiaxingisthefirstcitytohavecarriedoutanemergencyprogram.3.Howcanweunderstandtheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph7?A.Chinaisprovidingvaccinationsnationwide.B.Chinahasmadegreatprogressincoronavirusvaccines.C.Chainhastakentheleadincoronavirusvaccinesworldwide.D.Thefourcandidatevaccineshavefinishedclinicaltrails4.What'sthemainideaofthispassage?A.Nursinghomesshouldconductnucleicacidtesting.B.Beijingnursinghomesaretobeprovidedvaccines.C.CertaingroupswillhavevaccinesfirstinlateJune.D.Routinedisinfectionsshouldbestrengthenedinkitchens.5.What'stheXingYinli'sattitudetowardsvaccinations?A.Supportive. B.Curious.C.Doubtful. D.Dissatisfied【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.B5.A【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章围绕北京市政府为养老机构中的老年人和护理人员等特定人群接种新冠肺炎疫苗，以防止秋冬期间养老机构再次爆发疫情而展开报道。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“BeijingwillprovideCOVID19vaccinations(接种疫苗）forcertaingroupsinnursinghomes,includingtheelderlyandcaregivers,onavoluntarybasistopreventarenewedoutbreakatnursinghomesduringautumnandwinter,thelocalgovernmentsaid.（北京市政府表示，将在自愿的基础上，为养老机构中的老年人和护理人员等特定人群接种新冠肺炎疫苗，以防止秋冬期间养老机构再次爆发疫情。）”可知，首段是导语，接下来文章内容都是围绕其展开，因此文章显然是一篇新闻报道，那只能出现在报纸上，而不是时尚杂志、书评、游记。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“It’sourtopdutytostrengthenpreventionandcontrol.（加强防控是我们的首要任务。）”和第五段“Astovaccinations,shesaidtheywillaskforpermissionfromresidents,theirfamilymembersandworkersbeforegivingvaccines.（至于接种疫苗，她说，他们在接种疫苗前将向居民、他们的家人和工作人员申请许可。）”可知，养老院重视预防和控制。故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据“Nationwide,emergencyuseofhomegrownCOVID19vaccineswasapprovedinJuneandlaunchedinlateJuly.Chinanowhasfourcoronaviruscandidatevaccinesinthethirdstageclinicaltrials.”可知在全国范围内，6月批准紧急使用国产COVID19疫苗，7月下旬开始使用。中国目前有四种冠状病毒候选疫苗正在进行第三阶段临床试验。由此判断出，中国在冠状病毒疫苗方面取得了很大进展。故选B项。【4题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“BeijingwillprovideCOVID19vaccinations(接种疫苗）forcertaingroupsinnursinghomes,includingtheelderlyandcaregivers,onavoluntarybasistopreventarenewedoutbreakatnursinghomesduringautumnandwinter,thelocalgovernmentsaid.（北京市政府表示，将在自愿的基础上，为养老机构中的老年人和护理人员等特定人群接种新冠肺炎疫苗，以防止秋冬期间养老机构再次爆发疫情。）”和全文来看，这篇文章主要围绕北京市政府为养老机构中的老年人和护理人员等特定人群接种新冠肺炎疫苗展开报道。故选B项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据名字定位到三四五段，第三段的“XingYinli,directorofJingkangyuan,anursinghomeinFengtaidistrictwithabout290elderlyresidents（居民），saidtheyhavereceivedthedocument（文件）recentlyandwillstrictlyfollowitsguidance.”景康园养老院位于丰台区，约有290名老年居民。该养老院的主任邢银利表示，他们最近已经收到了该文件，并将严格遵守其指导。由此判断出，邢银利对接种育苗是支持的。故选A项。BIfapresident,aphilosopher,and,andoneofthebestsellingauthorsofalltimepraisedthesamesecretfortheirsuccess,wouldyoutrytofollowittoo?Infact,youprobablydoiteveryday.Here'swhatFriedrichNietzschewrote:“Itisonlyideasgainedfromwalkingthathaveanyworth."ThomasJefferson:“Walkingisthebestpossibleexercise.Adaptyourselftowalkingveryfar."Itotallyagreethatthishabitisn'tahabitbutanecessaryfactorofcreativeprocess.Areyoustillsittingtherereadingthis?Getwalking!Themovementaspectofwalkingisobviouskey.You'veprobablyheardthephraseexerciseyourcreativity,whichreferstothebrainasmuscle.Ourcreativemindset(思维模式）istriggered(触发）byphysicalmovement,whichisexactlywhywalkingwithyourdog,afriend,oralonehelpscreativethinking.Researchershavediscoveredalotofconnectionsbetweenwalkingandproducingideas.AStanfordUniversitystudyfoundthatparticipants(参与者），were81%morecreativewhenwalkingasopposedtositting.Besides,thesceneryisalmostasimportantasthesweat.Walkingcanbeacatalystforgainingfreshunderstandingofproblems.Justbygoingoutside,youaresteppingoutofyourfamiliarsurroundingsandyourfortzone,whichisnecessaryifyourwanttoopenyourmindtonewpossibilities.Youcanwalkthroughatreefilledneighborhood.Youcanwalkthroughaparkandobservepeoplehangingaroundorbirdssinging.Evenwhenyouwalkdownabusystreet,youcan'thelpbutnoticethesweetsmellsflowingfromafoodcartorthechildpointingtoabuildingyouhadn'tevenpaidattentiontobefore.Finally,ourbrainsworkhardertoprocessindifferentenvironments,sowalkingoutsidestrengthenourabilitytocollectnewideas,totakeinnewsights,soundsandsmells."Forestbathing",isamonformofrelaxationandmedicineinJapan.RecentstudiesshowthatbeingintheforestTowersyourstresslevels.Theeffectsaresopowerfulthat"Forestbathing"isnowagovernmentprovedpolicyinJapan.,Butyoudon'thavetolivenearaaforesttoreceivethepsychological(心理的）benefits.Researchhasshownthatimmersion(沉浸）innature,andthedisconnectionfrommultimediaandtechnologyincreaseperformanceonacreativeproblemsolvingtaskbyafull50%.Soinsteadofsettingafitnessgoal,whynotsetacreativitygoalthatstartswithwalking,Engagemorecloselywithyoursurroundings.Turnoffyourphoneandgiveyourselfthechancetohearconversationsandnaturalsounds,tonoticethewaypeoplemove,thewaythesunreflectsinapuddle.Walknotjustforexercise.Walkforwonder.6.WhydoestheauthormentionwhatthetwofamousmensaidinParagraph1?A.Toprovidebasicinformation.B.Toshowtheauthor'sattitude.C.Tointroducethetopic.DTopresentsomereasons.7.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword"catalyst"inParagraph4?A.Promoter. B.Cure. C.Hope. D.Must.8.Whatcanwelearnabout“Forestbathing”inJapanfromthepassage?A.Takingabathintheforestisrelaxingandmedicallybeneficial.B.Walkinginthewoodsisaneffectivewaytogetlighthearted.C.TheJapanesegovernmentencourageseveryonetolivenearaforest.D.Keepingawayfrommultimediaandtechnologycangreatlyimproveyourcreativity.9.Whatdoestheauthoradvisedoing?A.Settingafitnessgoal.B.Solvingproblemscreatively.C.Walkingforcreativity.D.Exploringnewpossibilities.10.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Benefitsofwalkinginnature.B.Secrettosuccessoffamousmen.C.Waysofbuildingupyourcreativity.D.Keystosteppingoutofthefortzone.【答案】6.C7.A8.B9.C10.A【解析】本文为说明文。短文主要介绍了在大自然散步的好处。【6题详解】推理判断题。第一段中“Here'swhatFriedrichNietzschewrote:“Itisonlyideasgainedfromwalkingthathaveanyworth."ThomasJefferson:“Walkingisthebestpossibleexercise.Adaptyourselftowalkingveryfar."Itotallyagreethatthishabitisn'tahabitbutanecessaryfactorofcreativeprocess（弗里德里希·尼采写道：“只有从散步中获得的想法才有价值。”托马斯·杰斐逊：“散步是最好的锻炼。我完全同意这种习惯不是一种习惯，而是创造过程中的一个必要因素。）”作者引用两位名人的话且接下来叙述了散步的好处，显然目的是引入本文的话题，故选C。【7题详解】猜测词义题。定位到划线句“Walkingcanbeacatalystforgainingfreshunderstandingofproblems.”中词“catalyst"的主语是walking，划线词是个名词用来形容walking，后面跟的是对于新问题的认识。本句后面“Justbygoingoutside,youaresteppingoutofyourfamiliarsurroundingsandyourfortzone,…observepeoplehangingaroundorbirdssinging.Evenwhenyouwalkdownabusystreet,youcan'thelpbutnoticethesweetsmellsflowingfromafoodcartorthechildpointingtoabuildingyouhadn'tevenpaidattentiontobefore.(只要到外面去，你就走出了你熟悉的环境和你的舒适区，…观察周围的人或鸟儿唱歌。即使你走在一条繁忙的街道上，你也会情不自禁地注意到食物车里飘来的甜味，或者孩子指着一栋你以前根本没注意过的建筑)”可知，后面的内容就是你散步带来的好处。由此可推断出“Walkingcanbeacatalystforgainingfreshunderstandingofproblems”，是指“散步对于你获得对新问题的新认识是推动剂，一个催化剂”。分析选项：A.Promoter促进剂，催化剂；B.Cure治愈，对策；C.Hope希望；D.Must绝对必要的事。分析选项可知，promoter符合语境。故选A。【8题详解】细节理解题。第五段"Forestbathing",isamonformofrelaxationandmedicineinJapan.RecentstudiesshowthatbeingintheforestTowersyourstresslevels.Theeffectsaresopowerfulthat"Forestbathing"isnowagovernmentprovedpolicyinJapan.,（“森林浴”是一种常见的放松方式，也是一种药物。最近研究表明在森林里你的压力水平。这种影响是如此强大，以至于“森林浴”如今已成为日本政府的一项政策，…）。可知，在日本，“森林浴”是一种常见的放松方式，也是非常有效的方法。可以缓解精神压力且被政府认可。故选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。第一段最后一句“Itotallyagreethatthishabitisn'tahabitbutanecessaryfactorofcreativeprocess.（我完全同意这种散步习惯不是一种习惯，而是创造过程中的一个必要因素。）”。第三段中“Themovementaspectofwalkingisobviouskey.You'veprobablyheardthephraseexerciseyourcreativity,whichreferstothebrainasmuscle.Ourcreativemindset(思维模式）istriggeredbyphysicalmovement,whichisexactlywhywalkingwithyourdog,afriend,oralonehelpscreativethinking（散步的动作方面显然很关键。你可能听过“锻炼你的创造力”这句话，它指的是大脑肌肉。我们的创造性思维是由身体运动触发的，这正是为什么和你的狗，一个朋友一起散步，或者独自一人有助于创造思考。）”最后一段“Soinsteadofsettingafitnessgoal,whynotsetacreativitygoalthatstartswithwalking（因此，与其设定一个健身目标，不如设定一个创意目标，从走路开始）”。综合以上内容可推断，作者反复强调walk，且将其和创造相关联，也就是作者倡导散步去思考去创造。故选C。【10题详解】主旨大意题。本文第一段是主旨。第一段中Here'swhatFriedrichNietzschewrote:“Itisonlyideasgainedfromwalkingthathaveanyworth."ThomasJefferson:“Walkingisthebestpossibleexercise.Adaptyourselftowalkingveryfar."Itotallyagreethatthishabitisn'tahabitbutanecessaryfactorofcreativeprocess（弗里德里希·尼采写道：“只有从散步中获得的想法才有价值。”托马斯·杰斐逊：“散步是最好的锻炼。我完全同意这种习惯不是一种习惯，而是创造过程中的一个必要因素。）。作者引用两位名人的话后，下文主要围绕在大自然中散步的好处，散步除了健身之外的另一大好处，即会培养创造力。由此可推断出本文主要叙述了在大自然散步的好处。故选A。CSinceitwasfirstpublishedin1843,thenovella(短篇故事）AChristmasCarolbyCharlesDickenshasbeenlovedbymillionsofpeople,andperhapshasinspiredthemtolovemoreandgivemore.Ithasbeenadaptedfortheatre,televisionandfilm.DickensisknownasthebestauthoroftheVictoriantimeswritingonsocialissuesaffectinghistimes,suchaspoverty,childlabourandurbandevelopment,especiallyinLondonwherehelived.CharlesDickenswasnostrangerstopoverty.Hisfatherhadbeenthrowninprisonfordebtin1824,andhehadbeenremovedfromschoolandputtoworkasthesecondoldestchildofeightchildren.Only12yearsoldandnolongerabletoattendschool,hespenthistimeputtinglabelsonpotsofblackpolish.①Howlonelyandworthlesshefeltthere!Allhishopesanddreamsofmakingsomethingofhislifewereended.Itseemednotanadultintheworldcaredforhishopesorhisabilities,notevenhisownparents.Hewondered"howhecouldbesoeasilythrownawayatsuchayoungage"②Dickens'fatherwassetfreefromprisonafterayear,andDickenswasputbackintoschoolforthreeyearsuntilhehadtoleaveagaintoworkasanofficeboy.Eventually,hestartedwritingstoriesforthepapers.Withmoneyinginandthenchildren,Charleshadtakenamortgage(抵押贷款）onabighouse.Hisnextnovelwasnotaswellreceivedandhisfuturepaymentswerecut.Charlesneededtomakemoneyandheneededtomakeitfast.Criticism(批评）ofhisnewnovelhurthisconfidence;itisnoteasytowritewhenyouaredownandstruggling.Heneedednewideasandinspiration,buthewasrunningoutoftime.③Ashewalkedthestreetsafterdark,throughwhathecalledthe“blackstreets”ofLondon,heagainsawthepoor,whohadlittlefoodorwarmthinthecoldweather,andthecloseduphouses,likethedoorsoftheheartsofmanywhodonotwanttoloveandgive.④HehappenedtofindtheideaofaChristmasstorythatcouldshowthisandwarmtheheartsofthepoorandopentheheartsoftheselfish.Heneededtowritefastandthatisprobablywhyweonlyhaveanovella,butanovellawasenoughtosharehisstory.Hefilledthestorywithcharacterandsceneswhichhehadalreadywrittenaboutinhisotherstories,Scrooge,themaincharacter,isaselfishselfcentredmanwhohatesChristmasthetineofgiving.Hislatebusinesspartner,alsoagreedyman,esbackfromthedeadasaghosttowarnScrooge.YouwillneedtoreadthestoryyourselftoseehowScroogefinallychangeshisways.TheplantorescuehimselffinanciallyalsorescuedDickensemotionally.AshewroteaboutChristmasandthewonderfultimeofgiftgiving,familygathering,carolsingingandfeastsharing,hisownheartwascheeredandherememberedthosethingsthatreallymatteredtohimHelovedwritingthebookandproducedaspecialstory,whichisstilllovedaroundtheworld.NewinspirationandfreshconfidencesetDickensonanewpathtosuccess.11.WhatdifficultieswasDickensfacedwithwhenwritingAChristmasCarol?A.Lackoftimeandeducation.B.Lackofloveandconfidence.C.LackofpatienceandideasDLackofinspirationandconfidence.12.Whereshouldthesentence“Itwastheloneliesttimeofhislife.”beputinthepassage？A.① B.② C.③ D.④13.WhatcanbeinferredaboutAChristmasCarolfromthepassage?A.Dickensgothisinspirationbyvisitinghepoorpeopleonthe"blackstreet".B.Itisimpossibleforthereaderstoknowthecharactersbeforereadingthebook.C.Scroogebeesagenerousandkindmanintheend.D.Thebookisonlymeanttocriticizetheselfishnessoftherich.14.WhyisAChristmasCarolsuchanimportantworkaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Itisverypopularamongreaders.B.ItservesasaturningpointinDickens'writingcareer.C.IthelpedDickensearnagreatdealofmoney.D.Itsthemeisaboutawonderfultimefullofloveandgiving.15.Whatisthepurposeofthisarticle?A.ToshowthegreatnessofCharlesDickens.B.ToremendsomegreatworksofCharlesDickens.C.TopresenthowpoorDickens'lifewas.D.TointroducethebookAChristmasCarol.【答案】11.D12.B13.C14.B15.D【解析】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了中篇小说《圣诞颂歌》的作者查尔斯·狄更斯及其写作背景。【11题详解】细节理解题。由文章第五段“Hisnextnovelwasnotaswellreceivedandhisfuturepaymentswerecut.…Criticism(批评）ofhisnewnovelhurthisconfidence;itisnoteasytowritewhenyouaredownandstruggling.Heneedednewideasandinspiration,…（他的下一部小说的收视率不高，他未来的报酬也被削减了。…对他的新小说的批评伤害了他的自信心；当你情绪低落和挣扎的时候，写作是不容易的。他需要新的想法和灵感，…）”可知，由于他的下一部小说没有那么受欢迎，他还受到了批判，这损害了他的自信，并且心情低落，导致他没有什么新的想法和灵感，这些都阻碍了他创作这部小说。由此可知D项符合题意，故选D。【12题详解】推理判断题。题干中的“Itwastheloneliesttimeofhislife.”意思是“那是他这一生最孤独的时刻”，通读文章“Howlonelyandworthlesshefeltthere!Allhishopesanddreamsofmakingsomethingofhislifewereended.Itseemednotanadultintheworldcaredforhishopesorhisabilities,notevenhisownparents.Hewondered"howhecouldbesoeasilythrownawayatsuchayoungage"”可知，他在那里感到多么孤独和无用啊!他所有想要有所作为的希望和梦想都破灭了。这世上似乎没有一个成年人关心他的希望和能力，甚至他的父母也不关心。他不明白“他怎么这么小就被抛弃了”正好对应文章②处前面，该段即是描述狄更斯不能上学后，进行枯燥的工作时他感受到的孤独，lonely对应loneliest，该段首尾呼应，本句应放在B处，故选B。【13题详解】推断判断题。由文章倒数第二段“Scrooge,themaincharacter,isaselfishselfcentredmanwhohatesChristmasthetineofgiving.Hislatebusinesspartner,alsoagreedyman,esbackfromthedeadasaghosttowarnScrooge.YouwillneedtoreadthestoryyourselftoseehowScroogefinallychangeshisways.主人公斯克鲁奇是一个自私、自我为中心的人，他讨厌圣诞节——赠送礼物的时刻。他已故的商业伙伴，也是一个贪婪的人，死后作为一个幽灵回来警告斯克鲁奇。你需要自己去读这个故事，看看斯克鲁奇最终是如何改变自己的方式的。）”可知，《圣诞颂歌》这本书讲述的是Scrooge，一个极度自私的人是如何改变自己的。再结合该段前面“HehappenedtofindtheideaofaChristmasstorythatcouldshowthisandwarmtheheartsofthepoorandopentheheartsoftheselfish…（他碰巧发现了一个《圣诞》故事的想法，可以显示这一点，温暖穷人的心，打开自私的心扉…）”可推断出，这本书主旨大意是“温暖穷人的心，打开自私者的心扉”，可以推断出Scrooge最终成为了一个慷慨善良的人。故选C。【14题详解】推断判断题。由文章最后一段“TheplantorescuehimselffinanciallyalsorescuedDickensemotionally.AshewroteaboutChristmasandthewonderfultimeofgiftgiving,familygathering,carolsingingandfeastsharing,hisownheartwascheeredandherememberedthosethingsthatreallymatteredtohim...NewinspirationandfreshconfidencesetDickensonanewpathtosuccess.（在经济上自救的计划也在情感上拯救了狄更斯。当他描写圣诞节以及赠送礼物、家庭聚会、唱颂歌和分享盛宴的美好时光时，他的心受到了鼓舞，他想起了那些对他真正重要的事情。……新的灵感和新的信心使狄更斯走上了一条通往成功的新道路。）”可知，《圣诞颂歌》这本书在许多方面拯救了狄更斯，他被这本书鼓舞，开创了一个新的创作之路，并且使他走向成功)”，由此推断，这本书重要的原因在于它是狄更斯创作生涯的一个转折点。故选B.【15题详解】推理判断题。由全文来看，文章重点描写了狄更斯创作《圣诞颂歌》的背景，这本书的内容、主旨和意义，《圣诞颂歌》这本书从始至终贯穿全文，所以作者的目地是为介绍这本书，故选D。第二节七选五（共5小题：每小题分，满分分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Sometimesweturntoothersforadviceonmajorcareerdecisions.Buttheymaydirectusinthewrongdirection.Whydoessomuchcareeradviceendupbeingmisguided?Theproblemmaystartwithwhoweturntoforadvice.___16___Ihavewatchedmanystudentsrelyontheirparentsandgrandparentsforguidance,forgettingthattheywereraisedinanagewhenitwasmontospendanentirecareerinoneorganization.___17___It’suncertainthattheywillknowwhat’srightforus.Advisorsoftenfocustooheavilyontheirpersonalpreferencesandexperiencesratherthantakeourperspective(视角).Atsomepoint,youhaveprobablynoticedthatyouarewiserwhengivingadvicetoothersthanyouareinmakingdecisionsforyourself.Youarenotalone.___18___Thelessonhereisthatoneofthemosteffectivewaystogetbetteradviceistogiveit.Sureenoughresearchersfindthatourreasoningbeeswiserwhenwethinkaboutourproblemsfromathirdpersonprospective.Advisingothershelpsusmakebetterdecisions.Anditalsoleavesusmoremotivated(有动力的)tofollowthrough.Inoneexperiment,itwasexpectedthatpeopleweremoremotivatedwhenreceivingthangivingadvice.___19___Itwaspeoplewhogaveadvicewhobeemoremotivated.Ifyouwanttogetbettercareeradvice,youcanstartbyreflectingonwhatyouwouldtellsomeoneelsewithasimilarquestion.Listentotheadviceyougivetoothers.It’susuallytheadviceyouneedtotakeyourself.___20___A.Itoftenhappensbecausewehavemoredistancefromotherpeople’sproblemsthanourown.B.Buttheoppositewastrue.C.However,sometimeswemakedecisionsdependingonourselves.D.Weoftenlistentothewrongsources.E.Anditmightbethebestwaytomotivateyourself,too.F.Butitwaseasiersaidthandone.G.Whataboutgoingtopeoplewhoarequalifiedtogiveadvice?【答案】16.D17.G18.A19.B20.E【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在重大职业决定上向他人寻求建议可能会把我们引向错误的方向并分析了原因，指出获得更好的职业建议的方法是倾听你给别人的建议。【16题详解】根据上文“Whydoessomuchcareeradviceendupbeingmisguided?Theproblemmaystartwithwhoweturntoforadvice.

(为什么这么多的职业建议最终都被误导了呢?问题可能从我们向谁征求意见开始。)”，可知该空前面提到职业建议误导的原因，问题可能始于我们向谁寻求建议，这也许就是错误的来源，谁与后文的grandparentsandparents都是sources的具体所指。因此选项D“我们经常听错误的来源。”符合题意。故选D。【17题详解】根据下文“Advisorsoftenfocustooheavilyontheirpersonalpreferencesandexperiencesratherthantakeourperspective(视角).(咨询顾问们往往过于关注他们的个人喜好和经历，而不是我们的观点。)”，该空是该段的起始句，空白处后面的意思是他们不知道什么对我们来说是正确的，建议者过于关注他们的琐事和经验，而不是从我们的角度考虑，可以推测空白处是询问向专业的职业选择建议者咨询怎么样，与上文向我们的亲人寻求建议形成对照。因此选项G“去找那些有资格提供建议的人怎么样?”符合题意。故选G。【18题详解】根据上文“Atsomepoint,youhaveprobablynoticedthatyouarewiserwhengivingadvicetoothersthanyouareinmakingdecisionsforyourself.Youarenotalone.

(在某种程度上，你可能已经注意到，给别人建议比自己做决定更明智。并不只是你。)”，空白处的前面写到你在给别人提建议时比自己做决定更重要，Youarenotalone对应A项的Itoftenhappens，对别人的问题比自己的问题有更远的距离对应前面的话。因此选项A“它经常发生，因为我们与别人的问题的距离比我们自己的问题的距离要远。”符合题意。故选A。【19题详解】根据上文“

Inoneexperiment,itwasexpectedthatpeopleweremoremotivatedwhenreceivingthangivingadvice.(在一项实验中，人们在收到建议时比给予建议时更有动力。)”和下文“

Itwaspeoplewhogaveadvicewhobeemoremotivated.(提出建议的人会变得更有动力。)”，空白处前后形成一个对比，前面是人们当在收到建议比给予建议更有动力，后面是给予建议的人更有动力，前后对比，对应B项的转折词But和theopposite。因此选项B“但事实正好相反。”符合题意。故选B。【20题详解】根据上文“Listentotheadviceyougivetoothers.It’susuallytheadviceyouneedtotakeyourself.(倾听你给别人的建议。这通常是你自己需要接受的建议。)”，空白处是该段的最后一句，对前文进行总结或者进一步阐述，前文意思是如果想得到更好的更大胆的建议，思考用类似的问题询问别人，倾听你给别人的建议，这通常是你要采纳的建议，and对比进一步阐述，结合上一段，这也许也是激励自己的最好方法。因此选项E“这也可能是激励你自己的最好方法。”符合题意。故选E。第三部分语言知识运用（共四节，满分55分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸／卡上将该项涂黑。Howmuchtherapy(治疗）doesapersonneed?ThefirstdayIjoinedWayneStateMedicalSchool,theprincipal___21___me,saying,there'saseniorstudentwholosthis___22___inanaccident.Beforetheaccident,hewasoutgoing,___23___friendly.Withthefittingofhisartificialleg（假肢），hebecamelonely,___24___allofhisfriends.Pleasedon'tsaytheword'leg'inhispresence.”Isaid,"Okay,I'll___25___.”Asanewteacher,Iwasnotinahurry.Iwaiteduntilthestudents___26___me.It___27___threeweeks.ThenIselectedthreestudentsJerry,TomandJoe.Itoldthem,"I'mgoingtoplayajoke.Tomorrow,Jerry,yougotothefourth___28___holdingtheelevatorupthere.Tom,youstandattheheadofthestairwellandlookdownatthegroundfloor.AndJoe,youstayonthegroundfloor___29___theelevatorbuttonandplainingthatthecleaneriskeepingtheelevatorup____30____shecouldgethermops(拖把）down.Thenextmorningeverybodywasthereat7:30,____31____fortheelevator.Iacted____32____toseethemall.Wetalkedabouttheweather.ThenIsaid,“Whydon'tyoupresstheelevatorbutton,Joe?"Joesaid,"Thatstupid____33____iskeepingituponthefourthfloor."Stillfurtherchatting,Ibeganto____34____Joetopushtheelevatorbutton.Atfivetoeight,thelightwaslituponthesecondbegantofloor.I____35____thestudentwithanartificialleginonecorner,saying,"Letuscripples(跋子）walkupstairsand____36____theablebodiedtowaitfortheelevator.”Sowestartedclimbingupstairs,TomssawusandwavedatJerry.Jerry____37____theelevator,andtherestoftheclasscameuponit.Atheendofthehourthatstudentgothissocial____38____again.I,whowasalsoacripple,____39____himoutofthestatus(身份）ofacripple.Thatgavehima(n)____40____status.21.A.respected B.encouraged C.telephoned D.taught22.A.sense B.way C.wealth D.leg23.A.sometimes B.always C.never D.seldom24.A.helped B.hated C.lost D.forgot25.A.takeup B.takecare C.takeoff D.takeback26.A.keptawayfrom B.brokeawayfrom C.paidattentionto D.gotcloseto27.A.saved B.wasted C.took D.required28.A.floor B.class C.station D.building29.A.turning B.pressing C.repairing D.protecting30.A.while B.if C.though D.so