虚拟语气总复习精品完整ppt课件

1、,The subjunctive mood 虚拟语气,语气,英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。,虚拟语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式， 一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(常用在条件状语从句中或让步状语从句中)； 一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (常用在名词性从句中)。 简而言之，即：不是事实或不大可能发生的事情，就用虚拟语气来表述,虚拟语气的概念,虚拟语气的常考形式：,If 引导的条件句,a. if真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。,b.

2、 if虚拟条件句 表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。,if真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况很有可能发生,其中if是“如果”的意思,if条件从句 一般现在时,主句 will shall+动词原形 情态动词 + 动词原形,What will you do if it rains tomorrow?,I will sleep at home if it rains tomorrow.,if虚拟条件句 表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。,if 引导的虚拟条件句,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,与将来事实可能相反,精选,If Yao Jiaxin had driven

3、more carefully, he would not have caused the car accident in May,2009.,与过去事实相反,精选,If he had got up earlier , he could have caught the train.,与过去事实相反,精选,If I had a great deal of money, I would buy a villa (别墅) for my parents.,与现在事实相反,精选,If I met Obama some day, I would shake hands with him. If I were

4、 to meet Obama some day, If I should meet Obama some day, ,与将来事实相反,1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形,If+主语+ 动词的过去式 （be动词一般用were),主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形,即：If+一般过去时态 （be动词一般用were),If+主语+had +动词的过去分词,即：If+过去完成时态,主语 + would ( should / might / could )have done,主语+w

5、ould ( should / might / could )动词原形,精选,1.John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told,【答案】D 【解析】主从句都是对过去发生事实的一种意愿表达，从句采用have done的结构，故选D。,精选,2.If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A.

6、 take B. had taken C. took D. have taken,【答案】B 【解析】主句的谓语动词形式might have arrived可知题干是与过去事实相反选B。,精选,3.If he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow,【答案】C,精选,4.-The weather has been very hot and dry. -Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things

7、 would be much better now! And my vegetables _. A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died,【答案】 D 【解析】表示与过去事实相反的假设，故主句用would/could/might/should+have done，即D项正确。,精选,注意以下问题：,1. 错综时间虚拟条件句 2. (if省略) 倒装虚拟条件句 3. 含蓄条件句,精选,通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的,但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动

8、词形式。虚拟条件句和主句动作如发生的时间不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式，这种句子叫做错综时间条件句。,3、错综时间虚拟句（混合虚拟条件句),精选,1）从句与过去相反，主句与现在相反 If it had rained last night, it would be very cool today. 2) 从句与现在相反，主句与过去相反 If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the film last night. 3)从句与现在相反，主句与将来相反 If you hesitated this moment, you mi

9、ght suffer in future. 4)从句与过去相反，主句与将来相反 If they had left home in the early morning, they would arrive in half an hour,精选,1).如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。 If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now. 2).如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了 If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party 3)

10、.假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新 房，很可能现在还住在危房里。 If you hadnt lent me some money, I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.,精选,If he _ his legs yesterday, he _ with us now. A. hadnt hurt ; would go B. hadnt hurt; would have gone C. didnt hurt; would go

11、 D. didnt hurt; would have gone,精选,2. 在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句中有were, had（助动词）或should时，可使用倒装结构，但if必须省略。若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had等缩略成werent，shouldnt，hadnt置于句首。,精选,1). Had I seen him then, I would have been very happy. = If I had seen him then, I would have been very happy. 2). Should I have ti

12、me, I would go with you. = If I should have time, I would go with you. 3). Were I not so busy, I would go with you. = If I were not so busy, I would go with you.,精选,补充例句： 要不是 (固定句式) If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work yesterday. = Had it not been for , If it were not

13、for lacking money, I would go travelling right now. = Were it not for lacking money, ,与过去事实相反,与现在事实相反,精选,这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以but 、but for、without、or、otherwise等引导的句子代替if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。 But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 要是没有你的建议,我就不会那么成功地完成它。,4、含蓄条件句,精选,虚拟条件不直言，

14、都在上下文中联； 要不是没有就缺乏，要不然否则就假设，,but for要不是, without没有, in the absence of, 缺乏时， or else否则，不然的话 otherwise 否则 suppose 假设 providing如果，假设,含蓄条件句,but for要不是, without没有,精选,(1) I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.（副词）,(2) He telephoned to tell me of your birthday, or / other

15、wise I would have known nothing about it.（连词）,直陈语气,虚拟语气,直陈语气,虚拟语气,精选,(3) I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.（连词）,直陈语气,虚拟语气,精选,(5) 用介词短语代替条件状语从句常用的介词有with, without, but for 等。如： What would you do with a million dollars? We could not have finished the work ahead of time without your

16、help. But for the rain, we would have finished the work.,=If you had a million dollars, what would you do?,=If we hadnt got your help / If you hadnt helped us, ,=If it hadnt been for the rain, ,虚拟语气,虚拟语气,虚拟语气,精选,Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you. A. can man

17、age B. could have managed C. could managed D. can have managed,精选,1. If my father _ here now, he _ tell me what to do. were; would was; will had been; would is; will,Exercise,A,精选,2. If he _my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow,Exercise,C,

18、精选,3. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will,Exercise,tomorrow,B,精选,4. If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955，the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious. A. wouldnt be B. will

19、 not have been C. wouldnt have been D. would have not been,Exercise,now,in 1955,A,精选,5. They _ two free tickets to Canada，otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go. had got B. got C. have got D. get,Exercise,B,otherwise,精选,6. Why didnt you buy the flat? I_，but I didnt have the money. woul

20、d have B. bought C. would like to D. had bought,Exercise,A,but,精选,should do ! should do ! should do !,二. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气,二. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气,用在表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中。常见的动词有： suggest, propose, recommend, demand, request, require, command, order, insist, desire, urge等。 一个坚持：insist(坚决要求) 两个命令：order, command 三个建议：s

21、uggest, advise, propose 四个要求：demand, require ,request, desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，should可省略。,宾语从句,我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚持要我与他同行。 他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。 老师要求作业要及时完成。,We suggested _ .,He insisted _ .,They requested (that) Tom _ .,(that) Tom have a rest,(that) I (should ) go with him,(shoul

22、d) be sent to work there,The teacher asked (that) our homework _ .,(should) be finished in time,精选,2. 这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用should do It is suggested that we (should) practise reading English everyday. The suggestion given by our teacher is that we (should) practise reading English everyday. The teacher gi

23、ve us a suggestion that we (should) practise reading English everyday.,精选,It is ordered / commanded / suggested / advised / requested / required / demanded that (should) do The / ones insistence / order / command / suggestion / advice / proposal / recommendation / request / requirement / demand / de

24、sire is / was that (should) do a / the suggestion / request (等) that (should) do ,精选,例 Teachers recommend parents _their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. Anot allow Bdo not allow Cmustnt allow Dcouldnt allow 解析：考查虚拟语气。recommend后的宾语从句谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”，因此A项正确。 答案：A,精选,在“It is

25、 / was + 某些形容词/过去分词+ that从句”句型中,that从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气,即“(should+)动词原形”,表示惊奇、遗憾、怀疑、不满等。这些形容词有:important, necessary, essential, natural, strange, advisable, desirable, possible, probable,astonishing, surprising; 过去分词有:desired, suggested, requested, recommended, ordered, proposed, decided等。,3、主语从句中的虚拟语气,I

26、t 做主后有形， 奇怪重要自然行,精选,It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.有人建议会议应推迟到下周。 It is strange that he (should) have acted towards his parents like that.他那样对待自己的父母很奇怪。 Its necessary that we should have a walk now.我们有必要出去散散步。 Its important that we should take good care of the pat

27、ient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。,精选,3. wish 的宾语从句,wish 的宾语从句,与现在事实相反: 一般过去时( be 用were ) 与过去事实相反: 过去完成时 与将来事实相反: would/could /might+V.原,I wish I _ (be) as tall as Yao Ming.,were,I wish/wished I _ (have not) eaten so much watermelon.,hadnt,He wishes he _ ( become ) a scientist some day.,could / would become,精选,三.

28、虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式:,would rather (that),宁愿，但愿,sb did ,与现在或将来情况相反,sb had done ,与过去情况相反,I would rather you returned me my money now.,I would rather we hadnt told her the bad news.,I would rather you came tomorrow.,2. as if / as though,思考： as if / as though 后面的句子是主句还是从句？,He behaves as if he_(own) the house.

29、,owned,1). 从句的动作与主句动作同时发生 (可以理解成与现在事实相反),He behaves as if he _ (be) the owner of the house.,were,She talked about Rome as though she _ (be) there herself.,had been,2). 从句的动作发生在主句动作之前 (可以理解成与过去事实相反),He coughed (咳嗽) twice as if someone would come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。,3). 从句的动作发生在主句动作之后 (可以理解成与将来事实相反),精选,在l

30、ook, seem等系动词后的“as if / though”引导的从句,当表示真实情况时,用陈述语气;否则就用虚拟语气。,It seems as if it were already spring. 好像已经是春天了。(虚拟语气),It seems as if they know each other. 他们好像彼此认识。(真实情况),精选,She loves the baby as if it _her own son. It seems as if it _spring. I remember the whole thing as if it _yesterday. They talke

31、d as if they _friends for years. He looks as if he _drunk.,were,were,had happened,had been,were,3. It is (high / about ) time (that) “是时候. (做某事)” 注意: should不能省略,sb did,sb should do,是时候采取措施来保护环境了。 It is ( high / about ) time that we took / should take measures to protect the environment. 你该走了。 Its (h

32、igh / about) time that you went / should go.,精选,例 Its high time the government _measures to help the graduates. Atakes Btook Cwill take Dhas taken 解析：考查虚拟语气。句式It be (about/high) time接从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去式。 答案：B,精选,4、 If only 引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊) If only I were a flying bird! 要是我是一只飞鸟多好！ Look at the tro

33、uble I am in. If only I had followed your advice! 看看现在我的困境，要是我接受你的建议就好了 If only I knew the answer! If only I had seen the film yesterday!,与现在事实相反: 一般过去时( be 用were ) 与过去事实相反: 过去完成时,If only,精选,例 Why do you look so upset? I broke up with my girlfriend. If only I_more about her. Acare Bcared Chad cared

34、Dhad been cared 解析：考查虚拟语气。if only表示“要是就好了”，后面的句子要用虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用had done的形式。 答案：C,精选,5、 in case, for fear that, lest等引导的状语从句中的虚拟语气,在in case, for fear that, lest等引导的目的状语从句中,谓语动词用“should +动词原形”的形式,也可用动词的一般现在式或一般过去式。 He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged. 他小心地

35、拿着仪器,生怕把它摔碎了。,四. 情态动词表示虚拟,would have done 本想/打算做某事却没做 should/ought to have done 本应该做某事却没做 shouldnt/oughtnt to have done 本不该做某事却做了 could have done 本能够做某事却没做 would rather have done 宁愿过去做了某事却没做 had better have done 最好过去做了某事却没做 neednt have done 本不必做某事却做了,must have done might have done cant/ couldnt have

36、 done,过去肯定发生了 过去可能发生了 过去不可能发生,1. insist, suggest 2. as if / though 3. if,五. 可用可不用虚拟语气的情况,精选,insist / suggest 各有两种意思，用不同的语气 insist : “坚决/持要求”用虚拟语气,即 should do; insist : “坚持认为, 坚持说”用陈述语气 suggest : “建议”用虚拟语气，即should do; suggest : “表明、暗示”用陈述语气,1. The teacher suggested that we _ (practise) more after cla

37、ss. 2. Her pale face suggests that she _ (be) ill today. 3. He insisted that all of us _ (get) there on time by any means. 4. He insisted that he _ (not steal) the diamond, and that he should be set free. 他坚持说他没偷钻石，应该立刻被释放。,(should) practise,is,(should) get,hadnt stolen,精选,as if / as though When a p

38、encil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. The dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.,精选,虚拟语气,If 型 Should +v型 类似if型,。 。 。,混杂条件句(各自为准) Were, had ,should提前，省略if,1. 一个坚持，两个命令， 三个建议，四个要求。,2. It is（necessary，strange）+that,wish/as if Would rather/ if only I

39、t is (high) time that But for/otherwise/ without/in that case,1.过去式 2.过去完成 3.could、would、might +v,1.过去式 2.过去完成,Should（不省） +v/ 过去式,1.Would,could,should,might+v,2.would,could,should,might +have done,insist suggest,精选,1.判断是否虚拟,2. 判断虚拟类型,3. 判断虚拟时间,Pass!,虚拟语气应试对策,Exercise,精选,A,精选,C,精选,C,精选,4.Had I known

40、about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy . Awould have been saved Bhad been saved Cwill be saved Dwas saved,【答案】 A 【解析】 原形是：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .故选择A。,精选,5.John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have g

41、one with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told,【答案】D 【解析】主从句都是对过去发生事实的一种意愿表达，从句采用have done的结构，故选D。,精选,6. I through that bitter period without your generous help. A.couldnt have gone B.didnt go C.wouldnt go D.hadnt gone,【答案与解析】A 句意:如果没有你的慷慨相助的话,我不可能熬 过那段艰苦的日子。without your generous help相当于含

42、蓄条件句if it hadnt been for your generous help, 此处表示与过去事实相反,所以 主句部分应采用couldnt have done 结构,表示“本不可能”。,精选,7.Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined. I wish they always late. A.werent B.hadnt been C. wouldnt be D.wouldnt have been,【答案与解析】A 句意:“孩子们都到哪里去了?这顿饭就要被他 们彻底破坏了。”“我希望他们不要总是迟到。”本题考查虚拟 语气。wish后跟that从句采用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反的用一般过 去时,与过去事实相反的用过去完成时。本题表示与现在事实相反,所以用一般过去时。,精选,8.-_you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone? -Sorry Sir, but its urgent. A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would 【考点】情态动词用法 【