语法填空专题讲解

1、,高中英语语法填空Rational Cloze,解题技巧,Learning goals:,1. To learn some rules and skills about the rational cloze. 2. To improve the students ability of the rational cloze by mastering some skills and doing exercises.,Whats the usual way you fulfill the task rational cloze ?,三步完成: 概读理解 分析填空 连贯检查,语 法,词法,句法,章法,

2、惯用法,思考：面对语法填空中如此繁杂的语法点，我们到底该怎样入手呢?,虚词,冠词,a, an, the,介词,in, at, on, with, without, for, by, from, before, after, through, over, under.,并列连词,(连接并列句),并列关系：and, or, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but (also), both.and,转折关系：but, yet,因果关系：for, so,Test points(考点)：,从 句 引 导 词,定语从句,关系代词,关系副词,which, that, who

3、(m), as, whose,when, where, why,名词性从句,连接词,that, whether, if,连接代词,what(ever), who(ever),连接副词,when, where, why, how,状语从句,从属连词,when, while, as, since, until, where, because, although, though, if, so that, such that, before, after.,实词,Test points(考点)：,动词,谓语动词：时态，语态, 主谓一致 非谓语动词：-ing，-ed，to do及变形,名词,单复数,形

4、容词/副词,比较级、最高级；反义词,词性转换,Task 1: 题型解读,思考：高中英语试卷语法填空以什么方式出题？ 1. 挖空 处要求填入适当的单词。 2. 设题方式分为 和 _,10,纯空格型,有提示词型,语法填空题空格设计,纯空格,有提示词,给出了动词的试题,词类词义转换题,谓语动词，非谓语动词,名词，形容词，副词， 形容词或副词的比较级 或最高级,代词(pronoun)、冠词(article)、介词(prep.)、情态动词(modal verbs)、连词(conj.)或从句引导词,一、纯空格试题的解题技巧,冠词或(物主)代词,无提示词,1. There once were a goat

5、and a donkey. So the farmer killed 40_ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. 2.When I see the child in the shop, I think of Lucy. She was 35_ shy and beautiful girl. 3.The little boy pulled 33_ right hand out of the pocket 4.I can send a message to Ken whenever I want to, and _ gets

6、 there almost in a second.,the,a,his,考点归纳:(1-3 )名词前面 若没有限定词（定冠词，不定冠词，形容词性物主代词，不定代词),很可能考查限定词。 (4)主句缺主语或宾语，很可能考查代词。,讨论归纳,it,介词,无提示词 与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语等 与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语,1. The science institute spends about 3.5 million dollars every year _ robot research. 2. .,Love decided to ask for help. Richness wa

7、s passing _ Love in a grand boat.,on,by,考点归纳: 介词的基本用法及惯用搭配 介词 的使用要注意搭配和上下文语境提示。,讨论归纳,连词或从句引导词,无提示词,1. He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _ he felt very happy. 2 all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted(使融化/软化) me _ gave me a completely new sense of what life is all

8、 about.,but,and,考点归纳: 同一个主语发出两个或几个动作，且时态一致，中间没有连词，一定是填连词(并列连词和转折连词）。,讨论归纳,连词(并列连词和转折连词）,从句引导词 1. Whenever he was discouraged or faced with difficult problems he would open the box, take out an imaginary kiss, and remember the love of this beautiful child _ had put it there. 2. It sang the sweetest m

9、elody(曲调) _ she had ever heard. 3. The house _ window are broken is empty.,who/that,考点归纳：定语从句中缺主语,宾语或定语，一定是填适当的关系代词，如：who, that, which, whom，whose。,that,whose,定语从句-关系代词,考点归纳：定语从句 中缺地点状语用_, 缺时间状语用_， 缺原因状语用_。,1. These are the reasons _ we do it. 2.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to t

10、he small town _ he grew up as a child. 3. I can still remember the moment _ the space stewardess called us all to the capsule.,where,why,when,where,why,when,定语从句-关系副词,1.I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached _ looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. 2

11、.We heard the news _ our team had won. 3. _ interested her most was the longitude line. 4.The question is _ we should go on with the work.,what,考点归纳：名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。要注意what引导名词性从句的用法。,that,What,名词性从句,宾从,同位语从句,主从,whether,表从,1._ they arrived at dry land, the elder went her own way. 2._ it

12、rains tomorrow, I wont go. 3.He was so tired _ he couldnt go. 4._ he is poor, hes still happy. 5.Please put the medicine_ children cant reach it. 6. He cant come _ he is ill.,When,考点归纳：状语从句包括时间状语从句，条件状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，目的状语从句和方式状语从句。,状语从句,If,that,Although,where,because,二、给出了提示词型的解题技巧,考

13、点归纳：句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致，且中间有并列或转折连词时，需填的词则是谓语动词,就要考虑时态和语态，时态考虑要瞻前顾后。,1. But things_ (change) when he came to the new school. 2.Right after he _ (rescue) by the soldiers from the ruins,he saluted and smiled to them. 3. Since the beginning of history, people _ (use) rivers for transporta

14、tion.,changed,was rescued,1）动词谓语动词,have used,考点归纳：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用 现在分词doing，过去分词done，还是不定式 to do 。非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间 的关系。,1. _ (use) for a long time, the book looks old. 2._(use) the book, I find it useful. 3._ (see) from the hill, the city looks like a big garden. 4.I

15、looked at the pair of small objects _ (call) “thoughtpads” on a table.,Used,Using,2)动词非谓语动词(1),Seen,called,1. He saw the stone, _(say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” 2. The headmaster went into the lab, _ (follow) by the foreign guests.,saying,考点归纳：分词作伴随状语，原因状语，条件状语等时，要看它与逻辑主语的关系确定形式。与句中

16、主语是主动关系使用现在分词；与句中主语是被动关系使用过去分词。,followed,非谓语动词(2),1. _(complet) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day.,To complete,考点归纳：作目的状语或者在固定结构中，一般用to do形式。,2. The young student did all that he could _ (pass)the examinations.,to pass,非谓语动词(3),3）词类转换,1.Because only Time is capable of un

17、derstanding how _ (value) Love is. 2.His smile was like sunshine which warmed people who were in _ (sad) . 3.The girl was _ (frighten) that he would fly away. 4. “Now pull up the second.”The youth obeyed but found that the task was _ (difficult). 5.“Thirty-five cents,”she said _ (rude). 6.It would b

18、e _ (believe) that such an honest man should have betrayed his friends.,valuable,sadness,frightened,more difficult,rudely,unbelievable,根据语义, 确定词形,分析句子,确定词性,解题四步走,提示：四步走归根到底其实就是寻找依据每一个语法填空的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依据,通读全文,理解大意,总结提升,检查搭配, 前后连贯,Test methods,Logic thinking（逻辑推理）,Changes of words

19、（词性转换）,Sentence analysis（分析句子结构）,Phrases or sentence patterns（固定结构）,Grammar knowledge（语法知识）,Experts say there are several ways to deal with stress. They include deep breathing and a method of guided thought called meditation. They also include exercise, eating healthy foods, getting enough rest and

20、balancing the time 16 (spend)working and playing. Exercise is one of 17 most effective stressreduction measures. Running, walking or playing sports causes physical changes 18 make you feel better. Exercise also improves the bodys defense system 19 disease. And studies have found that 20 helps protect against a decrease in mental ability.,spent,the,that/which,against,it,grammar knowledge,sentence analysis,固定搭配,Doctors say deep, slow breathing is also helpful. Many 21 (medicine)studies have shown that clearing the mind through quiet meditation 22 (h