古典园林.ppt

1、“Life is not measured by the number of breaths we take, but by the places and moments that take our breath away.”,Classical Chinese Gardens,中国古典园林,Landscape Architecture Class 1, Grade of 2008 Group of soy,晏来、袁涌泉、刘泽昊、凌铭泽、龙亚雄,Shang and Zhou Dynasties.,Name: You (囿),lit. hunting park”,-the hunting gro

2、und for emperors and nobles without any artificial cultivation. -coarse, primitive, big and natural.,Features:,纣为鹿台，七年而成，其大三里，高千尺临望云雨 新序刺奢,“王在灵囿，鹿鹿攸伏。鹿鹿濯濯，白鸟篙篙。 王在灵沼，於轫鱼跃。”,诗经大雅,Qin and Han Dynasties,a villa where the emperors can have a rest and deal with the affairs of the state.,e.g. Shanglin Gar

3、den(上林苑) “Weiyang Palace” (未央宫) “Changle Palace” (长乐宫),Name: Yuan (苑),lit. imperial park”,Feature:,蓬莱山,方丈山,瀛洲山,Layout of the Jianzhang Palace(建章宫） in Shanglin Garden,the layout of “one pond and three mountains”(“一池三山”),From the period of the Wei and Jin to the period of Southern and Northern Dynasti

4、es,Background:,China experienced a period of continuous wars and conflicts. Many of the scholar-officials（士大夫）were bitterly disappointed and tried to evade the society by finding a spiritual sustenance in the natural world.,Feature: the garden with natural mountains and rivers.,Sui and Tang Dynastie

5、s,The economy was flourishing and the civilization was prosperous. The architects always had the interest in the integration of the garden into literature and art.,Feature: the garden with imitating mountains and rivers,Background:,The Song and the Yuan Dynasties,The stage of maturity,皆台榭亭阁，花木奇石，影映湖

6、山周围胜景，言之难尽。 吴自牧梦梁录,Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasties,The peak time of classical gardening,-Building of Imperial Gardens was activated .,E.g. the Summer Palace the Mountain Resort in Chengde,-The function of living was reinforced.,- “garden of gardens” “园中园”,Yuanye (园冶), the first monograph dedicated t

7、o garden architecture in the world, was written by Ji Cheng(计成), a Ming dynasty garden designer .,Building Principle: The garden is created by the human hand, but should appear as if created by heaven.“ “虽由人作，宛自天开”,The Craft of Gardens,Private Gardens（私家园林）,Imperial Gardens(皇家园林）,Owned by ancient Ch

8、inese emperors .,Owned mainly by the painters, the poets, and other scholars.,Beihai Park; the Summer Palace; the Mountain Resort in Chengde,Landscape Garden (风景名胜园林),E.g.,Places for public recreation.,West Lake; Daming Lake,E.g.,Temple Garden(寺庙园林),Humble Administrators Garden(拙政园) Lingering Garden

9、 (留园) Master of the Nets Garden(网师园) Lion Grove Garden (狮子林),Private Gardens:,Famous Private Gardens in Suzhou:,Geyuan Garden(个园) Heyuan Garden (何园),Famous Private Gardens in Yangzhou:,3.2 Ways of Creating the Gardens View (园林构景方法), obstructive scenery; blocking view( 抑景或障景),The garden builders neve

10、r show the best part of the garden at the very beginning, but try to use some artistic methods to block the scene at the entrance of a garden, such as a screen, a rockery, etc., adding the view（添景）,When a scenic spot is a little bit far from the viewer, such as a pagoda, or the natural hills, kinds

11、of flowers, trees, or other plants will be planted in the middle or near to the observers as a kind of transition., vista line；vista（夹景）,A distant view or prospect, especially one seen through an opening, as between rows of buildings or trees., opposite scenery; view in an opposite place(对景), enfram

12、ed scenery（框景）,It refers to mainly the doors, the windows, the holes, or the frame formed by the plants naturally will often enframe the views afar into a very beautiful picture., leaking through scenery(漏景),In walls of the garden or one side of the corridors, there are often some hollows or windows

13、, which are engraved through by traditional Chinese pictures such ancient figures, plants, birds and animals. So people will have a view from the hollow part about the garden.,lattice window, borrowed scenery; view borrowing(借景),Borrowed scenery is the principle of incorporating background landscape into the composition of a garden found in traditional Chinese garden design., “distant borrowing”(远借) e.g. mountains, forests, rivers, fields & lakes,“ adjacent borrowing” (邻借) e.g. neighborin