外文翻译-宝马5系悬架设计及仿真分析

1本科毕业论文（设计）翻译资料论文题目宝马5系悬架设计及仿真分析班级姓名院（系）导师1HOWCARSUSPENSIONWORKBYWILLIAMHARRISUNIVERSITYOFMICHIGANWHENPEOPLETHINLYOFAUTOMOBILEPERFORMANCE,THEYNORMALLYTHINKOFHORSEPOWER,TORQUEANDZEROTO60ACCELERATIONBUTALLOFTHEPOWERGENERATEDBYAPISTONENGINEISUSELESSIFTHEDRIERCANTCONTROLTHECARTHATSWHYAUTOMOBILEENGINEERSTURNDTHEIRATTENTIONTOTHESUSPENSIONSYSTEMALMOSTASSOONASTHEYHADMASTEREDTHEFOURSTROKEINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINEDOUBLEWISHBONESUSPENSIONONHONDAACCORD2005COUPETHEJOBOFACARSUSPENSIONISTOMAXIMIZETHEFRICTIONBETWEENTHETIRESANDTHEROADSURFACE,TOPROVIDESTEERINGSTABILITYWITHGOODHANDLINGANDTOENSURETHECOMFORTOFTHEPASSENGERSINTHISARTICLE,WELLEXPLOREHOWCARSUSPENSIONSWORK,HOWTHEYREEVOLVEDOVERTHEYEARSANDWHERETHEDESIGNOFSUSPENSIONSISHEADEDINTHEFUTURE1VEHICLEDYNAMICSIFAROADWEREPERFECTLYT1AT,WITHNOIRREGULARITIES,SUSPENSIONSWOULDNTBENECESSARYBUTROADSAREFARFROMT1ATEVENFRESHLYPAVEDHIGHWAYSHAVESUBTLEIMPERFECTIONSTHATCANINTERACTWITHTHEWHEELSOFACARITSTHESEIMPERFECTIONSTHATAPPLYFORCESTOTHEWHEELSACCORDINGTONEWTONSLAWSOFMOTION,ALLFORCESHAVEBOTHMAGNITUDEANDDIRECTIONABUMPINTHEROADCAUSESTHEWHEELTOMOVEUPANDDOWNPERPENDICULARTOTHEROADSURFACETHEMAGNITUDE,OFCOURSE,DEPENDSONWHETHERTHEWHEELISSTRIKINGAGIANTBUMPORATINYSPECKEITHERWAY,THECARWHEELEXPERIENCESAVERTICALACCELERATIONASITPASSESOVERANIMPERFECTION2WITHOUTANINTERVENINGSTRUCTURE,ALLOFWHEELSVERTICALENERGYISTRANSFERREDTOTHEFRAME,WHICHMOVESINTHESAMEDIRECTIONINSUCHASITUATION,THEWHEELSCANLOSECONTACTWITHTHEROADCOMPLETELYTHEN,UNDERTHEDOWNWARDFORCEOFGRAVITY,WHEELSCANSLAMBACKINTOTHEROADSURFACEWHATYOUNEEDISASYSTEMTHATABSORBTHEENERGYOFTHEVERTICALLYACCELERATEDWHEEL,ALLOWINGTHEFRAMEANDBODYTORIDEUNDISTURBEDWHILETHEWHEELSFOLLOWBUMPSINTHEROADTHESTUDYOFTHEFARCESATWORKANAMOVINGCARISCALLEDVEHICLEDYNAMICS,ANDYOUNEEDTOSUSPENSIONISNECESSARYOFNEEDTOUNDERSTANDSAMEOFTHESECONCEPTSINORDERTOAPPRECIATEWHYANECESSARYINTHEFIRSTPLACEMASTAUTOMOBILEENGINEERSCONSIDERTHEMOVINGCARPRAMTWOPERSPECTIVES1RIDEACARSABILITYTOSMOOTHOUTABUMPYROAD2HANDLINGACARSABILITYTOSAFELYACCELERATE,BRAKEANDCORNERTHESETWOCHARACTERISTICSCANBEFURTHERDESCRIBEDINTHREEIMPORTANTPRINCIPLESROADISOLATION,ROADHOLDINGANDCORNERINGTHETABLEBELOWDESCRIBESTHESEPRINCIPLESANDHOWENGINEERSATTEMPTTOSOLVETHECHALLENGESUNIQUETOEACHACARSSUSPENSION,WITHITSVARIOUSCOMPONENTS,PROVIDESALLOFTHESOLUTIONSDESCRIBED2THECHASSISSYSTEMTHESUSPENSIONOFACARISACTUALLYPARTOFTHECHASSIS,WHICHCOMPRISESALLOFTHEIMPORTANTSYSTEMSLOCATEDBENEATHTHECARSBODY3FIGURE21CHASSISTHESESYSTEMSINCLUDE1THEFRAMESTRUCTURAL,LOADCARRYINGCOMPONENTTHATSUPPORTSTHECARSENGINEANDBODY,WHICHAREINTURNSUPPORTEDBYTHESUSPENSION2THESUSPENSIONSYSTEMSETUPTHATSUPPORTSWEIGHT,ABSORBSANDDAMPENSSHOCKANDHELPSMAINTAINTIRECONTACT3THESTEERINGSYSTEMMECHANISMTHATENABLESTHEDRIVERTOGUIDEANDDIRECTTHEVEHICLE4THETIRESANDWHEELSCOMPONENTSTHATMAKEVEHICLEMOTIONPOSSIBLEBYWAYOFGRIPAND/ORFRICTIONWITHTHEROADSOTHESUSPENSIONISJUSTONEOFTHEMAJORSYSTEMSINANYVEHICLEWITHTHISBIGPICTUREOVERVIEWINMIND,ITSTIMETOLOOKATTHETHREEFUNDAMENTALCOMPONENTSOFANYSUSPENSIONSPRINGS,DAMPERSANDANTISWAYBARS3SPRINGSTODAYSSPRINGINGSYSTEMSAREBASEDONONEOFFOURBASICDESIGN1COILSPRINGTHISISTHEMASTCOMMONTYPEOFSPRINGANDIS,INESSENCE,AHEAVYDUTYTORSIONBARCOILEDAROUNDANAXISCOILSPRINGSCOMPRESSANDEXPANDTOABSORBTHEMOTIONOFTHEWHEELS2LEAFSPRINGTHISTYPEOFSPRINGCONSISTSOFSEVERALLAYERSOFMETALCALLED“LEAVES“BOUNDTOGETHERTOACTASASINGLEUNITLEAFSPRINGSWEREFIRSTUSEDONHORSEDRAWNCARRIAGESANDWERE4FOUNDANMOSTAMERICANAUTOMOBILESUNTIL1985THEYARESTILLUSEDTODAYONMOSTTRUCKSANDHEAVYDUTYVEHICLES3TORSIONBARSTORSIONBARSUSETHETWISTINGPROPERTIESOFASTEELGARTOPROVIDECOILSPRINGLIKEPERFORMANCETHISISHOWTHEYWORKONEENDOFABARISANCHOREDTOTHEVEHICLEFRAMETHEOTHERENDI5ATTACHEDTOAWISHBONE,WHICHACTSLIKEALEVERTHATMARESPERPENDICULARTOTHETORSIONBARWHENTHEWHEELHITSABUMP,VERTICALMOTIONISTRANSFERREDTOTHEWISHBONEANDTHEN,THROUGHTHELEVERINGACTION,TOTHETORSIONBARTHETORSIONBARTHENTWISTSALONGITSAXISTOPROVIDETHESPRINGFARCEEUROPEANCARETAKERSUSEDTHISSYSTEMEXTENSIVELY,ASDIDPACKARDANDCHRYSLERINTHEUNITEDSTATES,THROUGHTHE1950SAND1960S4AIRSPRINGSAIRSPRINGS,WHICHCONSISTOFACYLINDRICALCHAMBEROFAIRPOSITIONEDBETWEENTHEWHEELANDTHECARSBODY,USETHECOMPRES5IREQUALITIESOFAIRTOABSORBWHEELVIBRATIONSTHECONCEPTISACTUALLYMORETHANACENTURYOLDANDCOULDBEFOUNDANHORSEDRAWNBUGGIESAIRSPRINGSFROMTHISERAWEREMADEFROMAIRFILLED,LEATHERDIAPHRAGMS,MUCHLIKEABELLOWSTHEYWEREREPLACEDWITHMOLDEDRUBBERAIRSPRINGSINTHE1930SBASEDONWHERESPRINGSARELOCATEDONACARIE,BETWEENTHEWHEELSANDTHEFRAMEENGINEERSOFTENFINDITCONVENIENTTOTALKABOUTTHESPRUNGMASSANDTHEUNSPRUNGMASS4SPRUNGANDUNSPRUNGMASSTHESPRUNGMASSISTHEMASSOFTHEVEHICLESUPPORTEDANTHESPRINGS,WHILETHEUNSPRUNGMASSISLOOSELYDEFINEDASTHEMASSBETWEENTHEROADANDTHESUSPENSIONSPRINGSTHESTIFFNESSOFTHESPRINGSAFFECTSHOWTHESPRUNGMASSRESPONDSWHILETHECARISBEINGDRIVENLOOSELYSPRUNGCARS,SUCHASLUXURYCARSTHINKLINCOLNTAWSCARD,CANSWALLOWBUMPSANDPROVIDEASUPERSMOOTHRIDEHOWEVER,SUCHACARISPRUNETODIVEANDSQUATDURINGBRAKINGANDACCELERATIONANDTENDSTOEXPERIENCEBODYAWAYORROLLDURINGCORNERINGTIGHTLYSPRUNGCARS,SUCHASSPORTSCARSTHINKMAZDAMIATA,ARELESSFORGIVINGONBUMPYROADS,BUTTHEYMINIMIZEBODYMOTIONWELL,WHICHMEANSTHEYCANBEDRIVENAGGRESSIVELY,EVENAROUNDCORNERSSO,WHILESPRINGSBYTHEMSELVESSEEMLIKESIMPLEDEVICES,DESIGNINGANDIMPLEMENTINGTHEMONACARTOBALANCEPASSENGERCOMFORTWITHHANDLINGISACOMPLEXTASKANDTOMAKEMATTERSMORE5COMPLEX,SPRINGSALONECANTPROVIDEAPERFECTLYSMOOTHRIDEWHYBECAUSESPRINGSAREGREATATABSORBINGENERGY,BUTNOTSOGOODATDISSIPATINGITOTHERSTRUCTURES,KNOWNASDAMPERS,AREREQUIREDTODOTHIS5SHACKABSORBERSUNLESSADAMPENINGSTRUCTUREISPRESENT,ACARSPRINGWILLEXTENDANDRELEASETHEENERGYITABSORBSFROMABUMPATANUNCONTROLLEDRATETHESPRINGWILLCONTINUETOBOUNCEATITSNATURALFREQUENCYUNTILALLOFTHEENERGYORIGINALLYPUTINTOITISUSEDUPASUSPENSIONBUILTANSPRINGSALONEWOULDMAKEFORANEXTREMELYBOUNCYRIDEAND,DEPENDINGANTHETERRAIN,ANUNCONTROLLABLECARENTERTHESHACKABSORBER,ORSNUBBER,ADEVICETHATCONTROLSUNWANTEDSPRINGMOTIONTHROUGHAPROCESSKNOWNASDAMPENINGSHOCKABSORBERSSLOWDOWNANDREDUCETHEMAGNITUDEOFVIBRATORYMOTIONSBYTURNINGTHEKINETICENERGYOFSUSPENSIONMOVEMENTINTOHEATENERGYTHATCANLIEDISSIPATEDTHROUGHHYDRAULICFLUIDTOUNDERSTANDHOWTHISWORKS,ITSBESTTOLOOKINSIDEASHACKABSORBERTOSEEITSSTRUCTUREANDFUNCTIONASHOCKABSORBERISBASICALLYANOILPUMPPLACEDBETWEENTHEFRAMEOFTHECARANDTHEWHEELSTHEUPPERMOUNTOFTHESHOCKCONNECTSTOTHEFRAMEIE,THESPRUNGWEIGHT,WHILETHELOWER6MOUNTCONNECTSTOTHEAXLE,NEARTHEWHEELIE,THEUNSPRUNGWEIGHTINATWINTUBEDESIGN,ONEOFTHEMOSTCOMMONTYPESOFSHOCKABSORBERS,THEUPPERMOUNTISCONNECTEDTOAPISTONROD,WHICHINTURNISCONNECTEDTOAPISTON,WHICHINTURNSITSINATUBEFILLEDWITHHYDRAULICFLUIDTHEINNERTUBEISKNOWNASTHEPRESSURETUBE,ANDTHEOUTERTUBEISKNOWNASTHERESERVETUBETHERESERVETUBESTORESEXCESSHYDRAULICFLUIDWHENTHECARWHEELENCOUNTERSABUMPINTHEROADANDCAUSESTHESPRINGYTOCOILANDUNCOIL,THEENERGYOFTHESPRINGISTRANSFERREDTOTHESHOCKABSORBERTHROUGHTHEUPPERMOUNT,DOWNTHROUGHTHEPISTONRODANDINTOTHEPISTONORIFICESPERFORATETHEPISTONANDALLOWFLUIDTOLEAKTHROUGHASTHEPISTONMOVESUPANDDOWNINTHEPRESSURETUBEBECAUSETHEORIFICESARERELATIVELYTINY,ONLYASMALLAMOUNTOFFLUID,UNDERGREATPRESSURE,PASSESTHROUGHTHISSLOWSDOWNTHEPISTON,WHICHINTURNSLOWSDOWNTHESPRINGSHOCKABSORBERSWORLDINTWOCYCLESTHECOMPRESSIONCYCLEANDTHEEXTENSIONCYCLETHECOMPRESSIONCYCLEOCCURSASTHEPISTONMOVESDOWNWARD,COMPRESSINGTHEHYDRAULICFLUIDINTHECHAMBERBELOWTHEPISTONTHEEXTENSIONCYCLEOCCURSASTHEPISTONMOVESTOWARDTHETOPOFTHEPRESSURETUBE,COMPRESSINGTHEFLUIDINTHECHAMBERABOVETHEPISTONATYPICALCARORLIGHTTRUCKWILLHAVEMARERESISTANCEDURINGITSEXTENSIONCYCLETHANITSCOMPRESSIONCYCLEWITHTHATINMIND,THECOMPRESSIONCYCLECONTROLSTHEMOTIONOFTHEVEHICLESUNSPRUNGWEIGHT,WHILEEXTENSIONCONTROLSTHEHEAVIER,SPRUNGWEIGHTALLMODERNSHOCKABSORBERSAREVELOCITYSENSITIVETHEFASTERTHESUSPENSIONMOVES,THEMORERESISTANCETHESHOCKABSORBERPROVIDESTHISENABLESSHACKSTOADJUSTTOROADCONDITIONSANDTOCENTRALALLOFTHEUNWANTEDMOTIONSTHATCANOCCURINAMOVINGVEHICLE,INCLUDINGBOUNCE,SWAY,BRAKEDIVEANDACCELERATIONSQUAT6STRUTSANDANTISWAYBARSANOTHERCOMMONDAMPENINGSTRUCTUREISTHESTRUTTWOJOBSBASICALLYASHOCKABSORBERMOUNTEDINSIDEACOILSPRINGSTRUTSPERFORMTHEYPRORIDEADAMPENINGFUNCTIONLIKESHACKABSORBERS,ANDTHEYPROVIDESTRUCTURALSUPPORTFORTHEVEHICLESUSPENSIONTHATMEANSSTRUTSDELIVERAHITMORE7THANSHOCKABSORBERS,WHICHDONTSUPPORTVEHICLEWEIGHTTHEYONLYCONTROLTHESPEEDATWHICHWEIGHTISTRANSFERREDINACARNOTTHEWEIGHTITSELFFIGURE61COMMONSTRUTDESIGNBECAUSESHOCKSANDSTRUTSHAVESOMUCHTODOWITHTHEHANDLINGOFACAR,THEYCANBECONSIDEREDCRITICALSAFETYFEATURESWORNSHOCKSANDSTRUTSCANALLOWEXCESSIVEVEHICLEWEIGHTTRANSFERFROMSIDETOSIDEANDFRONTTOBACKTHISREDUCESTHETIRESABILITYTOGRIPTHEROAD,ASWELLASHANDLINGANDBRAKINGPERFORMANCE7ANTISWAYBARSANTI一SWAYBARSALSOKNOWNASANTIROLLBARSAREUSEDSLANGWITHSHOCKABSORBERSORSTRUTSTOGIVEAMOVINGAUTOMOBILEADDITIONALSTABILITYANANTISWAYBARISAMETALRODTHATSPANSTHEENTIREAXLEANDEFFECTIVELYJOINSEACHSIDEOFTHESUSPENSIONTOGETHERWHENTHESUSPENSIONATONEWHEELMAVENUPANDDAWN,THEANTISWAYBARTRANSFERSMOVEMENTTOTHEOTHERWHEELTHISCREATESAMORELEVELRIDEANDREDUCESVEHICLESWAYINPARTICULAR,ITCOMBATSTHEROLLOFACARONITSSUSPENSIONASITCORNERSFARTHISREASON,ALMOSTALLCARSTODAYAREFITTEDWITHANTI一SWAYBARSASSTANDARDEQUIPMENT,ALTHOUGHIFTHEYRENOT,KITSMAKEITEASYTOINSTALLTHEBARSATANYTIME8THEFUTUREOFCARSUSPENSION8WHILETHEREHAVEBEENENHANCEMENTSANDIMPROVEMENTSTOBOTHSPRINGSANDSHOCKABSORBERS,THEBASICDEIGNOFCARSUSPENSIONSHASNOTUNDERGONEASIGNIFICANTEVOLUTIONOVERTHEYEARSBUTALLOFTHATSABOUTTOCHANGEWITHTHEINTRODUCTIONOFABRANDNEWSUSPENSIONDESIGNCONCEIVEDBYBOLETHESAME13OSEKNOWNFORITSINNOVATIONSINACOUSTICTECHNOLOGIESSOMEEXPERTSAREGOINGSOFARASTOSAYTHATTHEBOLESUSPENSIONISTHEBIGGESTADVANCEINAUTOMOBILESUSPENSIONSSINCETHEINTRODUCTIONOFANALLINDEPENDENTDESIGNFIGURE81SUSPENSIONFRONTMODU1EHOWDOESITWORKTHEBASESYSTEMUSESALINEARELECTROMAGNETICMOTORLEMAATEACHWHEELINLIEUOFACONVENTIONALSHOCKAND一SPRINGSETUPAMPLIFIERSPROVIDEELECTRICITYTOTHEMOTORSINSUCHAWAYTHATTHEIRPOWERISREGENERATEDWITHEACHCOMPRESSIONOFTHESYSTEMTHEMAINBENEFITOFTHEMOTORSISTHATTHEYARENOTLIMITEDBYTHEINERTIAINHERENTINCONVENTIONALFLUIDBASEDDAMPERSASARESULT,ANLE1VICANEXTENDANDCOMPRESSATAMUCHGREATERSPEED,VIRTUALLYELIMINATINGALLVIBRATIONSINTHEPASSENGERCABINTHEWHEELSMOTIONCANBESOFINELYCONTROLLEDTHATTHEBODYOFTHECARREMAINSLEVELREGARDLESSOFWHATSHAPPENINGATTHEWHEELTHELE1VICANALSOCOUNTERACTTHEBODYMOTIONOFTHECARWHILEACCELERATING,BRAKINGANDCORNERING,GIVINGTHEDRIVERAGREATERSENSEOFCONTROLUNFORTUNATELY,THISPARADIGM一SHIFTINGSUSPENSIONWONTBEAVAILABLEUNTIL2009WHENITWILL9BEOFFEREDONONEORMOREHIGHENDLUXURYCARSUNTILTHEN,DRIVERSWILLHAVETORELYONTHETRIEDANDTRUESUSPENSIONMETHODSTHATHAVESMOOTHEDOUTBUMPYRIDESFORCENTURIES汽车悬架如何工作BYWILLIAMHARRISUNIVERSITYOFMICHIGAN当人们考虑汽车性能的时候，他们通常认为是马力，扭知和零到60的加速时。但是，如果司机无法控制汽车，由一个活塞发动机产生的功率都是无用的。这就是为什么汽车的工程师开始将注意力转向悬挂系统，尽快为他们几乎已经掌握了四冲程内燃机。双横臂独立悬架的本田雅阁轿跑车2005年汽车悬架的工作是尽量在轮胎和路而之间提供良好的操纵稳定性，并确保乘客的舒适度。在这篇文章中，我们将探讨汽车悬架如何的工作，他们已经逐渐发展起来，这些年来，那里的悬架设计在未来的发展方向。1、车辆动力学如果道路是完全平坦，没有违规行为，就没有必要停牌。但远离道路平坦，即使是刚铺好的公路有细微的缺陷，与汽车的车轮相联系的。它的这些缺陷聚焦于车轮。根据牛顿运动定律，所有部件都大小和方向。一个在路上碰到导致车轮向上和向下移动到垂直路面。当然大小，取决于是否是惊人的一个巨大的车轮碰撞或一点点。无论哪种方式，车轮垂直10加速度的经验，因为它传递了一个缺陷。如果没有中间结构，所有车轮的垂直能量转移到车架，这在同一方向移动。在这种情况下，车轮与路面可以完全失去联系。接着，在向下的重力，车轮可以大满贯回路面。你需要的是一个系统，将吸收的能量垂直加速轮，使画面和身体不受干扰，而车轮按照道路颠簸。对在工作力量上开动的汽车上被称为车辆动力学研究，你需要了解其中一些概念，以明白为什么暂停把必要摆在首位。大多数汽车工程师从两个角度考虑的一个移动的汽车的动态1）乘坐一汽车的能力，理顺了不平坦的道路2）处理一汽车的能力，安全地加速，刹车和角落这两个特点可以进一步说明在三个重要的原则一道路隔离，进路控股和转弯。下表描述了这些原则和工程师如何尝试解决每一个独特的挑战。汽车的悬挂其各个组成部分，提供了解决方案，所有描述。2、底盘系统一辆汽车的悬挂，其实就是在底盘，其中包括对汽车底下找到了所有重要系统的一部分。11图21底盘这些制度包括1）框架一结构，承载组件，支持汽车的引擎和身体，这反过来又受到暂停支持。2）悬挂系统一安装支持重量，吸收冲击和削弱，并帮助维持轮胎接触。3）转向系统一底盘，使驾驶者和直接指导的车辆。4）轮胎和轮子一部件的抓地力，使汽车运动的可能和途径或与路而摩擦力。因此，暂停只是在任何车辆的主要系统之一。考虑到这一大画面的概述，它的时间来看看三个基本组成部分的任何中止，弹簧，减震器和防摇杆。3、弹簧1）线圈弹簧一这是弹簧的最常见的类型，而且在本质上是重型扭杆围绕一个轴圈。线圈弹簧压缩和扩展，吸收了车轮的方案。2）钢板弹簧一这个弹簧型的多层次金属称为“叶”联系在一起，作为一个独立的单元包括。钢板弹簧被首次应用于马车，以及对最符合美国的汽车，直到1985年。他们今大仍在使用的最卡车和重型车辆。3）扭杆一扭杆使用一种扭钢筋的性能提供线圈弹簧般的表现。这是他们的工作一个是最后一个栏固定在车架。另一端是连接到一个叉骨，它就像一个杠杆，移动垂直扭杆行为。当点击一个车轮撞，垂直运动，是转移到叉骨，然后通过撬起行动，扭杆。扭杆然后12沿其轴线曲折提供弹簧力。欧洲汽车制造商广泛使用这个系统一样，在美国惠普和克莱斯勒在20世纪50年代和60年代通过。4）空气弹簧一空气弹簧，其中一间的轮子和汽车的空气圆柱腔体的位置组成，利用空气的压缩品质吸收车轮的震动。这个概念其实有一个多世纪的历史，可以对马拉儿童车找到。从这个时代却是从空气弹簧充气，皮革隔膜，就像一个波纹管，他们是在20世纪30年代模压橡胶空气弹簧取代。基于在弹簧位于上车一即车轮之间的框架一工程师常常感到方便谈谈簧载质量和簧下质量。4、弹簧和簧下质量跳跃质量是对弹簧支撑的汽车质量，而簧下质量是松散的之间的道跻和悬架弹簧质量定义。弹簧刚度的影响如何回应，而簧载质量正在驾驶汽车。松散的弹簧汽车，如豪华轿车认为林肯城市车，可以吞下振动，并提供一个超级平稳，但是，这样的车很容易潜水和制动和加速并趋于身体晃动转弯。紧紧弹簧车，如跑车认为马自达MIATA身上，在颠簸的道路，但他们尽量减少身体的方案很好，这意味着他们可以更积极推动各地角落。因此，虽然自己看起来简单的弹簧装置，设计和实施他们的汽车乘客舒适度的平衡与处理是一项复杂的任务。而为了让事情更加复杂，弹簧不能单独提供一个完美的平稳运行。由于弹簧在吸收能量是巨大的，但它不是在散热良好。其他构筑物，如阻尼器众所周知，必须这样做。5、减震器除了控制结构是现在用的，汽车弹簧将扩大和失控的速度释放的能量是从一肿块吸收。弹簧将继续反弹，直到所有的能量在其自然频率最初投入到IT用完。建立一个单独的弹簧悬架会使乘坐一个非常有弹性，并根据地形，难以控制汽车。输入减震器和缓冲器，一个装置，通过控制作为一个过程称为抑制有害弹簧的方案。减震器慢下来，减少转化为热能，可以通过液压油消退了悬架运动动能的振动运动的幅度。要理解这是如何工作，最好找一个减震器内看到它的结构和功能。13一个减震器基本上