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LEATHERMEASUREMENTOFAREACUIRMESURAGEDELASURFACEINTERNATIONALSTANDARDSECONDEDITION20140301ISO2014REFERENCENUMBERSISO116462014EIULTCS/IUP322014EISO11646IULTCS/IUP32COPYRIGHTINTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONFORSTANDARDIZATIONPROVIDEDBYIHSUNDERLICENSEWITHISOLICENSEEUNIVERSITYOFALBERTA/5966844001,USERSHARABIANI,SHAHRAMFSNOTFORRESALE,03/03/2014222546MSTNOREPRODUCTIONORNETWORKINGPERMITTEDWITHOUTLICENSEFROMIHS,ISO116462014EIULTCS/IUP322014EIIISO2014ALLRIGHTSRESERVEDCOPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENTISO2014ALLRIGHTSRESERVEDUNLESSOTHERWISESPECIFIED,NOPARTOFTHISPUBLICATIONMAYBEREPRODUCEDORUTILIZEDOTHERWISEINANYFORMORBYANYMEANS,ELECTRONICORMECHANICAL,INCLUDINGPHOTOCOPYING,ORPOSTINGONTHEINTERNETORANINTRANET,WITHOUTPRIORWRITTENPERMISSIONPERMISSIONCANBEREQUESTEDFROMEITHERISOATTHEADDRESSBELOWORISOSMEMBERBODYINTHECOUNTRYOFTHEREQUESTERISOCOPYRIGHTOFFICECASEPOSTALE56CH1211GENEVA20TEL41227490111FAX41227490947EMAILCOPYRIGHTISOORGWEBWWWISOORGPUBLISHEDINSWITZERLANDCOPYRIGHTINTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONFORSTANDARDIZATIONPROVIDEDBYIHSUNDERLICENSEWITHISOLICENSEEUNIVERSITYOFALBERTA/5966844001,USERSHARABIANI,SHAHRAMFSNOTFORRESALE,03/03/2014222546MSTNOREPRODUCTIONORNETWORKINGPERMITTEDWITHOUTLICENSEFROMIHS,ISO116462014EIULTCS/IUP322014EISO2014ALLRIGHTSRESERVEDIIICONTENTSPAGEFOREWORDIV1SCOPE12NORMATIVEREFERENCES13PRINCIPLE14APPARATUS141MECHANICALPINWHEELAREAMEASUREMENTMACHINE142CIRCULARCALIBRATIONTEMPLATE143CALIBRATIONPROCEDURE25SAMPLINGANDSAMPLEPREPARATION251CONDITIONINGOFTHELEATHER252STARTOFMEASUREMENT253METHODOFMEASUREMENT254DIRECTIONOFFEED355NUMBEROFMEASUREMENTS36EXPRESSIONOFRESULTS37TESTREPORT3ANNEXAINFORMATIVESOURCESOFTESTAPPARATUS4COPYRIGHTINTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONFORSTANDARDIZATIONPROVIDEDBYIHSUNDERLICENSEWITHISOLICENSEEUNIVERSITYOFALBERTA/5966844001,USERSHARABIANI,SHAHRAMFSNOTFORRESALE,03/03/2014222546MSTNOREPRODUCTIONORNETWORKINGPERMITTEDWITHOUTLICENSEFROMIHS,ISO116462014EFOREWORDISOTHEINTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONFORSTANDARDIZATIONISAWORLDWIDEFEDERATIONOFNATIONALSTANDARDSBODIESISOMEMBERBODIESTHEWORKOFPREPARINGINTERNATIONALSTANDARDSISNORMALLYCARRIEDOUTTHROUGHISOTECHNICALCOMMITTEESEACHMEMBERBODYINTERESTEDINASUBJECTFORWHICHATECHNICALCOMMITTEEHASBEENESTABLISHEDHASTHERIGHTTOBEREPRESENTEDONTHATCOMMITTEEINTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONS,GOVERNMENTALANDNONGOVERNMENTAL,INLIAISONWITHISO,ALSOTAKEPARTINTHEWORKISOCOLLABORATESCLOSELYWITHTHEINTERNATIONALELECTROTECHNICALCOMMISSIONIECONALLMATTERSOFELECTROTECHNICALSTANDARDIZATIONTHEPROCEDURESUSEDTODEVELOPTHISDOCUMENTANDTHOSEINTENDEDFORITSFURTHERMAINTENANCEAREDESCRIBEDINTHEISO/IECDIRECTIVES,PART1INPARTICULARTHEDIFFERENTAPPROVALCRITERIANEEDEDFORTHEDIFFERENTTYPESOFISODOCUMENTSSHOULDBENOTEDTHISDOCUMENTWASDRAFTEDINACCORDANCEWITHTHEEDITORIALRULESOFTHEISO/IECDIRECTIVES,PART2SEEWWWISOORG/DIRECTIVESATTENTIONISDRAWNTOTHEPOSSIBILITYTHATSOMEOFTHEELEMENTSOFTHISDOCUMENTMAYBETHESUBJECTOFPATENTRIGHTSISOSHALLNOTBEHELDRESPONSIBLEFORIDENTIFYINGANYORALLSUCHPATENTRIGHTSDETAILSOFANYPATENTRIGHTSIDENTIFIEDDURINGTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEDOCUMENTWILLBEINTHEINTRODUCTIONAND/ORONTHEISOLISTOFPATENTDECLARATIONSRECEIVEDSEEWWWISOORG/PATENTSANYTRADENAMEUSEDINTHISDOCUMENTISINFORMATIONGIVENFORTHECONVENIENCEOFUSERSANDDOESNOTCONSTITUTEANENDORSEMENTFORANEXPLANATIONONTHEMEANINGOFISOSPECIFICTERMSANDEXPRESSIONSRELATEDTOCONFORMITYASSESSMENT,ASWELLASINFORMATIONABOUTISOSADHERENCETOTHEWTOPRINCIPLESINTHETECHNICALBARRIERSTOTRADETBTSEETHEFOLLOWINGURLFOREWORDSUPPLEMENTARYINFORMATIONISO11646WASPREPAREDBYTHEEUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATIONCENTECHNICALCOMMITTEECEN/TC289,LEATHER,INCOLLABORATIONWITHTHEPHYSICALTESTSCOMMISSIONOFTHEINTERNATIONALUNIONOFLEATHERTECHNOLOGISTSANDCHEMISTSSOCIETIESIUPCOMMISSION,IULTCS,INACCORDANCEWITHTHEAGREEMENTONTECHNICALCOOPERATIONBETWEENISOANDCENVIENNAAGREEMENTIULTCS,ORIGINALLYFORMEDIN1897,ISAWORLDWIDEORGANIZATIONOFPROFESSIONALLEATHERSOCIETIESTOFURTHERTHEADVANCEMENTOFLEATHERSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYIULTCSHASTHREECOMMISSIONS,WHICHARERESPONSIBLEFORESTABLISHINGINTERNATIONALMETHODSFORTHESAMPLINGANDTESTINGOFLEATHERISORECOGNIZESIULTCSASANINTERNATIONALSTANDARDIZINGBODYFORTHEPREPARATIONOFTESTMETHODSFORLEATHERTHEFIRSTEDITIONOFISO11646WASBASEDONIUP32PUBLISHEDINJSOCLEATHERTECHCHEM73,PP23241989,ANDDECLAREDANOFFICIALMETHODOFTHEIULTCSINOCTOBER1989THISSECONDEDITIONOFISO11646CANCELSANDREPLACESTHEFIRSTEDITIONISO116461993,WHICHHASBEENTECHNICALLYREVISEDIN42AND512,TOCLARIFYTHEIMPORTANCEOFUSINGONLYONESPECIFICSTANDARDATMOSPHERE20CAND65RHTHISINTERNATIONALSTANDARDISWRITTENINSIUNITS,INACCORDANCEWITHISO/IECDIRECTIVESTHEUSEOFTHESQUAREFOOT,STILLCOMMONINTHELEATHERTRADEINSOMECOUNTRIES,ISDISCOURAGEDIF,FORCOMMERCIALREASONS,THEUSEOFTHESQUAREFOOTMAYSEEMNECESSARY,ITISOBTAINEDBYTHECONVERSION1SQFT0,0929M2IULTCS/IUP322014EIVISO2014ALLRIGHTSRESERVEDCOPYRIGHTINTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONFORSTANDARDIZATIONPROVIDEDBYIHSUNDERLICENSEWITHISOLICENSEEUNIVERSITYOFALBERTA/5966844001,USERSHARABIANI,SHAHRAMFSNOTFORRESALE,03/03/2014222546MSTNOREPRODUCTIONORNETWORKINGPERMITTEDWITHOUTLICENSEFROMIHS,INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO116462014ELEATHERMEASUREMENTOFAREA1SCOPETHISINTERNATIONALSTANDARDSPECIFIESAMETHODOFMEASURINGTHEAREAOFPIECESOFLEATHERITISINTENDEDONLYFORTHEMEASUREMENTOFDRESSEDANDOTHERDRYFLEXIBLELEATHERS2NORMATIVEREFERENCESTHEFOLLOWINGDOCUMENTS,INWHOLEORINPART,ARENORMATIVELYREFERENCEDINTHISDOCUMENTANDAREINDISPENSABLEFORITSAPPLICATIONFORDATEDREFERENCES,ONLYTHEEDITIONCITEDAPPLIESFORUNDATEDREFERENCES,THELATESTEDITIONOFTHEREFERENCEDDOCUMENTINCLUDINGANYAMENDMENTSAPPLIESISO2419,LEATHERPHYSICALANDMECHANICALTESTSSAMPLEPREPARATIONANDCONDITIONING3PRINCIPLETHEAREAOFTHECONDITIONEDLEATHERISMEASUREDWITHAMECHANICALPINWHEELMACHINE4APPARATUS41MECHANICALPINWHEELAREAMEASUREMENTMACHINETHEMACHINEUSEDSHOULDPREFERABLYHAVEAFEEDROLLERSPEEDOF20M/MIN2M/MINTHEDISTANCEBETWEENTHECENTRESOFTHEPINSONTWOADJACENTPINWHEELSSHOULDPREFERABLYBE25,4MM2,5MMMEASUREDPARALLELTOTHEAXISOFTHEPINWHEELROLLERPINWHEELMACHINESWHICHDONOTCONFORMTOTHESERECOMMENDATIONSMAYALSOBEUSED,BUTTHEACTUALDESIGNVALUESSHALLBESTATEDINTHETESTREPORTSEEANNEXAFORINFORMATIONONTHESEMACHINES42CIRCULARCALIBRATIONTEMPLATETHETEMPLATESHALLBEMADEOFFLEXIBLEREINFORCEDMATERIAL,FORCALIBRATINGTHEPINWHEELMACHINEIMMEDIATELYBEFORETHEMACHINEISUSEDTHEAREAOFTHETEMPLATESHALLNOTBELESSTHAN5OFTHEPINWHEELMACHINECAPACITY,ANDTHEWIDTHOFTHETEMPLATESHALLNOTBEGREATERTHAN50OFTHEMACHINESWORKINGWIDTHTHEAREAOFTHETEMPLATESHALL,IFPOSSIBLE,BEWITHIN50OFTHEANTICIPATEDAREAOFTHEPIECEOFLEATHERTOBEMEASUREDIFTHISISNOTPOSSIBLE,FEEDTHESAMETEMPLATETHROUGHTHEMACHINEANUMBEROFTIMESNWITHOUTRESETTINGTHEMACHINETOZEROUNTILTHETOTALREADINGISWITHIN50OFTHEANTICIPATEDTESTSPECIMENAREA,ANDTREATTHISTOTALASASINGLEMEASUREMENTWHENNOTINUSE,THETEMPLATESSHALLBEKEPTFLATINTHESPECIFICSTANDARDATMOSPHEREDEFINEDINISO241920CAND65RHTHEAREAOFTHETEMPLATESSHALLBEVERIFIEDATLEASTONCEAYEARBYANINDEPENDENTBODYUSINGMEASUREMENTINSTRUMENTSTRACEABLETOANATIONALSTANDARDCALIBRATIONPROCEDURETHETEMPLATEISACCEPTABLEIFITSMEASUREDAREAISWITHIN0,5OFITSNOMINALAREAITISRECOMMENDEDTHATUSERSOFTHISINTERNATIONALSTANDARDKEEPARECORDBOOKOFTHEMEASUREMENTSOBTAINEDDURINGTHEDAILYCALIBRATIONPROCEDURELTISTOBEINSPECTEDATREGULARINTERVALSTODETECTANYCONSISTENTTRENDSTOWARDSINACCURATEREADINGS,EGTHELEFTSIDEOFTHEMACHINEALWAYSREADSLOW,THERIGHTSIDETENDSTOREADHIGHTHISGIVESADVANCEWARNINGOFFAULTS,WHICHAREOFUSETOTHEMAINTENANCEENGINEERWHENSERVICINGTHEMACHINEISO2014ALLRIGHTSRESERVED1COPYRIGHTINTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONFORSTANDARDIZATIONPROVIDEDBYIHSUNDERLICENSEWITHISOLICENSEEUNIVERSITYOFALBERTA/5966844001,USERSHARABIANI,SHAHRAMFSNOTFORRESALE,03/03/2014222546MSTNOREPRODUCTIONORNETWORKINGPERMITTEDWITHOUTLICENSEFROMIHS,ISO116462014E43CALIBRATIONPROCEDUREBEFOREEACHSERIESOFTESTS,CARRYOUTTHEFOLLOWINGPROCEDURESTAGE1SWITCHONANDRUNTHEMACHINEFORATLEAST2MIN,THENPASSAN“OLD”IEUNCERTIFIEDTEMPLATETHROUGHTHEMACHINEAPPROXIMATELY25TIMESINARANDOMMANNERTOENSURETHATALLWHEELSAREENGAGEDSOMEOFTHEPASSESSHALLBECUMULATIVE,WITHOUTRESETTINGTHEMACHINETOZERO,INORDERTOENSURETHATALLMOVINGPARTSOFTHEMACHINEARERUNNINGFREELYSTAGE2ZEROTHEMACHINEANDPASSACERTIFIEDTEMPLATETHROUGHTHEMACHINENTIMESWITHOUTCANCELLINGTHEINDIVIDUALREADINGSENSURETHATALLPINWHEELSWHICHWILLBEACTUATEDBYTHESUBSEQUENTPASSOFTHELEATHERTESTSPECIMENHAVEALSOBEENACTUATEDBYTHETEMPLATEIFTHERECORDEDTOTALAREAISWITHIN0,01M2OFTHETHEORETICALTOTALAREA,PROCEEDTOTHENEXTSTAGEIFITISOUTSIDETHISRANGE,ADJUSTTHEMACHINEANDREPEATTHENPASSESUNTILTHERECORDEDAREAISWITHINTHEPRESCRIBEDTOLERANCESTAGE3ONCETHEMACHINEMEASURESTOWITHINTHEPRESCRIBEDTOLERANCE,ZEROTHEMEASUREMENTGAUGEANDREPEATTWICETHEPROCEDUREDESCRIBEDINSTAGE2RECORDALLTHREETOTALAREASTOTHENEAREST0,01M2STAGE4IFALLTHREETOTALAREASAREHIGHERORLOWERTHANNTIMESTHETHEORETICALTEMPLATEAREA,ORIFTHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENTHEMAXIMUMANDMINIMUMTOTALAREASISGREATERTHAN0,02M2,REPEATTHECALIBRATIONPROCEDUREFROMTHESTARTOFSTAGE2AFTERMAKINGAPPROPRIATEADJUSTMENTSTOTHEMACHINE5SAMPLINGANDSAMPLEPREPARATION51CONDITIONINGOFTHELEATHER511UNLESSOTHERWISEAGREED512,EXPOSETHELEATHERTESTSPECIMENTOTHESPECIFICSTANDARDATMOSPHEREDEFINEDINISO241920CAND65RHFORATLEAST48H512FORSOMEPURPOSES,ITISUNNECESSARYTOSUBJECTTESTSPECIMENSTOASTRICTCONDITIONINGPROCEDURE,ANDMEASUREMENTSMAYBECARRIEDOUTONLEATHERWHICHHASNOTBEENCONDITIONED,ORHASBEENCONDITIONEDINAWAYOTHERTHANTHATSPECIFIEDINISO2419WHENEVERCONDITIONSOTHERTHANTHOSESPECIFIEDIN511AREUSED,HOWEVER,THECONDITIONINGREGIMESHALLBESTATEDINTHETESTREPORTASADEVIATIONFROMTHEMETHODGENERALLYSPEAKING,RELATIVEHUMIDITYRHISMOREIMPORTANTTHANATMOSPHERICTEMPERATUREINDETERMININGTHEMOISTURECONTENTANDHENCETHESURFACEAREAOFPIECESOFLEATHERLEATHERWHICHHASAMOISTURECONTENTBELOWTHATWHICHISOBTAINEDBYCONDITIONINGINACCORDANCEWITHISO2419HASALOWERMEASUREDAREASOMELEATHERS,EGCHAMOIS,EXHIBITCONSIDERABLEHYSTERESISINTHEIRREGAINOFMOISTUREFROMASTANDARDATMOSPHEREFORTHISREASON,ANDTOMINIMIZEDISPUTES,ITISRECOMMENDEDTHATINARBITRATIONSUCHLEATHERISCONDITIONEDONTHEDESCENDINGSIDEOFTHEHYSTERESISLOOP,IEFROMAMOISTURECONTENTCORRESPONDINGTOAHIGHERRELATIVEHUMIDITYDOWNTO65RH513SUPPORTTHELEATHERIFPOSSIBLEALONGTHEBACKBONEINSUCHAWAYTHATAIRHASFREEACCESSTOBOTHSURFACES,ANDKEEPTHEAIRINCONTINUOUSMOTIONBYMEANSOFASUITABLYPLACEDFAN514NOTETHETIMEOFCONDITIONING,INHOURS52STARTOFMEASUREMENTCARRYOUTTHETESTEITHERINTHESAMEATMOSPHEREASUSEDFORCONDITIONINGORINAMBIENTCONDITIONS,BUTWITHIN30MINOFREMOVINGTHETESTSPECIMENFROMTHECONDITIONINGATMOSPHEREBEFOREEACHMEASUREMENT,SETTHEPOINTEROFTHEMEASUREMENTGAUGETOZERO53METHODOFMEASUREMENTFEEDTHETESTSPECIMENINTOTHEMACHINEWITHTHEHIGHERFRICTIONSURFACEINCONTACTWITHTHEPINWHEELSTHESPECIMENSHALLBEABSOLUTELYFLATANDWITHOUTCREASESATTHEMOMENTWHENITPASSESBETWEENTHEIULTCS/IUP322014E2ISO2014ALLRIGHTSRESERVEDCOPYRIGHTINTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONFORSTANDARDIZATIONPROVIDEDBYIHSUNDERLICENSEWITHISOLICENSEEUNIVERSITYOFALBERTA/5966844001,USERSHARABIANI,SHAHRAMFSNOTFORRESALE,03/03/2014222546MSTNOREPRODUCTIONORNETWORKINGPERMITTEDWITHOUTLICENSEFROMIHS,ISO116462014EPINWHEELSANDTHETOPOFTHEFEEDROLLERINTHECASEOFSOFTLEATHERS,THISSMOOTHINGMAYINVOLVEPULLINGTHEHIDEFROMEDGETOEDGEWITHSUFFICIENTFORCETOPREVENTTHEPINSPUSHINGTHELEATHERINTOTHETRANSPORTFEEDROLLERSLOTS,THESPECIMENBEINGHELDINSUCHAMANNERTHATITREMAINSFLATASITPASSESTHROUGHTHEMACHINETOENSURETHIS,MORETHANONEOPERATORMAYBENEEDEDTOFEEDTHESPECIMENINTOTHEMACHINE54DIRECTIONOFFEEDIFTHESPECIMENHASALINEARORNEARLYLINEAREDGE,EGALONGTHESIDES,ITSHALLBEFEDTHROUGHTHEMACHINESOTHATTHESTRAIGHTEDGEFORMSANANGLEOFABOUT30TOTHEDIRECTIONOFMOVEMENTINANYOTHERCASE,THELINEOFTHEBACKBONESHALLBEPERPENDICULAR,ORALMOSTSO,TOTHEAXISOFTHEROLLERS55NUMBEROFMEASUREMENTSIFTHEAREAOFTHETESTSPECIMENISMORETHAN5OFTHEMEASUREMENTMACHINECAPACITY,MEASURETHEAREATWICEIFTHEREADINGSDIFFER,REPEATTHEMINIMUMNUMBEROFTIMESREQUIREDTOOBTAINTWOEQUALREADINGSAFTERROUNDINGTOTHENEAREST0,01M2IFTHEPOINTERISEXACTLYINTHEMIDDLEBETWEENTWOSCALEDIVISIONS,ROUNDTHEREADINGUPTOTHEHIGHEROFTHETWODIVISIONSIFTHEAREAOFTHETESTSPECIMENISLESSTHAN5OFTHEMEASUREMENTMACHINECAPACITY,FEEDTHESPECIMENTHROUGHTHEMACHINEREPEATEDLY,WITHOUTZEROINGINBETWEEN,UNTILTHETOTALMEASUREDAREAEXCEEDS5OFTHEMEASUREMENTMACHINECAPACITYREPEATTHESEQUENCEOFMEASUREMENTSTOOBTAINASECONDREADINGIFTHEFIRSTREADINGDIFFERSFROMTHESECONDAFTERROUNDINGTOTHENEAREST0,01M2,REPEATTHESEQUENCETHEMINIMUMNUMBEROFTIMESREQUIREDTOOBTAINTWOEQUALREADINGSCALCULATETHEAREAOFTHESPECIMENASTHETOTALMEASUREDAREADIVIDEDBYTHENUMBEROFTIMESTHESPECIMENWASFEDTHROUGHTHEMACHINEANDTHENROUNDTOTHENEAREST0,01M26EXPRESSIONOFRESULTSREPORTASTHEAREAOFTHETESTSPECIMENTHEAVERAGEOFTWOVALIDMEASUREMENTS,INSQUAREMETRES,ROUNDEDTOTWOPLACESOFDECIMALS7TESTREPORTTHETESTREPORTSHALLINCLUDETHEFOLLOWINGAADESCRIPTIONOFTHETYPEOFLEATHERTESTEDBREFERENCETOTHISINTERNATIONALSTANDARDIEISO11646CTHETIMEOFCONDITIONING,INHOURSDTHERESULTOFTHEAREAMEASUREMENT,INSQUAREMETRES,ROUNDEDTOTWOPLACESOFDECIMALSEANYDEVIATIONSFROMTHEPROCEDURESPECIFIEDINTHISINTERNATIONALSTANDARDIULTCS/IUP322014EISO2014ALLRIGHTSRESERVED3COPYRIGHTINTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONFORSTANDARDIZATIONPROVIDEDBYIHSUNDERLICENSEWITHISOLICENSEEUNIVERSITYOFALBERTA/5966844001,USERSHARABIANI,SHAHRAMFSNOTFORRESALE,03/03/2014222546MSTNOREPRODUCTIONORNETWORKINGPERMITTEDWITHOUTLICENSEFROMIHS,ISO116462014EANNEXAINFORMATIVESOURCESOFTESTAPPARATUSEXAMPLESOFSUITABLEPRODUCTSAVAILA
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