basic ear anatomy - altervista：基本耳解剖学altervista

BASIC EAR ANATOMYOR WHATS IN AN EARBASIC EAR ANATOMYn EXPECTED OUTCOMESu TO UNDERSTAND THE HEARING MECHANISM u TO BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURES OF THE EARBASIC EAR ANATOMYn HEARING MECHANISMu OUTER EAR ACOUSTIC TO KINETIC ENERGYu MIDDLE EAR CAUSES INCREASE IN KINETIC ENERGY ( x18)u INNER EAR KINETIC TO HYDRAULIC ENERGY THEN HYDRAULIC TO ELECTRICAL ENERGYBASIC EAR ANATOMYn MADE UP OF THREE REGIONSn EXTERNAL EARu PINNA OR AURICLEu EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANALn MIDDLE EARu TYMPANIC MEMBRANEu MALLEUS, INCUS AND STAPESu EUSTATION TUBE OR PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBEBASIC EAR ANATOMYn INNER EARn BONY AND MEMBRANEOUS LABRYNTHu VESTIBULEu SEMI-CIRCULAR CANALSu COCHLEAu VESTIBULAR NERVEu AUDITORY NERVEBASIC EAR ANATOMYn MASTOID BONEu HONEYCOMB OF AIR CELLSu LOCATED BEHIND, ABOVE AND BELOW THE EARu CELLS LINED BY THIN MUCOUS MEMBRANEBASIC EAR ANATOMYn OUTER EARu THE PINNA OR AURICLEt CONSISTS OF CARTILEGE AND SKINt ACTS AS A CHANNEL FOR SOUND WAVES AND DIRECTS THEM TOWARDS THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS AND ON TO THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANEt MADE UP OF 8 DISTINCT STRUCTURESBASIC EAR ANATOMYn OUTER EARu PINNA OR AURICLEt CARTILEGE COVERED WITH PERICHONDRIUM BOUND TO THE SKINu AUDITORY MEATUSt 2/3 CARTILEGEt 1/3 BONEt STOPS AT THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANEBASIC EAR ANATOMYn AUDITORY MEATUSu CERUMEN (WAX) IS PRODUCED IN THE OUTER 2/3 AND IS A BACTERICIDAL WHICH AIDS IN THE CLEANING MECHANISM ALONG WITH EPITHELIAL MIGRATION BASIC EAR ANATOMYn THE MIDDLE EARu THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANEt ROUGHLY CIRCULARt ALMOST TRANSPARANT WITH A CAPILLIARY BLOOD SUPPLYt JOINS MEATUS AROUND ITS CIRCUMFERENCE (ANNULAR)BASIC EAR ANATOMYn THE MIDDLE EARu THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANEu CONSISTS OF THREE LAYERSt OUTER EPITHELIALt MIDDLE ELASTIC FIBREt INNER MUCOUS MEMBRANEBASIC EAR ANATOMYn THE MIDDLE EARu THE OSSICLESt STAPESt INCUSt MALLEUSu TRANFERS SOUND VIBRATIONS FROM THE TYPANIC MEMBRANE TO THE INNER EARBASIC EAR ANATOMYn THE MIDDLE EARu EUSTACHIAN TUBE OR PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBEt LINKS THE MIDDLE EAR TO THE PHARYNXt ALLOWS PRESSURE TO EQUALISE BETWEEN THE ATMOSPHERE AND THE MIDDLE EARt ALLOWS MUCOUS DRAINAGEBASIC EAR ANATOMYn INNER EARu BONY LABRYNTHt ANTERIORLY THE COCHLEAt MIDDLE THE VESTIBULEt POSTERIORLY THE 3 SEMI-CIRCULAR CANALSBASIC EAR ANATOMYn INNER EARu VESTIBULEt THE FLUID FILLED (PERI-LYMPH AND ENDO-LYMPH) CENTRAL CAVITY OF THE BONY LABYRNTH BASIC EAR ANATOMYn INNER EARu SEMI-CIRCULAR CANALSt RESPONSIBLE FOR SENSING MOTION AND BALANCEt HOLLOW BONEY TUBES FILLED WITH PERILYMPHt CONTAINS THE MEMBRANEOUS LABYRNTH AND ENDOLYMPHBASIC EAR ANATOMYn INNER EARu THE COCHLEAt A SPIRAL SHAPED FLUID FILLED STRUCTURE LINED WITH TINY HAIRS (CILLIA) WHICH MOVE WHEN VIBRATED AND CAUSE A NERVE IMPULSE TO FORMBASIC EAR ANATOMYn INNER EARu THE COCHLEAt CONTAINS THE ORGAN OF CORTI THROUGH WHICH ELECTRICAL (SOUND) IMPULSES ARE SENT ALONG THE AUDITORY NERVE TO THE BRAINBASIC EAR ANATOMYn THE AUDITORY NERVEu CARRIES SOUND IMPULSES FROM THE COCHLEA TO THE BRAINn THE VESTIBULAR NERVEu CARRIES BALANCE SIGNALS FROM THE SEMI-CIRCULAR CANALS TO THE BRAINBASIC EAR ANATOMYanvil - (also called the incus) a tiny bone that passes vibrations from the hammer to the stirrup.cochlea - a spiral-shaped, fluid-filled inner ear structure; it is lined with cilia (tiny hairs) that move when vibrated and cause a nerve impulse to form.eardrum - (also called the tympanic membrane) a thin membrane that vibrates when sound waves reach it.Eustachian tube - a tube that connects the middle ear to the back of the nose; it equalizes the pressure between the middle ear and the air outside. When you “pop“ your ears as you change altitude (going up a mountain or in an airplane), you are equalizing the air pressure in your middle ear.hammer - (also called the malleus) a tiny bone that passes vibrations from the eardrum to the anvil. BASIC EAR ANATOMYnerves - these carry electro-chemical signals from the inner ear (the cochlea) to the brain.outer ear canal - the tube through which sound travels to the eardrum.pinna - (also called the auricle) the visible part of the outer ear. It collects sound and directs it into the outer ear canalsemicircular canals - three loops of fluid-filled tubes that are attached to the cochlea in the inner ear. They help us maintain our sense of balance.stirrup - (also called the stapes) a tiny, U-shaped bone that passes vibrations from the stirrup to the cochlea. This is the smallest bone in the hu