高中英语指导：书面表达中组词成句的原则与训练之二

高中英语指导：书面表达中组词成句的 原则与训练之二 一个完整的句子是由至少包含一个主语和一个谓语的 一组词构成的。结构不完整的情形通常有下列一些： 1、 错误省略 用词简洁是句子写作的一个基本原则，但是省略也得 遵循一定的规则，不可随意省掉一些属于固定搭配或有助 于理解句意的词。例： 错误：Youd better do it as were told. 正确：Youd better do it as told to. 原句中 as 从句系一个省略结构，补全后为 as you were told to do it，这一结构的主谓部分在省略时应该 主语和谓语同时省略，后面不定式若要省略必须保留不定 式符号 to。 2、断句 句子结构不完整，写出的句子常常只是一个不能独立 存在的短语或从句。 断句：How we should cut off the electricity. 完整句：How should we cut off the electricity？ 完整句：This is how we should cut off the electricity. 3、连写句 当两个或两个以上的独立句子被错误地用逗号隔开或 根本就没有标点符号相连时，就形成了连写句。例如： She cleaned the room, her mother prepared the supper. 改正这种句子可以根据句意采用以下四种方法中的一 种或多种： 中间用句号使各个句子独立。She cleaned the room. Her mother prepared the supper. 如果两个句子意思联系紧密，也可用分号分开，分 号后的句子以小写字母开头。She cleaned the room; her mother prepared the supper. 两个句子若同等重要，可用并列连词 and, but, for 等连成并列句。并列连词前可以加上逗号，也可不加。She cleaned the room, and her mother prepared the supper. 如果两个句子有一个比另一个地位更重要，则可以 将次要的那个句子改为从句。When she cleaned the room, her mother prepared the supper. 值得一提的是 however, therefore，besides, now, then 等连接性副词不能像 and, but, for 等连词那样单独 连接两个完整的句子，必须借助于句号、逗号或分号来使 句子完整。例如： He said the story happened in Japan;however, he was wrong. 有的句子从语法结构上看是完整的，但从意义上说却 是不完整的，如 Guangzhou is one of the biggest cities. 这一句就最好加一个 in China 这样的状语来限定 其范围。 句意不完整的另一种现象是一个主次分明的句子有了 两个以上的中心。例如：I was walking in the park this afternoon, and saw a tiger.改正的方法主要是将 其中的次要部分改为从句、修饰语或同位语。该句可以改 为 When I was walking in the park this afternoon, I saw a tiger. 练习：将下列句子改为结构完整或意义完整的句子。 1. While I was traveling in a city that I had never visited. 2. I like Mary as much as Jane. 3. “Will you come to the party, too?” “ Id like, but I must finish my homework first.” 4. The hall is different from all other buildings, it is made of glass. 5. This is the best film. 1.改为 I was traveling in a city that I had never visited. 原句主干部分是一个时间状语从句，后面的 that 从句 是作为定语修饰 city 的，故原句是一个残缺句。 2.改为 I like Mary as much as I like Jane. 或 I like Mary as much as Jane does. 在含有比较结构的主从句中，若主句的谓语动词是及 物动词，从句中要注意将意思交待清楚，不能随意省略。 3.原句在 Id like 后省略了动词不定式，但按规则 不定式符号 to 应予保留。 4.改为 Being made of glass, the hall is different from all other buildings. 原句是一个连写句，两个独立的句子之间必须用句号 或