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毕业设计(论文) 题 目: 混凝土质量通病及控制措施浅析 学生姓名: 李浪 学 号: 201206287 指导教师: 程辉、郭祖强 年级专业: 2012级土木工程 重庆大学继续教育学院1重庆大学成人高等学历教育毕业设计(论文)附件目录目 录任务书1-2a开题报告3-4a论文5-132重庆大学成人高等学历教育毕业设计(论文)附件附件b:开题报告混凝土质量通病及控制措施浅析在混凝土工程施工过程中经常发生一些质量通病,影响结构的安全,如何最大限度地消除质量通病,保证工程结构安全,至关重要。本文结合工作实际,对混凝土工程质量通病的产生原因及其防治进行探讨。、常见质量通病产生的原因、蜂窝 混凝土结构局部出现酥松、砂浆少、石子多、石子之间形成空隙类似蜂窝状的窟窿。产生的原因: (1)混凝土配合比不当或砂、石、水泥材料加水量计量不准,造成砂浆少、石子多。 (2)混凝土搅拌时间不够,未拌合均匀,和易性差,振捣不密实。 (3)下料不当或下料高度过高,使混凝土离析,造成石子集中。 (4)混凝土未分层下料,振捣不实,或漏振,或振捣时间不够。 (5)模板缝隙未堵严,水泥浆流失。 (6)钢筋较密,使用的石子粒径过大或坍落度过小。 (7)基础、柱、墙根部未稍加间歇就继续灌上层混凝土。麻面 混凝土局部表面出现缺浆和许多小凹坑、麻点,形成粗糙面,但无钢筋外露现象。产生的原因: (1)模板表面粗糙或粘附水泥浆渣等杂物未清理于净,拆模时混凝土表面被粘坏。(2)模板未浇水湿润或湿润不够,构件表面混凝土的水分被吸去,使混凝土失水过多出现麻面。 (3)摸板拼缝不严,局部漏浆。 (4)模扳隔离剂涂刷不匀,或局部漏刷或失效混凝土表面与模板粘结造成麻面。 (5)混凝土振捣不实,气泡未排出,停在模板表面形成麻点。孔洞 混凝土结构内部有尺寸较大的空隙,局部没有混凝土或蜂窝特别大,钢筋局部或全部裸露。产生的原因:(1)在钢筋较密的部位或预留孔洞和埋件处,混凝上下料被搁住,未振捣就继续浇筑上层混凝土。 (2)混凝上离析,砂浆分离,石子成堆,严重跑浆,又未进行振捣。 (3)混凝土一次下料过多、过厚,下料高度过高,振捣器振动不到,形成松散孔洞。 (4)混凝土内掉入木块、泥块等杂物,混凝土被卡住。露筋 混凝土内部主筋、负筋或箍筋局部裸露在结构构件表面。产生的原因: (1)在灌筑混凝土时,钢筋保护层垫块位移或垫块太少或漏放,致使钢筋紧贴模板外露。(2)结构构件截面小,钢筋过密,石子卡在钢筋上,使水泥砂浆不能充满钢筋周围,造成露筋。 (3)混凝土配合比不当,产生离折,靠模板部位缺浆或模板漏浆。 (4)混凝土保护层太小,保护层处混凝土振捣不实,或振捣棒撞击钢筋或踩踏 钢筋,使钢筋位移,造成露筋。 (5)木模扳未浇水湿润,吸水粘结或脱模过早,拆模时缺棱、掉角,导致露筋。缝隙和夹层 混凝土内存在水平或垂直的松散混凝土夹层。产生的原因: (1)施工缝或变形缝未经接缝处理、清除表面水泥薄膜和松动石子,未除去软弱混凝土层,未充分湿润就灌筑混凝土。 (2)施工缝处锯屑、泥土、砖块等杂物未清除或未清除干净。 (3)混凝土浇灌高度过高,未设串简、溜槽,造成混凝土离析。 (4)底层交接处未灌接缝砂浆层,接缝处混凝土未很好振捣。缺棱掉角 结构或构件边角处混凝土局部掉落,不规则,棱角有缺陷。产生的原因: (1)木模板未充分浇水湿润或湿润不够,混凝土浇筑后养护不好,造成脱水,强度低,或模板吸水膨胀将边角拉裂,在拆模时棱角被粘掉。 (2)低温施工过早拆除侧面非承重模板。 (3)在拆模时,边角受外力或重物撞击,或保护不好,棱角被碰掉。 (4)模板未涂刷隔离剂,或涂刷不均。强度不足,均质性差 同批混凝土试块的抗压强度平均值低于设计要求强度等级。产生的原因: (1)水泥过期或受潮,活性降低;砂石集料级配不好,空隙大,含泥量大,杂物多;外加剂使用不当,掺量不准确。 (2)混凝土配合比不当,计量不准,施工中随意加水,使水灰比增大。 (3)混凝土加料顺序颠倒,搅拌时间不够,拌合不匀。 (4)冬期施工拆模过早,或早期受陈。 (5)混凝土试块制作未振捣密实,养护管理不善,或养护条件不符合要求,在同条件养护时,早期脱水,或受外力砸坏。、防治的措施蜂窝的防治措施 (1)认真设计、严格控制混凝土配合比,经常检查,做到计量准确,混凝土拌合均匀,坍落度适合;混凝土下料高度超过 2m 应设串筒或溜槽;浇灌应分层下料,分层振捣,防止漏振;模板缝应堵塞严密,浇灌中,应随时检查模板支撑情况防止漏浆;基础、柱、墙根部应在下部浇完间歇 11.5h,沉实后再浇上部混凝土,避免出现“烂脖子”。 (2)小蜂窝洗刷干净后,用 1:2 或 1:2.5 水泥砂浆抹平压实;对较大蜂窝,凿去蜂窝处薄弱松散颗粒,刷洗净后,支模用高一级细石混凝土仔细填塞捣实。对较深蜂窝,如清除困难,可埋压浆管、排气管,表面抹砂浆或灌筑混凝土封闭后,进行水泥压浆处理。麻面的防治措施 (1)模板表面清理干净,不得粘有干硬水泥砂浆等杂物,浇灌混凝土前,模板应浇水充分湿润,模板缝隙,应用油毡纸、腻子等堵严,模扳隔离剂应选用长效的,涂刷均匀,不得漏刷;混凝土应分层均匀振捣密实,至排除气泡为止。 (2)表面作粉刷的,可不处理,表面无粉刷的,应在麻面部位浇水充分湿润后,用原混凝土配合比去石子砂浆,将麻面抹平压光。孔洞的防治措施 (1)在钢筋密集处及复杂部位,采用细石混凝土浇灌,在模扳内充满,认真分层振捣密实,预留孔洞,应两侧同时下料,侧面加开浇灌门,严防漏振,砂石中混有粘土块、模板工具等杂物掉入混凝土内,应及时清除干净。 (2)将孔洞周围的松散混凝土和软弱浆膜凿除,用压力水冲洗,湿润后用高强度等级细石混凝土仔细浇灌、捣实。露筋的防治措施(1) 浇灌混凝土,应保证钢筋位置和保护层厚度正确,并加强检验查,当钢筋密集时,应选用适当粒径的石子,保证混凝土配合比准确和良好的和易性;浇灌高度超过 2m,应用串筒、或溜槽进行下料,以防止离析;模板应充分湿润并认真堵好缝隙;混凝土振捣严禁撞击钢筋,操作时,避免踩踏钢筋,如有踩弯或脱扣等及时调整直正;保护层混凝土要振捣密实;正确掌握脱模时间,防止过早拆模,碰坏棱角。 (2)表面露筋刷洗净后,在表面抹 1:2 或 1:2.5 水泥砂浆,将露筋部位抹平;露筋较深的凿去薄弱混凝上和突出颗粒,洗刷干净后,用比原来高一等级的细石混凝土填塞压实。缝隙和夹层的防治措施 (1)认真按施工验收规范要求处理施工缝及变形缝表面;接缝处锯屑、泥土砖块等杂物应清理干净并洗净;混凝土浇灌高度大于 2m 应设串筒或溜槽,接缝处浇灌前应先浇 50100mm 厚原配合比无石子砂浆,以利结合良好,并加强接缝处混凝土的振捣密实。 (2)当缝隙夹层不深时,可将松散混凝土凿去,洗刷干净后用 1:2 或 1:2.5 水泥砂浆填密实;缝隙夹层较深时,应清除松散部分和内部夹杂物,用压力水冲洗干净后支模,灌细石混凝土或将表面封闭后进行压浆处理。缺棱掉角的防治措施 (1)木模板在浇筑混凝土前应充分湿润,混凝土浇筑后应认真浇水养护,拆除侧面非承重模板时,混凝土应具有 1.2nmm2 以上强度;拆模时注意保护棱角,避免用力过猛过急;吊运模板,防止撞击棱角。 (2)将缺棱掉角处松散颗粒凿除,冲洗充分湿润后,用 1:2 或 1:2.5 水泥砂浆抹补齐整,或用比原来高一等级混凝土捣实补好,认真养护。混凝土强度不足的防治措施 (1)水泥应有出厂合格证,新鲜无结块,过期水泥经试验合格才用;砂、石子粒径、级配、含泥量等应符合要求,严格控制混凝土配合比,保证计量准确,混凝土应按顺序拌制,保证搅拌时间和拌匀;防止混凝土早期受冻,按施工规范要求认真制作混凝上试块,并加强对试块的管理和养护。 (2)当混凝土强度偏低,可用非破损方法(如回弹仪法,超声波法)来测定结构混凝土实际强度,如仍不能满足要求,可按实际强度校核结构的安全度,研究处理方案,采取相应加固或补强措施。 重庆大学成人高等学历教育毕业设计(论文)任务书设计(论文)的主要要求:一、内容:1、混凝土常见质量通病成因2、混凝土常见质量通病3、混凝土常见质量通病控制措施4 、结论二、目的:“百年大计,质量第一”这一指导思想要求人们重视施工质量。设计单位、监理单位、施工单位都要重视,从各个方面控制混凝土质量,以确保整个工作质量,以保证企业信誉和发展。进 度 安 排序号工作任务起止周数12013年5月6日13日 1周2 2013年5月13日19日 1周3 2013年5月20日30日 1周 4 2013年5月31日6月8日 1周主要参考文献:要参考文献:1 国振喜.简明建筑工程施工手册. 机械工业出版社,2003:78.2 北京土木建筑学会.钢筋混凝土工程施工技术措施. 经济科学出版社,2005:43-45.3 中国有色工程设计研究总院. 混凝土结构构造手册.中国建筑工业出版社,2005:56-57. 4 姚万才,薄春.现浇混凝土工程的质量缺陷与防治措施 .黑龙江水利科技2005年第06期:34.5 姚万才,薄春.现浇混凝土工程的质量缺陷与防治措施 .黑龙江水利科技2005年第06期:34.同组设计者名单:杨发森、孔全玲、刘小文、费仁愿、陈岑指导教师签字:年 月 日系(专业)主任签字:年 月 日学生签字:年 月 日重庆大学成人高等学历教育毕业设计(论文)开题报告毕业设计(论文)的目的及意义:一、目的:如何确保工程结构优良, 认真作好预防措施,严格按施工规范施工,搞好养护工作,控制质量通病。二、意义:混凝土工程施工过程中,经常发生一些质量通病,影响结构的安全,如何最大限度的消除质量通病,保证工程结构安全,切实解决问题,从技术措施和管理制度约束有关部门和人员,保证混凝土的质量。毕业设计(论文)的任务、重点研究内容及实现途径:一 、主要内容:1、混凝土常见质量通病成因2、混凝土常见质量通病3、混凝土常见质量通病控制措施3.1、强度不够,均质性差3.2、裂缝3.3、外形尺寸偏差3.4、露筋3.5、缺棱掉角3.5、蜂窝、麻面4、结论参考文献进 度 安 排序号工作任务起止周数12013年5月6日13日 1周2 2013年5月13日19日 1周3 2013年5月20日30日 1周 4 2013年5月31日6月8日 1周指导教师意见:指导教师签字:年 月 日ag an employment tribunal clai emloyment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. you may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. for more informu, take advice from one of the organisations listed underfurther help. employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. if you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed underfurther help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seedismissal. you can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. however, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal. remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. if your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i. if you are worried about how the time limits apply to you if you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. this is known as adamages-based agreement. in england and wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.youre clear about the terms of the agreement. it might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a citizens advice bureau. to find your nearest cab, including those that give advice by e-mail, click onnearest cab.for more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeemployment tribunals.the (lack of) air up there watch m cay man islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet ya ya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska.age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. may be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; may be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字开头的年龄已经到了尾声。或许是愧疚于自己似乎把转瞬即逝的很多个不同的日子过成了同一天的样子;或许是追溯过去,对自己那些近乎偏执的怪异信念的醒悟,这些天以来,思绪一直很凌乱,在脑海中不断纠缠。总觉得自己似乎应该去做点什么,或者写点什么。二十年的人生轨迹深深浅浅,突然就感觉到有些事情,非做不可了。the end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而穷尽我们的一生,又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可?during my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for new year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年时,觉得压岁钱和新衣服是过年必备,但是随着年龄的推进,会越来越发现,那些东西根本就可有可无;初中时,以为要有一场暗恋才意味着真正的成长,但三年过去后,自己心平气和的写同学录的时候,突然就发现是不是真正的成长了,好像并没有那么重要了;然后到了高中,觉得非要吐露出自己的心声才能为高中生涯里的懵懂情愫划上一个句点,但毕业晚会的时候最终还是被梗塞在了咽喉,后来再次站在他曾经挥汗如雨的球场,看着他投过篮球的球框时,突然间发现自己已经想不起他的容颜。originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原来,这个世界上,对某个事件能产生化学反应的,除了非做不可的坚决,还有,时间。a persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一个人的时候,自己的想法总是特别地清晰。想要的,不想要的,界限明确,好像没有什么可以撼动自己。也曾经好像已经下定了决心去做某件事,但更多的时候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌恶过自己的怯懦,最终却发现有很多缘分,有很多错过,好像冥冥之中真的已经注定。那些曾经所谓的非做不可,只是青葱年华里自己给自己注射的一支强心剂,或者说,是自以为是的精神寄托罢了。at the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; those were broken into various shapes of stationery; from the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻,天空是阴暗的,空气里有着刚下过雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件蓝格子衬衫;那些被折成各种各样形状的信纸;那段从街角深巷伊始的友谊;还有那场还没有开始就宣告了终结的邂逅计划那些年那些天的非做不可,终于和青春一样,都将在我们的人生中谢幕。baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence. we often close ourselves off when traumatic events happen in our lives; instead of letting the world soften us, we let it drive us deeper into ourselves. we try to deflect the hurt and pain by pretending it doesnt exist, but although we can try this all we want, in the end, we cant hide from ourselves. we need to learn to open our hearts to the potentials of life and let the world soften us.生活发生不幸时,我们常常会关上心门;世界不仅没能慰藉我们,反倒使我们更加消沉。我们假装一切仿佛都不曾发生,以此试图忘却伤痛,可就算隐藏得再好,最终也还是骗不了自己。既然如此,何不尝试打开心门,拥抱生活中的各种可能,让世界感化我们呢?whenever we start to let our fears and seriousness get the best of us, we should take a step back and re-evaluate our behavior. the items listed below are six ways you can open your heart more fully and completely.当恐惧与焦虑来袭时,我们应该退后一步,重新反思自己的言行。下面六个方法有助于你更完满透彻地敞开心扉。whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to embrace it instead of running away or trying to mask the hurt. when the sadness strikes, take a deep breath and lean into it. when we run away from sadness thats unfolding in our lives, it gets stronger and more real. we take an emotion thats fleeting and make it a solid event, instead of something that passes through us.当生活中出现痛苦的事情时,别再逃跑或隐藏痛苦,试着拥抱它吧;当悲伤来袭时,试着深呼吸,然后直面它。如果我们一味逃避生活中的悲伤,悲伤只会变得更强烈更真实悲伤原本只是稍纵即逝的情绪,我们却固执地耿耿于怀by utilizing our breath we soften our experiences. if we dam them up, our lives will stagnate, but when we keep them flowing, we allow more newness and greater experiences to blossom.深呼吸能减缓我们的感受。屏住呼吸,生活停滞;呼出呼吸,更多新奇与经历又将拉开序幕。2. embrace the uncomfortable we all know what that twinge of anxiety feels like. we know how fear feels in our bodies: the tension in our necks, the tightness in our stomachs, etc. we can practice leaning into these feelings of discomfort and let them show us where we need to go.我们都经历过焦灼的煎熬感,也都感受过恐惧造成的生理反应:脖子僵硬、胃酸翻腾。其实,我们有能力面对这些痛苦的感受,从中领悟到出路。the initial impulse is to run away to try and suppress these feelings by not acknowledging them. when we do this, we close ourselves off to the parts of our lives that we need to experience most. the next time you have this feeling of being truly uncomfortable, do yourself a favor and lean into the feeling. act in spite of the fear.我们的第一反应总是逃避以为否认不安情绪的存在就能万事大吉,可这也恰好妨碍了我们经历最需要的生活体验。下次感到不安时,不管有多害怕,也请试着勇敢面对吧。3. ask your heart what it wants倾听内心were often confused at the next step to take, making pros and cons lists until our eyes bleed and our brains are sore. instead of always taking this approach, what if we engaged a new part of ourselves that isnt usually involved in the decision making process?我们常对未来犹疑不定,反复考虑利弊直到身心俱疲。与其一味顾虑重重,不如从局外人的角度看待决策之事。from: /englisharticle/yingyumeiwen/2013-08-06/227968.ht
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