论滑坡整治 毕业论文外文翻译.doc

地质英语结课论文 题目：theory of the treatment院 系 地球科学与资源系姓 名 班 级 地质学1104班 学 号 03211417 指导教师 2013年 12月 1日 theory of the treatmentabstract: the landslide is a kind of global natural disasters, huge harmfulness, often to peoples life and property security caused great hidden trouble.meizhou of guangdong province in china is located in the southern margin of the five ridges mountains, rocks are mainly quartz sandstone in the devonian strata in the area, permian limestone has a wide distribution and the jurassic and cretaceous red sandstone, geological environment fragile, landslide is prevalent.in this paper, through examples on landslide hazards and control measures were briefly reviewed in this paper, the and the development prospect of prevention and control and control technology is prospected.key words: landslide loss prevention and controllandslides refers to the soil or rock mass slopes, by rivers, groundwater activity, earthquake and artificial slope cutting and other factors, under the influence of gravity, along a weak plane or soft belt, the overall or scattered along the slope slide down the natural phenomenon, commonly known as mountain, mountain, slippery, soil slip, etc. landslides often to industrial and agricultural production and peoples lives and property caused great losses, some even is devastating disaster.landslide is destroying the harm of rural primary farmland, destroy forests, roads, houses, harm human and agricultural machinery equipment and water conservancy and hydropower facilities, etc., sometimes even to the person of hometown devastating disasters.located in the town of landslides often hit buried houses, human and animal casualties, damage fields, destroying factories, schools, units, etc., and destruction of facilities, shut down, causing blackouts, water supply and sometimes even destroy the whole town.landslide occurred in industrial and mining areas, can destroy mine facilities, casualties worker, destruction of plants, is mine to keep factories and workers idle and often causes heavy losses.meizhou is a prevalent landslide disasters.according to incomplete statistics, in the past 20 years a total collapse, landslides and other geological disasters in 6280, 171 people were killed and 166 injured, and direct economic loss of 600 million yuan.geological disaster 317 per year on average, nine people were killed and eight people were injured, the economic losses of more than 3000 3000 yuan;existing 6818 landslides, collapse hazard points, threatened a population of more than 100000 people, the threatened assets of 500 million yuan. in view of the landslide caused great harm, so the landslide prevention and control to carry out the early detection, prevention, find out the situation, the comprehensive control, makes every effort to effect a radical cure, not for the principle of combining the factors of the slope unstability and landslide formation of the prevention and control of internal and external conditions.a major factor in the production of landslide landslide control is a geological and geomorphic conditions, the second is internal and external motivation and the influence of human impact.therefore, the landslide regulation mainly from the following several aspects:one, to eliminate or reduce the harm of water1. eliminate surface water.the surface water of landslide outside is used more by the interception and guide method discharged;for landslide surface water within the anti-seepage, near together as soon as possible and take measures such as governance.2. out of groundwater.for groundwater, thin and not blocked.main engineering measures: blind ditch of cutoff, used to intercept and landslide area near the periphery of groundwater;support the blind ditch, drainage and supporting role;oblique kong qun, used to horizontal drilling leads to the groundwater.in addition, there are blind holes, permeability tube, vertical drilling, rule out the engineering measure of landslide in groundwater.3. to prevent the river water and reservoir water on the landslide slope toe scour, the main engineering measures are: the upstream landslide is serious erosion area, build up the mainstream towards the other side of the spur dike, in the front of landslide riprap, paving stone cage, reinforced concrete block construction platoon tube in order to make the soil slope from the river erosion.two. change the landslide shape, set the anti-sliding structures1. the cutting slope weight loss.commonly used in governance in a state of top-heavy and in the front and there are no reliable anti-sliding lots of sliding body, reduce sliding body shape improvement, center of gravity, thus improve the stability of the landslide mass.2. construction retaining engineering.sliding of the landslide due to loss of support or steep, sliding bed may be faster landslide, adopted the practice of construction retaining engineering, can increase the equilibrium condition, the gravity of the landslide sliding body quickly restore stability.the types of retaining structures against sliding flaky crib, anti-slide pile, such as anti-sliding retaining wall.3. improve the earth-rock properties of sliding zone.general roasting method, blasting grouting method is used to the chemical and physical methods, such as the landslide.due to the complexity of landslide causes, influence factors, so we need the above several methods using comprehensive treatment, and at the same time to achieve a goal.third, strengthen public awarenessgeological hazards, our country is a country, but the weak consciousness of common people disasters.a lot of people when disaster comes, dont know to take necessary measures to cope with the situation, dont even know the gravity of the disaster.only let people know the seriousness of disaster, people will be positive to learn knowledge about disasters, make the correct response.our country and the government there is also a lot of dereliction of duty, to the people to the consciousness of its root cause lies in the countrys propaganda is not enough.in the hill country of landslides and other disasters incidence, relevant government departments should strengthen the public awareness of disaster.in order to reduce the mountain disasters and the damage to the society, country and the government should increase for mountain hazards such as landslide area of investment, strengthen the screening and monitoring for these areas.historical experience tells us that in natural disasters at present, in the persons subjective dynamic limited, this time we need, comprehensive management prevention first and prevention &treatment combination of prevention and control measures, in the face of natural disaster, we cant control and change our only avoid disaster reduction .disaster before some false rumors and cause people to take some irrational behavior of important information, in the face of this situation we only to strengthen the public understanding of the disaster itself to make the right judgments.when disasters occur, people should learn the necessary treatment measures, in a concerted effort to reduce the hazards to a minimum. landslide disaster prevention and control technology development prospects: landslide disaster formation mechanism is complex, its prevention and treatment of many factors that affect the technology selection, how to correctly select landslide, landslide characteristics, types and development strength, advanced, economic and effective measures still need we blend step research and deep.the main research direction outlook is as follows:(1) to adopt new technology and new method for prospecting and forecasting the landslide and its stability, such as remote sensing, geophysical prospecting method, gps technology, big dipper and modern test methods;(2) drainage to further study the mechanism of the landslide stability;(3) establish a landslide disaster prevention and control of engineering database and expert fuzzy decision system;(4) the development and application of new materials and components, such as biological chemistry corrosion resistance stiffened new materials, corrosion resistance to tensile anchor cable, high strength and high durability can provide larger resistance against sliding slope protection components, etc.;(5) the development and application of new technology and new methods, such as construction, easy, and can provide larger resistance sliding force of anchoring method of high strength prestressed concrete structure, with high strength prestressed anti-slide pile and anchor anti-slide pile as big thickness high thrust retaining structure of the sliding body, used for inside the landslide reinforcement of various new grouting method, etc.;(6) research and development in harmony with the environment, combined with the land use, and the social benefits associated governance approach, all kinds of governance engineering design should be able to do to fully consider the reclamation and beautify the environment, the governance after the land resources to rational development and utilization of anti-sliding retaining structures may as bearing structure, etc.conclusion through the forming conditions and influencing factors of landslide characteristics analysis and research, i summarized the above many of the super-large geological disaster prevention and control measures, but also how to use more advanced methods and measures for the future improvement made a simple description.therefore, in the face of such serious situation, each one of us should have awareness of landslide and the responsibility of the landslide control, benefit for our children and grandchildren.references:mountain flood prevention and cure of debris flow and landslide disaster 1, science press, 1994-32 ye zhengwei history along the yangtze river new landslide analysis, trend prediction and enlightenment journal disaster - 2000-63 yankunlong zhang guirong, etc.landslide disaster risk analysis m. science press, 2010. beijing4 yang junming, liu, etc.landslide governance method j open-pit mining technology, 2005, (5) : 35 375 meizhou network论滑坡整治摘要：滑坡是一种全球性的自然灾害,危害性巨大，常给人们的生命财产安全造成极大隐患。我国广东梅州地处五岭山脉南缘，区内岩层主要有泥盆系石英砂岩、二叠系的石灰岩和分布较广的侏罗系、白垩系红色砂岩，地质环境脆弱，是滑坡的多发区。本文通过实例对对滑坡危害及整治措施进行了简要阐述，并对防治技术的发展前景进行了展望。关键字：滑坡 损失 防治 展望滑坡是指斜坡上的土体或者岩体，受河流冲刷、地下水活动、地震及人工切坡等因素影响，在重力作用下，沿着一定的软弱面或者软弱带，整体地或者分散地顺坡向下滑动的自然现象，俗称“走山”、“垮山”、“地滑”、“土溜”等。滑坡常常给工农业生产以及人民生命财产造成巨大损失、有的甚至是毁灭性的灾难。滑坡对乡村最主要的危害是摧毁农田、房舍、伤害人畜、毁坏森林道路以及农业机械设施和水利水电设施等，有时甚至给老乡造成毁灭性灾害。位于城镇的滑坡常常砸埋房屋，伤亡人畜，毁坏田地，摧毁工厂、学校、机关单位等，并毁坏各种设施，造成停电、停水、停工，有时甚至毁灭整个城镇。发生在工矿区的滑坡，可摧毁矿山设施，伤亡职工，毁坏厂房，是矿山停工停产，常常造成重大损失。梅州是山体滑坡灾害的多发区。据不完全统计,20年来共发生崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害6280宗,171人死亡，166人受伤,直接经济损失高达6亿元;平均每年发生地质灾难317宗,9人死亡,8人受伤,经济损失3千多万元；现有6818个山体滑坡、崩塌等灾害隐患点,受威胁的人口超过10万人，受威胁财产达5亿多元。鉴于滑坡造成的巨大危害,因此滑坡的防治要贯彻“及早发现，预防为主，查明情况，综合治理，力求根治，不留后患”的原则，结合边坡失稳的因素和滑坡形成的内外部条件进行防治。治理滑坡产生滑坡的主要因素一是地质条件与地貌条件，二是内外动力和人为作用的影响。因此，滑坡的整治主要从以下几个方面入手：一、消除或减轻水的危害1.排除地表水。滑坡以外的地表水多采用拦截和旁引方法排走;对滑坡以内 的地表水采取防渗、尽快汇集和旁引等措施治理口。2.排除地下水。对于地下水，可疏而不可堵。主要工程措：截水盲沟，用于拦截和旁引滑坡区外围的地下水；支撑盲沟，兼具排水和支撑作用；仰斜孔群，用近于水平的钻孔把地下水引出。此外，还有盲洞、渗管、垂直钻孔等排除滑坡体内地下水的工程措施。3.防止河水、库水对滑坡体坡脚的冲刷,主要工程措施有：在滑坡体上游严重冲刷地段修筑促使主流偏向对岸的“丁坝”，在滑坡体前缘抛石、铺设石笼、修筑钢筋混凝土块排管以使坡脚的土体免受河水冲刷。二、.改变滑坡体外形，设置抗滑建筑物1.削坡减重。常用于治理处于“头重脚轻”状态而在前方又没有可靠的抗滑地段的滑体，使滑体外形改善、重心降低,从而提高滑体稳定性。2.修筑支挡工程。因失去支撑而滑动的滑坡或滑坡床陡、滑动可能较快的滑坡，采用修筑支挡工程的办法，可增加滑坡的重力平衡条件，使滑体迅速恢复稳定。支挡建筑物的种类有抗滑片石垛、抗滑桩、抗滑挡墙等。3.改善滑动带的土石性质。一般采用