Cognitive-BehavioralTherapy：认知行为疗法.ppt

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy October 9, 2007 CBT view of depression lDepression is related to the way individuals perceive and think about events in their environment lContribute to a negative view of the self, the world, and the future lFeelings of self-blame, failure, and hopelessness lImpact mood and other behaviors lPeople with depression have cognitive distortions in their views of themselves, the world, and the future EVENTTHOUGHTFEELINGBEHAVIOR Treatment of Depressive Disorders lPsychosocial Interventions Cognitive therapy l Identify, challenge, and modify negative thought processes Misattributions Negative self-monitoring Short-term focus Excessively high performance standards Failure to self-reinforce Cognitive Distortions lAll-or-nothing thinking lOvergeneralization lMental filter lDisqualifying the positive Cognitive Distortions lJumping to conclusions Mind reading The Fortune Teller error Cognitive Distortions lMagnification or minimization lEmotional reasoning l“Should” statements Cognitive Distortions lLabeling/mislabeling lPersonalization Learned Helplessness and Depression lSeligman (Seligman, 1974; 1975; 1978) lDepression is described in terms of learned helplessness lDepression develops in individuals who perceive themselves as having little or no control over rewards and punishments in their environment Learned Helplessness lDepression results from the individuals propensity to view negative events in their life as due to: their own characteristics (internal attributions) l“its all my fault, Im just not good with people, thats just who I am” factors that are unlikely to change (attributions of stability) l“I keep getting fired because Im dumb, so why bother trying to get another job” factors that are likely to have an influence on the individual across situations (global attributions) Behavioral Views lFerster (1974) and Lewinsohn (1974): Depression may result from a lack of sufficient positive reinforcement in the environment lLack of reinforcement can be caused by: change in residence failure to display appropriate social skills Etc. Treatment of Depressive Disorders lPsychosocial Interventions, cont. Behavior therapy lfocuses on increasing pleasurable activities and events, and providing the youngster with the skills necessary to obtain more reinforcement SundayMonday 9-10ChurchLaundry 10-11 ChurchStudy for test/Laundry 11-12 LunchHistory class 12-1Go to moviesLunch 1-2MoviesStudy with friend 2-3Study for testBus to school 3-4Study for testTake test 4-5SwimmingBus home 5-6DinnerDinner 6-7Study for testWatch TV 7-8TV/readingGo out with friends 8-9TV/readingOut with friends Components of CBT Integration of cognitive and behavioral therapies, and has shown the most success in treating depression in young people Cognitive restructuring Activity Planning Problem-solving training Relaxation training Autogenics Deep Breathing Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) Homework assignments Cognitive Behavior Therapy lCBT is designed to change both negative thoughts (cognitions) and behaviors lDepressed children/adolescent learn about the nature of depression and how their mood is linked to both their thoughts and actions lThe focus is on developing better communication, problem-solving, anger-management, relaxation, and social